Vinu d/o Jenson Mathew v. Rebin Sunny and Others

## **IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM** **PRESENT:** **THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE ANTONY DOMINIC & THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE P.D.RAJAN** **TUESDAY, THE 3RD DAY OF DECEMBER 2013/12TH AGRAHAYANA, 1935** **Mat.Appeal.No. 302 of 2012 (A) ------------------------------** **AGAINST THE ORDER/JUDGMENT IN OP 155/2010 of FAMILY COURT,KOZHIKODE DATED 27-02-2012** ## **APPELLANT(S)/PETITIONER:** **----------------------------------------------** **VINU D/O.JENSON MATHEW, CHEERAN HOUSE, MALAPARAMBA.P.O KOZHIKODE-673009.** **BY ADVS.DR.K.P.SATHEESAN SRI.M.R.JAYAPRASAD SRI.P.MOHANDAS (ERNAKULAM) SRI.ANOOP.V.NAIR** ## **RESPONDENT(S)/RESPONDENTS:** **----------------------------------------------------** ## **1. REBIN SUNNY** **S/O.N.A.SUNNY, NEDUMPARAMBIL HOUSE, MISSION QUARTERS D.R.S.CLUB ROAD, THRISSUR-681001.** ## **2. N.A.SUNNY,** **S/O.ANTHAPPAN, NEDUMPARAMBIL HOUSE, MISSION QUARTERS D.R.S.CLUB ROAD, THRISSUR-6810001.** ## **3. MARY SUNNY,** **W/O.N.A.SUNNY, NEDUMPARAMBIL HOUSE, MISSION QUARTERS D.R.S.CLUB ROAD, THRISSUR-681001.** **R1 TO 3 BY ADV. SRI.T.KRISHNAN UNNI (SR.) R1 TO 3 BY ADV. SMT.P.A.SHEEJA** **THIS MATRIMONIAL APPEAL HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 08/11/2013, THE COURT ON 03/12/2013 DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:** ## **ANTONY DOMINIC & P.D.RAJAN, JJ. ======================== Mat. Appeal No. 302 OF 2012 =======================** ## **Dated this the 3[rd] day of December, 2013** ## **J U D G M E N T** ## Antony Dominic, J. This appeal is filed by the petitioner in OP No.155/10 on the file of the Family Court, Kozhikode aggrieved by the order rendered by that Court on 27[th] of February, 2012 dismissing the OP. 2. The appellant and the 1[st] respondent were wife and husband and their marriage was solemnized on 21/4/2007. The appellant gave birth to a male child on 21/6/2008 and even before that the couple separated. Subsequently, by the order passed by the Family Court, Trichur in OP No.1544/09, their marriage was dissolved by mutual consent under Section 10A of the Indian Divorce Act. 3. OP No.155/10 was filed by the appellant for return of `74,14,720/- included in Schedule A, patrimony of `40,00,000/included at Schedule B, movable items worth `5.58 lakhs included in Schedule C and `17,95,000/- included in Schedule D and E respectively. **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** **: 2 :** 4. Before the Family Court, on behalf of the appellant, herself and other witnesses were examined as PWs 1 to 5 and on behalf of the respondents, Rws 1 to 5 were examined. Exts.A1 to A11, Exts.B1 to B23, Ext.C1 and Ext.X1 were marked in evidence. A handwriting expert was examined as CW1. The Family court by its order dated 27[th] of February, 2012 dismissed the OP. It is this order, which is under challenge before us. 5. At the outset, we clarify that though various issues were raised by both sides, we are referring only to the details necessary for the disposal of this appeal and are not going into the other aspects. 6. Before the Family Court, one of the main contentions raised by the respondents was that the appellant, her parents and their Advocate Sri.K.A.Devassya came to their house on 3/3/2008 and had received the entire amounts, ornaments, diamonds, movable properties, text books, passport etc., in full settlement of their claims and that the appellant had acknowledged the same in Ext.B2 receipt. They also contended that Ext.B2 was written and signed by the appellant, and that her father (PW2) and RWs 1 and 2 also affixed their signatures on this document. **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** **: 3 :** 7. On the other hand, the appellant contended that she did not receive any of the articles as claimed by the respondents and that the document in question viz., Ext.B2 was not executed by her and that the signatures of the appellant and her father were fabricated. 8. During the trial, the appellant filed I.A.No.1223/10 praying for an order to send the disputed document Ext.B2 to a handwriting expert for his expert opinion. That request was allowed by the Family Court by its order dated 17/7/2010. Subsequently, the appellant filed IA 1365/10 praying to secure an opinion from the expert about the genuineness of the handwriting and signature of PW2, her father, on Ext.B2. That was rejected by the Family Court by its order dated 31/7/2010. In OP(FC) No.78/10, the appellant challenged the aforesaid order before this Court. This Court by judgment dated 18/10/10 set aside the order and directed the Family Court to forward the signatures of the appellant's father Benson Mathew also to the expert and to secure his opinion. Accordingly, CW1 examined Ext.B2 and gave Ext.X1 report dated 16/6/11 opining that Ext.B2 is not a document **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** **: 4 :** executed by the appellant and that the signatures on that document were not that of the appellant and her father. 