Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Ltd. & Anr. v. Jai Prakash Associates Ltd.

[2012] 8 S.C.R. 813 ## TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR. A _v._ JAi PRAKASH ASSO. LTD. (Civil Appeal No. 3682 of 2007) ## SEPTEMBER 25, 2012 **[R.M. LODHA, ANIL R. DAVE AND RANJAN GOGOi, JJ.]** B - - _Arbitration Maintainability Contract for execution of works contained an arbitration clause_ - _Grievance of_ C _respondent-contractor that though the works had been_ - _completed, tile final bill was not prepared Arbitration proceedings initiated, in course of which, final bill prepared and placed before the arbitrators by the appellant-corporation_ - _Subsequently, another process of arbitration initiated for the_ D - _specific claims of respondent-contractor Maintainability of_ - _the second round of arbitration proceedings Held: The entitlement of respondent-contractor was not the subject_ - _matter of the earlier proceedings before the arbitrators The claim of respondent-contractor got crystallized once the final_ E - _bill was prepared and placed before the arbitrators It is these specific claims, after quantification, that were referred to the arbitrators in the subsequent arbitration proceedings_ - _Thus, it cannot be said that the arbitration proceeding in respect of the specific claims of respondent-contractor stood barred in_ F _view of the earlier arbitration proceedings between the parties._ E F - - - _Arbitration Arbitral award Challenge to Power of the_ - - _Court Contract for execution of works Disputes arising_ - _therefrom Matter referred to arbitration in terms of the_ - _arbitration clause contained in the contract Claim of respondent-contractor for refund of security deposit not adjudicated upon by the arbitrators on the ground that it was not arbitrable_ - _Held: In such_ a _situation, it was clearly beyond_ - _the power of the trial court to decree the claim The High_ 813 H 814 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2012] 8 S.C.R. A _Court_ was _justified in setting aside the claim, however, it erred in directing adjudication of the claim by an arbitrator nominated by it_ - _The_ issue _should have been left for determination in accordance with the procedure agreed upon by the patties._ B _Arbitration_ - _Arbitral award_ - _Grant of interest pendente lite_ - _Justification_ - _Held: Not justified, in view of the_ express _bar contained in the contract between the patties._ _Arbitration_ - _Arbitral award_ - _Grant of interest for the past-_ e _award period_ - _Justification_ - _Held: Justified._ The appellants and the respondent-contractor had entered into a contract for execution of certain works in connection with the Tehri Hydro Dam Project. Though the 0[works ][in ][question ][were completed, the final ][bill ][of ] respondent-contractor was not prepared and security money, furnished by way of bank guarantee was not released. The parties went to arbitration in accordance with the arbitration clause under the contract/agreement. E In course of the arbitration proceedings, the appellantCorporation submitted the final bill. Subsequently, another arbi.tration proceeding commenced between the parties for the specific claims of respondent-contractor. The arbitral award passed in F the aforesaid arbitration proceeding held the respondentcontractor entitled to Rs.10.17 lakhs on account of the work done with interest @ 6% p.a. from the date of invocation of the claim till the date of the award and @ 12% p.a. from the date of the award till payment or till the G award was made Rule of court, whichever was earlier. Insofar as the claim of respondent-contractor of Rs.12.50 lakhs lying in deposit with the appellant-Corporation, the Arbitrators held the same to be beyond the scope of the dispute raised in the arbitration proceeding. H TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR. _v._ JAi 815 PRAKASH ASSO. LTD. Objections against specific parts of the award by A which the respective parties felt aggrieved were filed before the District Judge. The District Judge (trial court) held the respondent-contractor entitled to both the amounts- Rs.10.17 lakhs as also Rs.12.50 lakhs and thereafter passed a decree in respect of the two amounts B alongwith interest thereon at the rate of 12% _pendente lite_ and 6% for the post award period. In appeal, the High Court maintained the award of Rs.10.17 lakhs, however, as regards the claim of Rs.12.50 lakhs, it took the