State of Uttar Pradesh v. Sonu Kushwaha

**[2023] 10 S.C.R. 993 : 2023 INSC 603** 993 **==> picture [74 x 8] intentionally omitted <==** A **==> picture [8 x 6] intentionally omitted <==** SONU KUSHWAHA (Criminal Appeal No. 1633 of 2023) JULY 05, 2023 B ## **[ABHAY S. OKA AND RAJESH BINDAL, JJ.]** _Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012: ss. 6, 5 clause (m) – Aggravated penetrative sexual assault – Punishment for – Prosecution case that accused had put his penis into mouth of the victim aged about 10 years and discharged semen – Conviction u/s. 377 and 506 IPC and s. 5 r/w s. 6 of the POCSO Act, and sentenced accordingly – However, the High Court held that the act committed by the accused was of penetrative sexual assault punishable u/s. 4 and reduced the sentence – Correctness of – Held: Accused committed an offence of aggravated penetrative sexual assault as he has committed penetrative sexual assault on a child below twelve years – Clause (m) of s. 5, whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child below twelve years, is guilty of committing aggravated penetrative sexual assault, is attracted – Furthermore, though the law provides for a minimum sentence, the crime committed by the accused is very gruesome which calls for very stringent punishment – Thus, the impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside and that of the trial court is restored._ _Scope and ambit of – Held: POCSO Act was enacted to provide more stringent punishments for the offences of child abuse of various kinds – Hence, minimum punishments have been prescribed in ss. 4, 6, 8 and 10 for various categories of sexual assaults on children – s. 6 on its plain language, leaves no discretion to the Court and there is no option but to impose the minimum sentence – ss. 4, 6, 8 and 10._ ## **Allowing the appeal, the Court** C D E F G **HELD: 1.1 The respondent committed an offence of aggravated penetrative sexual assault as he has committed penetrative sexual assault on a child below twelve years. Clause (m) of Section 5 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences** H 993 994 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2023] 10 S.C.R. - A **Act, 2012 is attracted in the instant case. On the date of the commission of the offence, rigorous imprisonment for ten years was the minimum sentence prescribed for the offence of aggravated penetrative sexual assault. From 16th August 2019, the minimum sentence has been enhanced to twenty years. However, the amended provision would not apply to this case as** - B **the incident has taken place prior to 16th August 2019. [Paras 9 and 10][999-A-D]** - **1.2 The High Court held that Section 5 was not applicable,** - **and the offence committed by the respondent falls under the category of a lesser offence of penetrative sexual assault, which** - C **is punishable u/s. 4 of the POCSO Act. Thus, the High Court committed an error by holding that the act committed by the respondent was not an aggravated penetrative sexual assault. In fact, the Special Court was right in punishing the respondent u/ s.6 and sentencing him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for** - D **ten years with a fine of Rs.5,000/. [Para 11][999-E-F]** - **1.3 The POCSO Act was enacted to provide more stringent** - **punishments for the offences of child abuse of various kinds and that is why minimum punishments have been prescribed in Sections 4, 6, 8 and 10 of the POCSO Act for various categories** - E **of sexual assaults on children. Hence, Section 6, on its plain language, leaves no discretion to the Court and there is no option but to impose the minimum sentence as done by the trial court. When a penal provision uses the phraseology “shall not be less than….”, the Courts cannot do offence to the Section and impose** - F **a lesser sentence. The Courts are powerless to do that unless there is a specific statutory provision enabling the Court to impose a lesser sentence. However, there is no such provision in the POCSO Act. Thus, notwithstanding the fact that the respondent may have moved ahead in life after undergoing the sentence as modified by the High Court, there is no question of showing any** - G **leniency to him. Apart from the fact that the law provides for a minimum sentence, the crime committed by the respondent is very gruesome which calls for very stringent punishment. The impact of the obnoxious act on the mind of the victim-child will** H STATE OF U.P. v. SONU KUSHWAHA 995 **be life-long. The impact is bound to adversely affect the healthy growth of the victim. There is no dispute that the age of the victim was less than twelve years at the time of the incident. Therefore, there is no option but to set aside the impugned judgment of the High Court and restore the judgment of the trial court. The impugned judgment and order passed by the High Court is quashed and set aside and the judgment and order passed by the Special Judge POCSO Act is restored. The respondent would undergo rigorous imprisonment for ten years for the offence punishable under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-. [Paras 12 and 13][1000-A-C; D-E]** CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No.1633 of 2023. A B C From the Judgment and Order dated 18.11.2021 of the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in CRLA No. 5415 of 2018. Krishnanand Pandeya, Harah Pratap Shahi, Advs. for the Appellant. D Satish Pandey, Abdul Qadir, Akbar Ali, Advs. for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ## **ABHAY S. OKA, J.** E ## **FACTUAL ASPECTS** 1. The only question involved in this appeal is whether the respondent is guilty of an offence of aggravated penetrative sexual assault punishable under Section 6 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (for short, ‘the POCSO Act’). 