STATE OF MANIPUR AND ANR. v. KSH. MOIRANGNINTHOU SINGH AND ORS.

- - .>l, # STATE OF MANIPUR AND ANR. v. # KSH. MOIRANGNINTHOU SINGH AND ORS. FEBRUARY 26, 2007 _.,,,, [S.B. SINHA AND MARKANDEY KA TJU, JJ.] _Manipur Home Guards Act, 1966-ss. 4(4)_ & _8-Manipur Home Guards Rules, 1981-rr. 3,_ 7 & _8-Writ petitions seeking regularisation of services as Home Guards and for grant of regular pay scales-Allowed by High_ c _Court-Correctness of-Held, not correct-Initial appointment for Home Guard is for 3 years-Subsequent re-appointment is at the discretion of the Commandant-Home Guards is a voluntary reserve force to be utilised in emergencies-Not a service like police, para military force or army-Service Law-Regularisation._ D _Home Guards Acts of various States-Where provisions of the Act not strictly followed-Suggestion to Central Government to consider not releasing fonds for Home Guards in such States._ Respondents filed several writ petitions for regularisation of their E services as Home Guards and for grant of regular pay scales. High Court allowed the petitions and directed the State Government to regularise the services of Respondents and to grant them all service benefits, including pensionary benefits, as payable to Government employees holding civil posts. Hence the present appeals. F ## Allowing the appeals, the Court HELD:l. In view of the Constitution Bench judgment of this Court in _Secretary, State of Karnataka and Ors._ v. _Uma Devi and Ors.,_ this Court cannot direct regularization in service. Since the Court has no power to direct G regularization, it also follows that it has no power to direct grant of benefits payable to the regular employees. (Para 7117-EI _Secretary, State of Karnataka and Ors._ v. _Uma Devi and Ors.,_ (20061 4 SCC I, followed. H 193 SUPREME COURT REPORTS 194 [2007] 3 S.C.R. A B 2. A perusal of the provisions of the Manipur Home Guards Act, 1966 and Manipur Home Guards Rules, 1981 show that the Home Guards was meant to be a reserve force which was to be utilized in emergencies, but it was not a service like the police, para military force or army; and there is no right in a member to continue till the age of 55 years. The initial appointment is for 3 years after which it is at the discretion of the Commandant (subject to approval of the Commandant General) to reappoint a member of the Home Guards, or not. The concept of Home Guards was of a voluntary citizen force as auxiliary to the police for maintaining law and order and for meeting emergencies like floods, fires, famine etc. and for civil defence. (Paras 12, 13 and 14) (196-F-G-H) .... *--- c _Rajesh Mishra_ v. _Govt. of NCT of Delhi,_ 98 (2002) DLT 624 (DB), approved. D (The Court observed that the Home Guards Act in several States appears to be misused, and so the Central Government may consider not releasing funds for the Home Guards in a State where the provisions of the Act are not being strictly followed. f CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1897-1901 of E 2006. From the Judgment and final Order dated 9.6.99 of the Gauhati High Court in Writ Appeal Nos. 97 of 1995 and 14 to 17 of 1996. '- _f_ V.N. Ganpule, Khwairakpam Nobin Singh and S. Biswajit Meitei for the Appellants. F G.E. Vahanvati Sol. Gen., S.K. Bhattacharya, L.K. Paonam, Ajay Kumar Porwal, Devadatt Kamat, Harishikesh Baruah and Sushma Suri for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by G MARKANDEY KAT JU, J. 1. These appeals have been filed against the impugned judgment of the Guwahati High Court, Imphal Bench dated 9.6.1999 in Writ Appeal Nos. 97of1995 and 14 to 17of1996. ,"- - 2. Heard learned counsel for the Parties and perused the record. H STATE OF MAN!PUR v. KSH. MOIRANGNINTHOU SINGH [KA}JU, J.] 195 _, ) ---i 3. It appears that the respondents had filed several writ petitions in the A Guwahati High Court _inter alia_ praying that their services be regularized in the Home Guards and that they be given regular pay scales. 4. The learned Single Judge by his Judgment directed the state Government to regularize the services of the writ petitioners and to grant them all service benefits, including pensionary benefits, as are payable to government B employees holding civil posts. The learned Single Judge also directed that the serices of the employees who have put in 10 years' of service in the Home Guards should be regularized. The learned Single Judge further directed amendment of the Rules and the Act. c 5. Against the said judgment of the learned Single Judge an appeal was ti led before the Division Bench. 