view that the said amount could not have been awarded by the c trial court as the said entitlement was not gone into by the Arbitrators, and remanded such claim to be settled by an Arbitrator appointed by it. The High Court did not deal with the question of interest. In the instant appeal, the appellants contended that D the respondent-contractor resorted to another process of arbitration without seeking-such leave in the first arbitration proceeding; and thus the arbitration proceeding leading to the impugned award was without any authority of law. In regard to the claim of Rs.12.50 E lakhs, the appellants contended that the said claim was not adjudicated upon by the arbitrators and in such a situation it was beyond the power of the trial court to hold the said claim in favour of the respondent-contractor; that though the High Court was justified in setting aside the F claim of Rs.12.50 lakhs, it could not have directed adjudication of the said issue by an arbitrator nominated by it. Further, the appellants relied on Clauses 1.2.14 and 1.2.15 of Part II of the contract to contend that thereunder there was a specific bar to grant of interest and thus the G award of interest in favour of respondent-contractor was wholly untenable. ## Partly allowing the appeal, the Court HELD: 1.1. The entitlement of the respondent - H [2012] 8 S.C.R. ## 816 SUPREME COURT REPORTS - A contractor to the two amounts -Rs.10,17,461/- and Rs.12.50 lakhs was not the subject matter of the earlier proceeding before the Arbitrators which arose out of the grievance of the respondent-contractor that though the execution of the work had been completed, the final bill - B had not been prepared and further that certain amounts lying in deposit as security had not been refunded. Once the final bill was prepared and placed before the Arbitrators the claim of the respondent-contractor got crystallized. It is these specific claims, after quantification, - c that had been referred to the Arbitrators in the proceeding in which the award has been passed. It will, therefore, not be correct to say that the arbitration proceeding in respect of the specific claims of the contractor stood barred in view of the earlier arbitration proceeding - 0[between the parties. That apart, from ][an ][order passed ][by ] the Arbitrators on 15th January, 1994, it appears that the arbitrators in the aforesaid order had clearly recorded that the" .... both the parties agree that we should adjudicate both the disputes relating to refund of deposit of Rs.12.5 lakhs and payment of final bill to the tune of Rs.10.00 - E lakhs and odd .... " In these circumstances, the award insofar as the claim of Rs.10,17,461/- made by the Arbitrator and affirmed by the courts below does not require any further scrutiny by this Court. [Para 9) [824C-H] F 1.2. Insofar as the claim in respect of the sum of Rs.12.50 lakhs is concerned, the entitlement of the respondent - contractor to the said amount had not been adjudicated upon by the Arbitrators on the ground that G the said issue was not an arbitrable issue and the same ought be resolved either by an amicable process or by way of a suit for recovery. If the aforesaid claim was not adjudicated upon by the Arbitrators the trial court (District Judge) was patently wrong in decreeing the said claim. H Therefore, the High Court was perfectly justified in TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR. _v._ JAi 817 PRAKASH ASSO. LTD. reversing the said part of the decree. However, there is A no reasonable basis for the view taken by the High Court that the entitlement of the respondent-contractor to the said amount should now be determined by the Arbitrator nominated by it. Rather, the aforesaid issue should have been left for determination in accordance with the B procedure agreed upon by the parties, if the parties are, at all, inclined to go into a further round of adjudication at this stage. The aforesaid part of the order of the High Court is, therefore, interfered with and, subject to the observations made by this Court, the parties are c permitted to work out their remedies as may be considered best and most appropriate in the facts and circumstances of the case. [Para 10] [825-A-E] > 2.1. Clauses 1.2.14 and 1.2.15 of the contract agreement between the parties clearly reveal that despite > some overlapping of the circumstances contemplated by the two Clauses, no interest is payable to the contractor for delay in payment, either, interim