9. Subsequently, raising various contentions, the respondents herein filed IA No.1873/11 with a prayer to set aside the report and to send Ext.B2 document for examination by another expert. That IA was considered and was rejected by the Family Court by its order dated 9[th] December, 2011. In this order, the Family Court concluded thus; “8. The learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that CW1 has been biased and he has not conducted any proper test in the report. I am not in a position to agree with the above aspect. The learned counsel not pointed out that on what basis he was biased. I think that he has done it properly and correctly. He has not done anything what he should not have done. He has also mentioned the reason to arrive at a conclusion. In Ext.X1 report his contention that CW1 has not been made any test properly is without any basis. There is no any material before the court to show that CW1 has biased and submitted a false report. I am of the view that nothing has been brought out in his examination to set aside the report submitted by CW1. There is nothing before the court to show that he has done anything dishonestly. There is no evidence to show that he is not an expert. He is conducting examination of documents at the Forensic Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram. He has also having sufficient experience in this field. He can submit a report upon his opinion after careful examination and test. He has also specifically mentioned this aspect and also stated the reasons to enter into a conclusion in Ext.X1 report. However, the expert opinion is not a conclusive proof. It is also an advisory nature. A **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** **: 5 :** court cannot act upon the expert opinion without any impression or clinching circumstantial evidence. The petitioner can produce sufficient and cogent evidence at the trial stage to substantiate his contention and also to rebut the opinion of the expert. It is pertinent to note the Division Bench ruling of our Hon'ble High Court reported in 1997 (2) KLT 437 (Govindan Lakshmanan Vs. Sarada Prema). In the said ruling the Hon'ble High Court opinioned that “The opinion of the handwriting expert being an experiential opinion, it must always be receive with great caution. To act upon it must be corporate either by clear direct evidence or by clinching circumstantial evidence. When the execution of disputed document is witnessed by independent witness, it is not necessary to relied on the opinion of the expert”. So I am of the opinion that the petitioner herein is at liberty to tender independent evidence to prove his contention. There is no necessity to set aside the report submitted by the expert. The petitioner could not made out sufficient reason to allow this petition. This petition is liable to be dismissed. In the result, this petition is dismissed. No order as to cost.” 10. Accordingly, evidence was adduced by both sides and in its final order rendered on 27/2/12, in so far as Ext.X1 report of CW1 ,the handwriting expert is concerned, the Family Court held thus; “The learned counsel for the respondents urged that the evidence of CW1, the Hand Writing Expert is not believable. He is not having sufficient qualification and experience in this field. So his Report Ext.X1 cannot be accepted. Direct evidence are available regarding the execution of Ext.B2 receipt. RW2 and 4 are the direct witnesses for the execution of Ext.B2. There is nothing to disbelieve their evidence regarding the execution of **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** **: 6 :** Ext.B2. So the opinion of CW1 regarding the execution of Ext.B2 and its genuineness is unbelievable. It is brought out in evidence that CW1 is having only the Postgraduation in Science. He is not having any other special qualification in the field of handwriting, finger prints etc. He has no degree or diploma from any other institution in this field. He is having only the experience and knowledge obtained from the training of his superiors. Hence, considering the facts, evidence and circumstances and also the probabilities, Ext.X1 report did not inspire confidence. Nothing has been brought out in evidence to discredit the versions of RW2 and RW4. So I discard Ext.X1 report.” 