6. The Division Bench held that the learned Single Judge had no power to direct amendment of the Act and the Rules, and we fully agree with this view since the Act can be amended only by the Legislature and the Rules D can only be amended by the State Government, or the empowered under the Manipur Home Guards Act, 194 7. However, the Division Bench upheld the other directions given in the Judgment of the learned Single Judge. 7. We are of the opinion that in view of the Constitution Bench Judgment E of this Court in _Secretary, State of Karna/aka and Ors._ v. _Uma Devi and Ors.,_ [2006] 4 SCC 1, this Court cannot direct regularization in service. Since the Court has no power to direct regularization, it also follows that it has no power to direct grant of benefits payable to the regular employees. 8. It may be noted that home Guards Act has been constituted as a F voluntary organization for service in emergencies and hence it cannot be treated at par with other organizations like the army, para military organizations or the civil police. 9. We have carefully perused the Manipur Home Guards Act, 1996.Section 4( 4) of the Act States as under: "Subject to any rules made in this behalf, a Home Guard shall be required to serve the Home Gaurds organizations (including the period spent in training) which period may be extended by the Government to such further period as it may consider necessary, and a Home H 196 [2007] 3 S.C.R. ## SUPREME COURT REPORTS A Guard shall thereafter serve in the reserve force of Home Guards constituted as hereinafter provided for a period of three years and shall, while serving in such reserve force, be liable to be called out for duty at any time." I 0. Section 8 states: ## B "The Home Guards may be called out in aid of the police force and when they are so called out they shall be under the control of the officers of the police force in such manner and to such extent as may be prescribed." c 11. Learned counsel for the respondents has invited our attention to Rule 3 of the Rules which states that no person shall be appointed as a member of the Home Guards unless he has attained the age of 20 years arid has not completed the age of 50 years. Learned counsel submitted that ·this means that a member of the Home Guard has a right to continue till the age D of 50 years. We do not agree. The 50-years age is the maximum limit after which a member of the Home Guards cannot be appointed. Rule 7 of the Manipur Home Guards Rules 1981 states that the term of office of a member of the Home Guards shall be 3 years, but once appointed he shall be eligible for re-appointment. However, Rule 8 states that a member of the Home Guards E can continue to be such a member until he attains the age of 55 years. Hence, the initial term of appointment of a member of the Home Guards can only be three years, and he can be reappointed from time to time, but he cannot continue after the age of 55 years. _f_ 12. A perusal of the provisions of the Home Guards Act and Rules show F that the Home Guards was meant to be a reserve force which was to be utilized in emergencies, but it was not a service like the police, para military force, or army, and there is no right in a member to continue till the age of 55 years. We approve the view taken by the Delhi High Court in _Rajesh Mishra_ v. _Govt. of NCT of Delhi_ 98 (2002) DL T 624 (DB). ## G 13. The initial appointment is for 3 years after which it is at the discreation of the Commandent (subject to approval of the Commandant General) to reappoint a member of the H6riie Guards, or not. 14. The concept of Home Guards was of a voluntary citizen force as H auxiliary to the police for maintaining law and order and for meeting emergencies like floods, fires, famine etc. and for civil defence. ## STATE OF MANIPUR _v._ KSH. MOIRANGNINTHOU SINGH (KATJU, J.) 197 15. For the reasons given above these appeals are allowed and the A impugned judgment of the Division Bench as well as of the learned Single Judge are set aside and the writ petitions filed in the Guwahati High Court are dismissed. There shall be no order as to costs. 16. Before parting with this case, we would like to observe that the Home Guards Ac~ in several States appears to be misused. Hence, the Central B Government may consider not releasing funds for the Home Guards in a State where the provisions of the Act are not being strictly followed. B.B.B . Appeals allowed. .\ '