or final, for the works done or on any amount lying in deposit by way of guarantee. The aforesaid contemplated consequence would be applicable both to a situation where withholding of payment is on account of some dispute or difference between the parties or even otherwise. Since the said Clauses 1.2.14 and 1.2.15 imposed a clear bar on either entertainment or payment of interest in any situation of non payment or delayed payment of either the amounts due for work done or lying in security deposit, the grant of _pendente lite_ interest on the claim of Rs.10,17,461/- is not justified. The award as well as the orders of the courts below are accordingly modified to the aforesaid extent. [Paras 11, 12 and 17] [825-F; 826-EF; 829-G-H-; 830-A-B] D E F G 2.2. However, the grant of interest for the post-award period would stand on a somewhat different footing. The grant of interest on the amount of Rs.10,17,461/-from the H [2012] 8 S.C.R. ## 818 SUPREME COURT REPORTS - A date of the award till the date of the decree or date of payment, whichever is earlier, is upheld. In the facts of the case, the rate of interest should be 12% per annum as determined in the arbitration proceeding between the parties. [Para 18] [830-B-D-E] ## 8 _Secretary, Irrigation Department, Government of Orissa and others_ vs. G.C. _Roy and anr._ (1992) 1 SCC 508: 1991 (3) Suppl. SCR 417; _Executive Engineer, Dhenkala/ Minor Irrigation Division, Orissa and others_ vs. _N._ C. _Budhraj (deceased) By /rs. And others_ (2001) 2 SCC 721: 2001 (1) C SCR 264; _Union of India_ vs _Krafters Engineers and Leasing Private Limited_ (2011) 7 SCC 279: 2011 (8) SCR 196; _Sayeed Ahmed_ & Co. vs. _State of Uttar Pradesh_ & _Ors._ (2009) 12 SCC 26: 2009 (10) SCR 841; _Sree Kamatchi Amman Constructions_ vs. _Divisional, Railway manager (Works),_ D _Pa/ghat and others_ (2010) 8 SCC 767: 2010 (10) SCR 487 and _State of Orissa_ vs. _B.N. Agarwal/a_ (1997) 2 SCC 469: 1997 (1) SCR 704 - relied on. - _Board of Trustees for the Port of Calcutta_ vs. _Engineers-_ - E _De-Space-Age_ (1996) 1 SCC 516: 1995 (6) Suppl. SCR 327; _Madnani Construction Corporation Private Limited_ vs. _Union of India and others_ (2010) 1 SCC 549: 2009 (16) SCR 216; _Asian Techs Limited_ vs. _Union of India and others_ 2009 10 SCC 354: 2009 (14) SCR 182 and _Executive Eningeer_ - F _(Irrigation), Balime/a and others_ vs _Abhaduta Jena and others_ (1988) 1 SCC 418: 1988 (1) SCR 253 - referred to. _Indian Oil Corporation Ltd._ vs. _Amritsar_ Gas _service and others_ (1991) 1 SCC 533: 1990 (3) Suppl. SCR 196 - cited. G ## Case Law Reference: H 1990 (3) Suppl. SCR 196 cited Para 7 1997 (1) SCR 704 relied on Para 7 2009 (14) SCR 182 referred to Para 7 |TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR.|TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR._v._JAi|TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR._v._JAi|TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR._v._JAi|819|| |---|---|---|---|---|---| ||PRAKASH ASSO. LTD.||||| |**1991**|(3)**Suppl. SCR417reliedon**||**Para**|**13**|A| |**2001**|**(1)SCR 264**|**reliedon**|**Para**|**13**|| |**2011**|**(8)SCR 196**|**reliedon**|**Para 13**|**Para 13**|| |**1995**|**1995(6)Suppl. SCR327referredto**||**Para 14**|**Para 14**|B| |**2009 (16) SCR**|**2009 (16) SCR216**|**referredto**|**Para 14**|**Para 14**|| |**2009 (10) SCR**|**2009 (10) SCR841**|**reliedon**|**Para 14**|**Para 14**|| |**2010 (10) SCR 487**|**2010 (10) SCR 487**|**reliedon**|**Para 14**|**Para 14**|| ||||||c| |**1988 (1) SCR 253**|**1988 (1) SCR 253**|**referredto**|**Para**|**Para16**|| CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 3682 of 2007. From the Judgment & Order dated 20.07.2006 of the High Court of Uttaranchal at Nainital in Appeal from Order No. 879 of 2001. D Puneet Taneja, Gurpreet S. Parwanda, Monika Tyagi, Shail Kumar Dwivedi for the Appellants. E ·S.B. Upadhyay, Pawan Upadhyay, Pawan Kishor, Sharmila Upadhyay for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by F **RANJAN GOGOi, J.