2. The respondent–accused was prosecuted for the offences punishable under Sections 377 and 506 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short, ‘IPC’) and Section 5 read with Section 6 of the POCSO Act. The learned 8[th] Additional Sessions Judge, Jhansi who was the Special Judge under the POCSO Act convicted the respondent for all three offences. The respondent was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for ten years for the offence punishable under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and was directed to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-. The respondent was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for seven F G H 996 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2023] 10 S.C.R. - A years for the offence punishable under Section 377 of IPC. For the offence punishable under Section 506 of IPC, he was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year. For the last two offences, a fine was also imposed. 3. The respondent preferred Criminal Appeal No.5415 of 2018 B before the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad. By the impugned judgment, the High Court held that the respondent was guilty of the offence of penetrative sexual assault punishable under Section 4 of the POCSO Act and not the offence of aggravated penetrative sexual assault punishable under Section 6 of the POCSO Act. Therefore, his substantive sentence for the offence punishable under the POCSO Act was brought C down to imprisonment for seven years with a fine of Rs.5,000/-. Only to this extent, the appeal was allowed. 4. It is not disputed that the age of the victim was less than twelve years at the time of the commission of the offence. The facts of the case have been summarised by the High Court in paragraph 3 of the D impugned judgment, which reads thus: “ **3.** Tersely put, the case of the prosecution is that the complainant XYZ lodged an F.I.R. against the appellant Sonu Kushwaha on 26.03.2016 at Chirgaon, District Jhansi stating therein that on 22.03.2016, at about 05:00 hours in the evening, appellant Sonu E Kushwaha came to complainant’s house and took his son aged about 10 years in the temple at Hardaul. There appellant gave Rs.20 to complainant’s son i.e. victim and said to suck his penis. Appellant Sonu Kushwaha put his penis into the mouth of the victim. Thereafter, victim came to the house having that Rs.20. F At this, complainant’s nephew Santosh asked to victim that from where he got Rs.20, then victim told the entire happening occurred with him. Appellant also threatened the victim not to disclose about the incident to anybody.” - In paragraph 16, the High Court has recorded findings based on - G the evidence adduced by the prosecution. The relevant portion of paragraph 16 reads thus: “ **16.** The proved facts of the case are that the appellant put his penis into mouth of the victim aged about 10 years and discharged semen therein. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..” H STATE OF U.P. v. SONU KUSHWAHA [ABHAY S. OKA, J.] 997 This finding has not been assailed by the respondent-accused as A he did not challenge the order of the High Court. After recording the said finding, the High Court concluded that the act committed by the respondent was of penetrative sexual assault which was punishable under Section 4 of the POCSO Act. ## **SUBMISSIONS** 5. The learned counsel appearing for the appellant–State of Uttar Pradesh has invited our attention to the definition of ‘penetrative sexual assault’ under clause (a) of Section 3 of the POCSO Act. The learned counsel also pointed out that under clause (m) of Section 5, whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child below twelve years, is guilty of committing aggravated penetrative sexual assault. He would, therefore, submit that the High Court has committed an error by holding that Section 6, which applies to aggravated penetrative sexual assault, was not applicable. 6. The learned counsel appearing for the respondent–accused submitted that the respondent has already undergone the sentence of seven years as modified by the High Court. He submitted that now the respondent is completely reformed. He also stated that the respondent has moved ahead in life and in fact, recently he got married. He would, therefore, submit that it would be unjust at this stage to apply Section 6 of the POCSO Act and send the respondent to jail to undergo further sentence. B C D E ## **OUR VIEW** 7. There is no dispute about the correctness of the finding recorded in paragraph 16 of the impugned judgment of the High Court, which we have quoted above. In this context, it is necessary to note the definition of ‘penetrative sexual assault’ incorporated in Section 3 of the POCSO Act. Clause (a) of Section 3 reads thus: - **“3. Penetrative Sexual Assault.-** A person is said to commit “penetrative sexual assault” if – F G - (a) he penetrates his penis, to any extent, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of a child or makes the child to do so with him or any other person; or - (b) - .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. H 998 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2023] 10 S.C.R. A (c) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (d) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..” 