11. Thereafter, Family Court rejected the evidence of PWs 1 to 5 and accepted the evidence of RWs 1 to 5. On that basis, in so far as the prayers for realisation of ornaments, money and other articles mentioned in Schedule A to C to the petition, the Family Court held thus; “The evidence of PW1 and PW2 did not inspire confidence. Considering the evidence as a whole and analyzing the evidence of the witnesses and the handwriting expert, I am of the view that Ext.B2 document is written and signed by PW1 and it is written and signed by her on 3.3.2008. But, it contains her disguised handwriting and signature. PW2 has also signed in it. It also contains his disguised handwriting and signature. The second respondent and RW2 has also signed in it as witnesses. So I am of the view that the articles made mentioned in Ext.B2 has already been returned to PW1 on 3.3.2008. Therefore she is not entitled for realisation of ornaments, money and other articles made mentioned in the petition schedules A to C.” **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** **: 7 :** 12. Similarly, the prayer for recovery of money included at Schedules D and E was also rejected by the Family Court and it concluded the order by holding thus; “From the evidence I am satisfied that PW1 herself executed Ext.B2 receipt and signed in it. PW2 has also signed in it and received the gold ornaments and diamond ornaments, cash and other articles made mentioned therein. She is not entitled for a decree for realising the said ornaments, money and other articles as claimed in the petition. These points are answered accordingly”. ## Accordingly, the OP was dismissed. 13. Thus, a reading of the order of the Family Court shows that it rejected the claims of the appellant mainly relying on Ext.B2 receipt and it also concluded that this document was executed by the appellant and was signed by her. In arriving at such a conclusion, the Family Court discarded Ext.X1 report of CW1, the handwriting expert and accepted the evidence of RWs 1 to 3 and rejected the evidence to the contrary adduced by the appellant. 14. In this factual background, the issue that we propose to consider is whether the Family Court was right in rejecting Ext.X1 report for the reasons mentioned in its order. On such examination, if the rejection of the report is held to be illegal, the **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** ## **: 8 :** matter will have to be considered afresh by the Family Court in the light of Ext.X1 report. Therefore, we shall proceed to examine the legality of the reasoning of the Family Court in rejecting Ext.X1 report in the light of the relevant provisions of the Indian Evidence Act. ## 15. Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act reads thus: 45. Opinions of experts.- When the Court has to form an opinion upon a point of foreign law or of science or art, or as to identity of handwriting [or finger impressions], the opinions upon that point of persons specially skilled in such foreign law, science or art, [or in questions as to identity of handwriting] [or finger impressions] are relevant facts. Such persons are called experts. 16. As is evident from the language of Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act, it is the opinion of a person specially skilled in questions relating to specified issues, including the identity of handwriting, which is relevant. An expert is no more than a person possessing peculiar skill and knowledge upon the subject matter that he is required to give an opinion upon. What degree of study, training or experience amounts to peculiar skill is very difficult to define and no hard and fast rule can be laid down. It should be noted, however that the higher or lower qualifications of an expert merely affect the weight and not the strict relevancy **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** ## **: 9 :** of his opinion. Any person who, from his circumstances and employment, possess special means of knowledge and has given the subject attention and is more than ordinarily conversant with its details, will be considered specially skilled for the purposes of Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act. In _**R. v. Silverlock**_ , [(1894) 2 QB 766], a solicitor who had for some years given considerable attention to the subject and had several times compared handwriting for purposes of evidence, though never testified as an expert, was held competent. Similarly in _**Dahibai v. Soonderi Damji**_ , (1907 (9) Bombay Law Reporter 819), a solicitor, who studied a disputed will for 128 hours had satisfied the Court that the will was a forgery. 