** 1. This appeal is directed against the judgment and order dated 20th July, 2006 passed by the High Court of Uttaranchal at Nainital whereby the decree passed by the learned trial court under the Arbitration Act, 1940 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act') has been modified. The terms of award as passed by the learned Arbitrator and the G decree passed by the learned trial court as well as the modification thereof by the High Court will now have to be noticed : 2. The appellants and the respondent herein had entered H 820 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2012] 8 S.C.R. - A into a contract for execution of certain works in connection with the Tehri Hydro Dam Project. The agreement between the parties was executed on 29th March, 1978 and the works in question were completed on 31st December, 1985. The completion certificate was issued by the competent authority - B of the appellant-Corporation on 27th ·April, 1986. As the final bill of the respondent-contractor had not been prepared and security money, furnished by way of bank guarantee was not released, the parties went to arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration clause under the contract/agreement. In the course - c of the aforesaid Arbitration proceeding the appellantCorporation submitted a final bill which accordirg to the respondent-Contractor entitled it to receive a sum of Rs.10, 17,461.09 on account of work done besides a sum of Rs. 12 .. 50 lakhs that was lying in deposit with the Corporation. As the amounts due. according to the respondent-contractor, - D had become crystallized, another arbitration proceeding between the parties for the aforesaid specific claims commenced in accordance with the arbitration clause of the agreement. E 3. The award in the aforesaid arbitration proceeding was passed on 29th January, 1996 holding the respondent - contractor to be entitled to the sum of Rs. 10, 17,461/-with the interest at the rate of 6% per annum from the date of invocation of the claim till the date of the award and at the rate of 12% F per annum from the date of the award till payment or till the award is made Rule of court, whichever is earlier. Insofar as the claim of the respondent- contractor to the sum of Rs. 12.50 lakhs lying in deposit with the Corporation, the Arbitrators held the said amount to be beyond the scope.of the dispute raised G in the arbitration proceeding. Accordingly, the respondent - contractor was left with the option of settling the said claim in an amicable manner or by resorting to a civil suit for recovery of the same. 4. Objections against the specific parts of the award by H which the respective parties felt aggrieved were filed before the TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR. _v._ JAi 821 PRAKASH ASSO. LTD. [RANJAN GOGOi, J.) learned District Judge, Tehri, Garhwal. The learned District A Judge by his order dated 15th October, 1997 upheld the claim of the respondent - contractor to the sum of Rs.10,17,461/lakhs as awarded. In so far as the claim of Rs.12.50 lakhs is concerned, the learned trial court, notwithstanding the fact that the arbitrator did not decide the said claim, went into the issue B and held the respondent - contractor to be entitled to the said amount also. Thereafter, a decree was passed in respect of the two amounts alongwith interest thereon at the rate of 12% _pendente lite_ and 6% for the post award period. Aggrieved by the aforesaid .order passed by the learned District Judge, Tehri c Garhwal, the appellant moved the High Court of Uttaranchal by filing an appeal under the provisions of the Act. The High Court by its order dated 20th July, 2006 allowed the appeal in part. While the claim of Rs.10,17,461/- awarded in favour of the respondent-contractor was maintained in so far as the claim D of Rs. 12.50 lakhs is concerned, the High Court took the view that the aforesaid amount could not have been awarded by the learned trial court as the said entitlement was not gone into by the learned Arbitrators. Accordingly, the High Court remanded the aforesaid claim to be settled by an Arbitrator appointed by E it. Insofar as the question of interest is concerned, the High Court did not deal with the said aspect of the matter at all. Aggrieved, the Corporation is before this court challenging the judgment and order dated 20th July, 2006 passed by the High Court of Uttaranchal. F 5. We have heard Mr. Puneet Taneja, learned counsel for the appellants and Mr. S.B. Upadhyay, learned senior counsel for the respondent. 