8. Section 2(a) of the POCSO Act provides that ‘aggravated penetrative sexual assault’ has the same meaning as assigned to it in Section 5. Therefore, we come to Section 5, which defines ‘aggravated B penetrative sexual assault’. Clause (m) of Section 5 reads thus: - **“5.Aggravated Penetrative Sexual Assault. –** C D E (a) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (b) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (c) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (d) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (e) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (f) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - (g) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (h) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (i) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (j) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (k) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - (l) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (m) whoever commits penetrative sexual assault on a child below twelve years; or F G H - (n) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (o) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (p) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (q) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (r) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (s) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (t) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (u) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .., is said to commit aggravated penetrative sexual assault” STATE OF U.P. v. SONU KUSHWAHA [ABHAY S. OKA, J.] 999 9. Considering the finding recorded in paragraph 16 of the impugned A judgment, obviously in this case, the respondent has committed an offence of aggravated penetrative sexual assault as he has committed penetrative sexual assault on a child below twelve years. Clause (m) of Section 5 is attracted in this case. 10. Section 6, as applicable before its substitution on 16th August 2019, read thus: “ **6. Punishment for aggravated penetrative sexual assault.—** Whoever, commits aggravated penetrative sexual assault, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.” On the date of the commission of the offence, rigorous imprisonment for ten years was the minimum sentence prescribed for the offence of aggravated penetrative sexual assault. From 16[th] August 2019, the minimum sentence has been enhanced to twenty years. However, the amended provision will not apply to this case as the incident has taken place prior to 16[th] August 2019. 11. Surprisingly, the High Court has observed that Section 5 was not applicable, and the offence committed by the respondent falls under the category of a lesser offence of penetrative sexual assault, which is punishable under Section 4 of the POCSO Act. Thus, the High Court committed an obvious error by holding that the act committed by the respondent was not an aggravated penetrative sexual assault. In fact, the Special Court was right in punishing the respondent under Section 6 and sentencing him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for ten years with a fine of Rs.5,000/-. 12. The POCSO Act was enacted to provide more stringent punishments for the offences of child abuse of various kinds and that is why minimum punishments have been prescribed in Sections 4, 6, 8 and 10 of the POCSO Act for various categories of sexual assaults on children. Hence, Section 6, on its plain language, leaves no discretion to the Court and there is no option but to impose the minimum sentence as done by the Trial Court. When a penal provision uses the phraseology “shall not be less than….”, the Courts cannot do offence to the Section and impose a lesser sentence. The Courts are powerless to do that unless there is a specific statutory provision enabling the Court to impose a B C D E F G H 1000 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2023] 10 S.C.R. - A lesser sentence. However, we find no such provision in the POCSO Act. Therefore, notwithstanding the fact that the respondent may have moved ahead in life after undergoing the sentence as modified by the High Court, there is no question of showing any leniency to him. Apart from the fact that the law provides for a minimum sentence, the crime committed by the respondent is very gruesome which calls for very - B stringent punishment. The impact of the obnoxious act on the mind of the victim-child will be life-long. The impact is bound to adversely affect the healthy growth of the victim. There is no dispute that the age of the victim was less than twelve years at the time of the incident. Therefore, we have no option but to set aside the impugned judgment of the High - C Court and restore the judgment of the Trial Court. 13. Accordingly, the appeal is allowed. The impugned judgment and order dated 18[th] November 2021 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in Criminal Appeal No.5415 of 2018 is quashed and set aside and the judgment and order dated 24[th] August 2018 passed D by the learned 8[th] Additional Sessions Judge, Special Judge POCSO Act, Jhansi in Special Session Trial No.134 of 2016 is restored. Accordingly, Criminal Appeal No.5415 of 2018 filed before the High Court stands dismissed. The respondent shall undergo rigorous imprisonment for ten years for the offence punishable under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and shall pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-. We direct the E respondent to surrender before the learned Special Judge under the POCSO Act, Jhansi within a maximum period of one month. On his surrender, the Special Court shall send the respondent to prison for undergoing the remaining sentence for the offence punishable under Section 6 of the POCSO Act. On failure of the respondent to surrender F within one month from today, the Special Court shall forthwith issue a non-bailable warrant against the respondent and ensure that the respondent is committed to prison for undergoing the remaining sentence for the offence punishable under Section 6 of the POCSO Act. A copy of this judgment shall be immediately forwarded to the Special Court. G H Nidhi Jain (Assisted by : Varun Dhond, LCRA) Appeal allowed.