17. We should also state that it is not fair for a Court to approach the opinion evidence of an expert with suspicion. However, since human judgment cannot be said to be totally infallible, the correct approach would be to exercise due caution and to weigh the reasons on which the opinion is based because the quality, acceptability and creditworthiness of his opinion would depend on the soundness of the reasons on which it is founded. **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** **: 10 :** 18. On the other hand, Section 47 of the Indian Evidence Act provides in what situation, an opinion as to handwriting, can assume relevance. This section reads thus; _**47. Opinion as to handwriting, when relevant** . - When the Court has to form an opinion as to the person by whom any document was written or signed, the opinion of any person acquainted with the handwriting of the person by whom it is supposed to be written or signed that it was or was not written or signed by that person, is a relevant fact._ 19. This section shows that the opinion is relevant when the court was to form an opinion about the person by whom the document was written or signed. This section also provides that such opinion is to be of any person, acquainted with the handwriting of the person by whom the document is supposed to be written or signed. Both under Section 45 and Section 47, the evidence tendered is only an opinion, in the former by a scientific comparison and in the latter on the basis of familiarity resulting from observations and experience. In either case, the Court must satisfy by itself, by taking recourse to such means as are open, that the opinion is worth acting upon. One such means open to the Court is to subject to its own observation the admitted writing and to compare them with the disputed one and thus verify the premises of the expert and to appraise the value of the opinion **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** **: 11 :** given. This is not to say that the court must play the role of an expert but to say that the court may accept the fact proved only when it has satisfied itself on its own observation that it is safe to accept the opinion of the expert or other witness. Therefore, the final conclusion is that of the Court, which has been reached by the aforesaid process and also based on the other evidence available and neither Section 45 nor Section 47 permit delegation of judicial functions to the experts or anyone else or investing them with the attributes of a Judge. 20. In so far as this case is concerned, from para 13 of the order extracted above, it can be seen that the Family Court has chosen to discard the evidence of CW1 and Ext.X1 report primarily for the reason that CW1 is only a post graduate in science without any special expertise in the field of handwriting, finger prints etc,. The court has also held that he is having only experience and knowledge obtained from the training of his superiors and therefore Ext.X1 report did not inspire confidence. In this context, it is to be noted that while accusing CW1 of lacking any degree or diploma apart from the experience, the Court has not stated whether there is any degree or diploma in **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** ## **: 12 :** existence in the field of handwriting or finger print or what qualification would have qualified him to be an expert. This reasoning of the Court is not only against the principles laid down in the context of section 45, but also is directly contrary to the reasons assigned by it for dismissing IA No.1873/11, where the Court has described CW1 to be an expert and has rejected the plea of bias alleged against him. Thereafter, the Court has allowed parties to adduce evidence on the issues covered by the report and impugn the report on that basis. Therefore, it is on the basis of such uncharitable and contradictory reasons adopted by it in its order in IA No.1873/11 and not for any legally acceptable grounds or evidence on record, the Court has chosen to discard Ext.X1 report. Such rejection of the report, in the manner it is done by the Family Court, is on irrelevant and illegal reasons. This, in our view, is totally illegal and cannot be sustained. 21. If the report was not discarded in the manner it was done, the appreciation of the evidence would have been in a different perspective. Therefore, once the rejection of the report is held to be erroneous, necessarily, the Family Court should reconsider the matter re-appreciating the entire evidence and it **Mat.Appeal No.302/12** **: 13 :** should decide afresh whether the conclusions of the expert are tenable in the light of other evidence that is adduced by the parties. 22. In such a situation, we set aside the order of the Family Court, Kozhikode dismissing OP No.155/10 and direct the Family Court to reconsider the entire matter duly adverting to Ext.X1 report, the evidence of CW1 and pass fresh orders in the OP in accordance with law. This shall be done after affording the parties an opportunity to be heard. 23. Parties are directed to appear before the Family Court, Kozhikode on 02/01/2014. Appeal is disposed of accordingly. Sd/- **ANTONY DOMINIC, JUDGE** Sd/- **P.D.RAJAN, JUDGE** Rp **//True Copy//** **PA TO JUDGE**