6. Learned counsel for the appellants has contended that the claims of the respondent - contractor for the unpaid amounts under the firal bill as well as for return/refund of security deposit, including amounts furnished by way of bank guarantee, was the subject matter of an earlier arbitration between the parties. In the course of the said arbitration the final bill was placed before G H 822 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2012] 8 S.C.R. - A the arbitrators by the Corporation. On scrutiny of the aforesaid final bill the respondent-contractor claimed the two specific amounts in question and resorted to another process of arbitration without seeking leave in the first arbitration proceeding to have recourse to a second round of arbitration. - B The arbitration proceeding leading to the award is, therefore, without any authority of law. Specif ally, insofar as the amount of Rs.12.50 lakhs is concerned, according to the learned counsel for the appellants, the said amount was not adjudicated upon by the Arbitrators and the same was to be recovered by c an amicable process or by resorting to a civil suit. In such a situation it was clearly beyond the power of the learned trial court to hold the said claim in favour of the respondentcontractor. Though the High Court was justified in setting aside the said claim of Rs.12.50 lakhs for the aforesaid reason, it 0[could not have directed adjudication of the said issue ][by ][an ] Arbitrator nominated by it as has been done by the impugned order of the High Court. According to the learned counsel, the adjudication of the said claim of the respondent - contractor, if at all, should have been directed by a process contemplated E by the specific provisions of the Arbitration agreement between the parties. Insofar as the grant of interest is concerned, learned counsel for the appellants has relied on Clauses 1.2.14 and 1.2.15 of Part II of the contract agreement between the parties F to contend that under the aforesaid clauses of the agreement governing the parties there was a specific bar to grant of interest. Relying on several judgments of this court, details of which will be noticed in the discussions that will follow, learned counsel has contended that the award of interest in favour of G the respondent-contractor being clearly contrary to the terms of the agreement between the parties is wholly untenable and therefore needs to be interfered with by this court. 7. Controverting the submissions advanced on behalf of the appellants, learned counsel for the respondent - contractor H has contended that the appellants had actively participated in TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR. _v._ JAi 823 PRAKASH ASSO. LTD. [RANJAN GOGOi, J.] the proceeding before the Arbitrators and therefore, cannot, at A this stage, question the jurisdiction of the Arbitrators to make the award in question. It is contended that the claim of the respondent to the amount of Rs.10,17,461/- having been held in its favour all along, the same does not disclose any basis for interference. In so far as the amount of Rs.12.50 lakhs is B concerned the only issue that will require deterimination is the manner in which the de novo adjudication is required to be carried out. So far as the question of interest is concerned, learned counsel has placed before the court the UP Civil Laws (Reforms and Amendment) Act, 1976 by which certain c provisions of the Arbitration Act of 1940 have been amended in its application to the State of UP. The attention of the court has been drawn to Paragraph 7A which has been added after Para 7 of the First Schedule to the Act. According to the learned counsel, Paragraph 7A authorized and empowered the D arbitrator as well as the courts below to grant interest. Learned counsel has also relied on the decisions of this court _in Indian oil Corporation Ltd. vs. Amritsar Gas service and others', State of Orissa vs. B.N. Agarwalfa[2 ]_ and _Asian Techs Limited vs. Union of India and others[3 ]_ 2009 10 SCC 354 (para 21) in E support of the contentions advanced. 8. Para 7A of the U.P. Civil Laws (Reforms and Amendment) Act, 1976 referred to above may now be reproduced : F "7A. Where and in so far as an award is for the payment of money, the arbitrators of the umpire may, in the award, order interest at such rate as the arbitrators or umpire may deem reasonable to be paid on the principal sum awarded, from the date of the commencement of the arbitration as defined in sub-section (3) of section 37, to the date of award, in addition to any interest awarded on such G 1. [(1991) 1 sec 533. 2. [(1997) 2 sec 469. 3. 