State of Uttar Pradesh and Ors. v. Vijay Shanker Tripathi

A ## ST A TE OF UTT AR PRADESH AND ORS. # _v._ VIJA Y SHANKER TRIPATHI JULY 20, 2005 [ARIJIT PASAYAT AND H.K. SEMA, JJ.] B ## _Service Law:_ _Constitution of India, 1950; Article 3J/(2):_ c _Termination of services of an employee by employer without following the due procedure as indicated under Article 311(2)-Legality of termination order-Challenge to-Dismissed by Tribunal holding that the order of termination was a terminator simpliciter and Article 311(2) not attractedReversed by High Court-On appeal, Held: The question whether enquiry_ D _purportedly held before passing termination order was motive or the f oondation was required to be considered by the High Court-Since High_ ' _Court failed to express any opinion on the merits of the case, the matter is remitted to High Court for consideration afresh._ The services of the respondent were terminated after serving him notice E as his services were no longer required. Such termination was questioned before the State Public Service Tribu~al. The claim was dismissed by the Tribunal holding that the order of termination was a termination simpliciter and no stigma was attached and that Article 311 (2) of the Constitution was not attracted. The order was challenged by the employee. The High Court set aside the order of termination on the ground that Article 311(2) of the F Constitution is required to be followed even while terminating the services of a temporary Government employee. Hence the present appeal. ## Disposing of the appeal, the Court > Held: The High court did not consider the question of stigma or the G effect of any enquiry held before the order of termination was passed. The > question whether the enquiry purportedly held was the motive or the foundation was required to be considered by the High Court in detail. The Order of the High Court is without expressing any opinion on the merits of 749 H 750 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] SUPP. 1 S.C.R. A the case, hence set. aside and remitted to the High Court for fr~sh consideration. [751-D, F] _Dhananjay_ v. _Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad, Jaina,_ (2003] 2 SCC 386; _Mathew P. Thomas_ v. _Kera/a State Civil supply Corporation Limited and Ors.,_ [2003] 3 SCC 263; _Dipti Prakash Banerjee_ v. _Satyendra_ B _Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Calcutta_ [1999) 3 SCC 60 and _Pavanendra Narayan Verma_ v. _Sanjay Gandhi PG/ of Medical Sciences,_ (2002] 1 sec 520, referred to. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 5242 of2002. c From the Judgment and Order dated 5.11.99 of the Allahabad High· Court in C.M.W.P. No. 28767 ofl998. Mrs. Alka Agrawal, Garvesh Kabra and Ravi Prakash Mehrotra for the Appellants. D Yatish Mohan and VishwajirSingh for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. Heard learned counsel for the parties. ## E The service of the respondent was terminated by an order dated 16.08.1988. It was indicated that his services were no longer required and, therefore, notice was given with the requisite one month pay and allowance. Such termination was questioned before the State Public Service Tribunal, Uttar Pradesh (in short 'the Tribunal'). The Claim petition No. 337N/89 was F _dismissed holding that the order of termination was a termination simpliciter and no stigma was attached. It was found that there were certain allegations and the respondent-employee had more or less accepted the allegations. The order of termination was, therefore, neither attached with any stigma nor was visited by any punitive character. Accordingly, it was held that Article 311(2) of the Constitution of India, 1950 (in short 'the Constitution') was not G attracted. The respondent-employee filed a writ petition only on the ground that Article 311(2) of the Constitution was required to be followed in the case of temporary government servants. High Court was of the view that Article 311 (2) is required to be followed even in case of temporary Government employees. Accordingly, the order of termination was set aside and the writ H petition was allowed. STATEOFU.P. _v._ VIJAYSHANKERTRIPATHL[PASAYAT,J.] 751 In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellant-State and its A functionaries submitted that the basic issue before the High Court was whether the order of termination was a termination simpliciter or there was any stigma attached. There is no quarrel to the proposition that Article 311 (2) is attracted to temporary government servants. But whether on the facts of the case, the order of termination was legal, was not tested by the High Court. It was B pointed out that there is nothing in the order of termination which even remotely shows any stigma and, therefore, the High Court was not justified in ignoring this aspect and allowing the writ petition. Learned-counsel for the respondent, on the order hand, submitted that before the ord_er of termination, an enquiry was purportedly conducted and some materials were taken on record. Without granting any opportunity to the respondent herein and C without holding an enquiry, the order of termination was passed. According to him, the enquiry report was both the motive and the foundation for the order of termination. We find that the High Court did not consider the question of stigma or the effect of any enquiry held before the order of termination was passed. The D question whether the enquiry purportedly held was the motive or the foundation was required to be considered by t~e High Court in detail. That has not been done. The question whether termination of service is simpliciter or punitive has been examined in several cases e.g. _Dhananjay_ v. _Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad, Ja/na,_ [2003] 2 SCC 386 and _Mathew P._ E _Thomas_ v. _Kera/a State Civil Supply Corporation Limited and Ors.,_ [2003] 3 SCC 263. An order of termination simpliciter passed during the period of probation has been generating undying debate. The recent two decisions of this Court in _Dipti Prakash Banerjee_ v. _Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Calcutta,_ [1999] 3 SCC 60 and _Pavanendra Narayan Verma_ v. _Sanjay Gandhi PG! of Medical Sciences,_ [2002] I SCC 520 after F survey of most of the earlier decisions touching the question observed as to when an order of termination can be. treated as simpliciter and when it can be treated as punitive and when a stigma is said to be attached to an employee discharged during the period of probation. The learned counsel on either side referred to and relied on these decisions either in support of their respective contentions or to distinguish them for the purpose of application G of the principles stated therein to the facts of the present case. In the case of _Dipti Prakash Banerjee_ after referring to various decisions indicated as to when a simple order of termination is to be treated as "founded" on the allegations of misconduct and when complaints could be only as a motive for passing such a simple order of termination. In para-21 of the said judgment H 752 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2005) SUPP. I S.C.R. ') j B c D E A a distinction is explained, thus: "If findings were arrived at in an enquiry as to misconduct, behind the back of the officer or without a regular departmental enquiry, the simple order of termination is to be treated as 'founded' on the allegations and will be bad. But if the enquiry was not held, no findings were arrived at and the employer was not inclined to conduct an enquiry but, at the same time, he did not want to continue the employee against whom there were complaints, it would only be a case of motive and the order would not be bad. Similar is the position if the employer did not want to enquire into the truth of the allegations because of delay in regular departmental proceedings or he was doubtful about securing adequate evidence. In such a circumstance, the allegations would be a motive and not the foundation and the simple order of termination would be valid. From a long line of decisions it appears to us that whether an order of termination is simpiciter or punitive has ultimately to be decided having due regard to the facts and circumstances of each case. Many a times the distinction between the foundation an~ motive in relation to an order of termination either is thin or overlapping. It may be difficult either to categorize or classify strictly orders of termination simpliciter falling in one or the other category, based on misconduct as foundation for passing the order of termination simpliciter or on motive on the ground of unsuitability to continue in service." Therefore, without expressing any opinion on the merits of the case, we set aside the order of the High Court, remit the matter to the High Court for fresh consideration. It appears that counter affidavit was . not filed by the F appellant-State and its functionaries before the High Court. The same shall be filed within six weeks. If it is not filed, then, the High Court shall proceed on the materials before it. If any counter is filed and the respondent-employee wants to file any further affidavit, adequate time shall be granted by the High Court to the respondent-employee. G The appeal is, accordingly, disposed of with no order as to cost. S.K.S. Appeal disposed of.