2009 10 sec 354 (para 21). H [2012] 8 S.C.R. 824 ## SUPREME COURT REPORTS A principal sum for any period prior to such comr;nencement, with further interest at such rate not exceeding six per cent per annum as the arbitrators or umpire may deem reasonable on such principal sum from the date of the award to the date of payment or to such earlier date as B the arbitrators or umpire may think fit, but in no case beyond the date of the decree to be passed on the award." A 9. Insofar as the jurisdiction of the Arbitrator to adjudicate on the two claims of Rs.10, 17,461/- and Rs.12.50 lakhs are concerned, the dispute is capable of resolution within a short C compass. The entitlement of the respondent - contractor to the aforesaid two amounts was not the subject matter of the earlier proceeding before the Arbitrators which arose out of the grievance of the respondent - contractor that though the execution of the work had been completed, the final bill had not D been prepared and further that certain amounts lying in deposit . as security had not been refunded. Once the final bill was prepared and placed before the Arbitrators the claim of the respondent-contractor got crystallized. It is· these specific claims, after quantification, that had been referred to the E Arbitrators in the proceeding in which the award has been passed. It will, therefore, not be correct to say that the a.rbitration proceeding in respect of the specific claims of the contractor stood barred in yiew of the earlier arbitration proceeding between the parties. That apart, from an order passed by the F Arbitrators on 15th January, 1994, which is available on record as an enclosure to the counter affidavit of the respondent, it appears that the arbitrators in the aforesaid order dated 15th January, 1994 had clearly recorded that the" .... both the parties agree that we should adjudicate both the disputes relating to G refund of deposit of Rs.12.5 lakhs and payment of final bill to the tune of Rs.10.00 lakhs and odd .... " In these circumstances, the award insofar as the claim of Rs.10,17,461/- made by the learned Arbitrator and affirmed by the learned courts below will not require any further scrutiny by H us. TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR. _v._ JAi 825 PRAKASH ASSO. LTD. [RANJAN GOGOi, J.] 10. Insofar as the claim in respect of the sum of Rs.12.50 A lakhs is concerned, it has already been noticed that the entitlement of the respondent - contractor to the said amount had not been adjudicated upon by the Arbitrators on the ground that the said issue was not an arbitrable issue and the same ought be resolved either by an amicable process or by way of B a suit for recovery. If the aforesaid claim was not adjudicated upon by the Arbitrators the learned trial court was patently wrong in decreeing the said claim. Therefore, the High Court was perfectly justified in reversing the said part of the decree. However, we do not find any reasonable basis for the view taken c by the High Court that the entitlement of the respondentcontractor to the said amount should now be determined by the Arbitrator nominated by it. Rather, according to us, the aforesaid issue should have been left for determination in accordance with the procedure agreed upon by the parties, if D the parties are. at all. inclined to go into a further round of adjudication at this stage. We, therefore, interfere with the aforesaid part of the order of the High Court and, subject to our observations above, we leave the parties to work out their remedies as may be considered best and most appropriate E in the facts and circumstances of the case. 11. This will lead the court to a consideration of what is the principal bone of contention between the parties in the present case, namely, the issue with regard to payment of interest. Clauses 1.2.14 and 1.2.15 on which much arguments have been advanced by learned counsel for both sides may now be extracted below : F ## "PART-II ## CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT 1.2.14 NO CLAIM FOR DELAYED PAYMENT DUE TO DISPUTE ETC. The contractor agrees that no claim for interest of damages H [2012] 8 S.C.R. ## 826 SUPREME COURT REPORTS - A will be entertained or payable by the Government in respect of any money or balances which may be lying with Government owing to any disputes, differences or misunderstandings between the parties or in respect of any delay or omission on the part of the Engineer-in-charge - B in making immediate or final payments or in any other respect whatsoever. ## 1.2.15 INTEREST ON MONEY DUE TO THE CONTRACTOR : C No omission on the part of the Engineer-in-charge to pay the amount due upon measurement or otherwise shall vitiate or make void the contract, nor shall the contractor be entitled to interest upon any guarantee or payments in arrears nor upon any balance which may on the final D settlement of his accounts be due to him." 12. A reading of the aforesaid two Clauses of the contract agreement between the parties clearly reveal that despite some overlapping of the circumstances contemplated by the E two Clauses, no interest is payable to the contractor for delay in payment, either, interim or final, for the works done or on any amount lying in deposit by way of guarantee. The aforesaid contemplated consequence would be applicable both to a situation where withholding of payment is on account of some dispute or difference between the parties or even otherwise. F 13. Of the several decisions of this Court referred to by the learned counsel for the appellant the judgments of the Constitution Bench of this Court in _Secretary, Irrigation Department, Government of Orissa and others vs._ G. _C. Roy_ G _and anr4._ and _Executive Engineer, Dhenkalal Minor Irrigation Division, Orissa and others vs. N._ C. _Budhraj (deceased) By /rs. And others[5 ]_ will require specific notice. The true ratio laid 4. (1992) 1 sec 508. H 5. (2001) 2 sec 121. TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR. _v._ JAi 827 PRAKASH ASSO. LTD. [RANJAN GOGOi, J.] down in the aforesaid two judgments have been elaborately A considered in a more recent pronouncement of this court in the case of _Union of India_ vs. _Krafters Engineers and Leasing Private Limited.[6 ]_ In _Krafters Engineers's_ case (supra) the ratio of the decision in G.C. Roy's case (supra) was identified to mean that if the agreement between the parties does not B prohibit grant of interest and the claim of a party to interest is referred to the arbitrator, the arbitrator would have the power to award the interest. This is on the basis that in such a case of silence (where the agreement is silent) it must be presumed that interest was an implied term of the agreement and, c therefore, whether such a claim is tenable can be examined by the arbitrator in the reference made to him. The aforesaid view, specifically, is with regard to _pendente lite_ interest. In the subsequent decision of the Constitution Bench in _N._ C. _Budhraj's_ case (supra) a similar view has been taken with D regard to interest for the pre reference period. 14. In _Krafters Engineers'_ case (supra) the somewhat discordant note struck by the decisions of this court in _Board of Trustees for the Port of Calcutta_ vs. _Engineers-De-SpaceAge7_ and _Madnani Construction Corporation Private Limited_ E vs. _Union of India and others[8 ]_ were also taken note of. Thereafter, it was also noticed that the decision in _EngineersDe-Space-Age's_ case _(supra)_ was considered in _Sayeed Ahmed_ & Co. vs. _State of Uttar Pradesh_ & Ors[9] . and the decision in _Madnani Construction_ case (supra) was F considered in _Sree Kamatchi Amman Constructions_ vs. _Divisional, Railway manager (Works), Pa/ghat and others'[0] •_ In _Sayeed Ahmed's_ case (supra) (para 24) it was held that in the light of the decision of the Constitution bench in GC Roy's G 6. (1992) 1 sec 508. 7. (1996) 1 sec 516. 8. (201 o) 1 sec 549. 9. (2009) 12 sec 26. 10. (2010) 8 sec 767. H 828 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2012) 8 S.C.R. - A case and NC _Budhraj's_ case it is doubtful whether the observations in _Engineers-de-Space-Age's case_ (supra) to the effect that the Arbitrator could award interest _pendente lite,_ ignoring the express bar in the contract, is good law. In _Sree Kamatchi Amman Constructions's_ case(Supra) while - s considering _Madnani's_ case (supra) this court noted that the decision in Madnani's case follows the decision in _Engineersde-Space-Age's case_ (supra). 15. From the above discussions, it is crystal clear that insofar as _pendente lite_ interest is concerned, the observations C contained in Para 43 and 44 of the judgment in GC _Roy's case (supra)_ will hold the field. Though the gist of the said principle has been noticed earlier it would still be appropriate to set out para 44 of the judgment in G.C. _Roy's_ case (supra) which is in the following terms : D " 44. Having regard to the above consideration, we think that the following is the correct principle which should be followed in this behalf. - Where the agreement between the parties do~ not - E prohibit grant of interest and where a party claims interest and that dispute (along with the claim for principal amount or independently) is referred to the arbitrator, he shall have the power to award interest pendent elite. This is for the reason that in such a case it must be presumed that - F interest was an implied term of the agreement between the parties and therefore when the parties refer all their disputes - or refer the dispute as to interest as such - to the arbitrator, he shall have the power to award interest. This does not mean that in every case the arbitrator should - G necessarily award interest pendent elite. It is a matter within his discretion to be exercised in the light of all the facts and circumstances of the case, keeping the ends of justice in view." - H 16. The provisions of the UP Civil (Reforms and TEHRI HYDRO DEV. CORPN. LTD.& ANR. _v._ JAi 829 PRAKASH ASSO. LTD. [RANJAN GOGOi, J.) Amendment) Act amending the First Schedule to the Arbitration A Act, 1940 does not assist the respondent - contractor in any manner to sustain the claim of award of interest _pendente lite,_ inasmuch, as paragraph ?A to the First Schedule, as amended, is only an enabling provision which will have no application to a situation where there is an express bar to the entertainment B or payment of interest on the delayed payment either of an amount due for the work done or of an amount lying in deposit as security. The decision in _BN Agarwal/a's_ case (supra) on which reliance has been placed by the learned counsel for the respondent, once again, does not assist the claim of the c respondent to interest _pendente life_ inasmuch as in _BN Agarwalla's_ case (supra) the views of the Constitution Bench in GC _Roy's_ case (supra) with regard to interest _pendente lite_ could not have been and, infact, were not even remotely doubted. The obseNation of the bench in _B.N. Agarwalla's_ case D that in G. _C.Roy's_ case (supra) the decision in _Executive Eningeer (Irrigation), Balime/a and others vs. Abhaduta Jena and others[1] '_ was not overruled was only in the context of the issue of award of interest for the pre reference period. The decision in _Asian Techs Limited case (supra)_ also relied on E by the respondent takes note of the decision in _Engineers-DeSpace-Age_ case (supra) to come to the conclusion the prohibition on payment of interest contained in clause 11 of the agreement between the parties was qua the department and did not bar the Arbitrator from entertaining the claim. It has F already been noticed that the correctness of the propositions laid down in _Engineers-De-Space-Age_ case (supra) have been doubted in the subsequent decisions of this court, reference to which has already been made. F 17. Clauses 1.2.14 and 1.2.15, already extracted and G analysed, imposed a clear bar on either entertainment or payment of interest in any situation of non payment or delayed payment of either the amounts due for work done or lying in H 11. (1988) 1 sec 418. (2012] 8 S.C.R. ## 830 SUPREME COURT REPORTS - A security deposit. On the basis of the discussions that have preceded we, therefore, take the view that the grant of _pendente lite_ interest on the claim of Rs.10,17,461/- is not justified. The award as well as the orders of the courts below are accordingly modified to the aforesaid extent. ## B - . 18. However, the grant of interest for the post-award period - would stand on a somewhat different footing. This very issue has been elaborately considered by this Court in _B.N. Agarwal/a (supra)_ in the light of the provisions of Section 29 of the Arbitration Act, 1940. Eventually this Court took the view that - C in a situation where the award passed by the arbitrator granting interest from the date of the award till the date of payment is not modified by the Court " ..... the effect would be as if the Court itself had granted interest from the date of the decree till the date of payment. .. " In view of the above, the grant of interest - D on the amount of Rs.10, 17,461/-from the date of the award till the date of the decree or date of payment, whichever is earlier, is upheld. In the facts of the case we are of the view that the rate of interest should be 12% per annum as determined in the arbitration proceeding between the parties. ## E 19. In view of the foregoing discussions we allow this appeal in part and modify the order of the High Court dated 20th July, 2006 as indicated above. B.B.B. Appeal partly allowed.