State of Maharashtra & Ors v. Man Singh Surat Singh Padvi & Ors

856 A B #### c D E F G H _West Khandesh Mehwassl_ _Estate (Proprietary_ _Rights_ _Abolition_ _etc.)_ _ReRulation,_ 1951 _included in the Ninth_ _ScheduTe_ _as_ _Item 155-Constitutional.'_ _validity_ _is_ _no longer open on the_ ~round _of_ _violation_ _of_ _Art_ 19'(1)(f), _whe11_ _once_ _it_ _is_ _included_ _in_ _the protective umbrella_ _of_ _the_ _1\linth_ _Schedule._ There were six estates of Tribal Chiefs called LMehwassi Estates'· in West Khandesh district. The Bombay Land Revenue Code, 1879 was made appli.cable to the Mehwassi Estates by s. 3 of_ the West Khandesh Mehwas'H Estates Regulation, 1949, and Section 4 of this Regulation also made appllcable all other Acts .passed by the Central or the State Legislatures which were in force in other parts of West Khandesh District. This included, intJ?r _alia,_ the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948·, which was amended from time to time. Respondent No. I the owner of one suc:h Estate, namely, Kathi Estate became an occupant of the agricultural lands forming part of the Estates as a result ; of the application of the Bombay Land Revenue Code and the persollSI who were cultivating these lands under him became his tenants, and their relationship was governed by the Tenancy' Act, 1948. By virtue of ss. 32. to 32R of the Tenancy Act as amended by Bombay Act 13 of 1956 and the order dated 31st March, 1957, the tenant& of the 1st respondent became the "deemed purchasers" of the' lands held by them on 1st April, 1957 and the 1st respondent ceased to be the owner and became entitled . to receive from his. permanent ttnants a purchase price eq11al to six times the rent of the lands and from his ordinary tenants, a purchase price betWeen twenty to eighty times the assessment. By reason of a la.ter amendment to the Tenancy Act, adding s.880, with retrospective effect from 1st August, 1956 the old relationship was restored so that the tenants did not become deemed purchasers" of the lands and the first respondent did pot cease to be the owner of such lands. As a result of ~the passing of Vfest Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regula·don 1961 and a Notification of the Governor of Bombay dt. 24th February, J.'162, conferrinJ~ occupancy rights of inferior holders on the tenants and abolishing the proprietary rights of the holder of the Mehwassi Estates, the tenant-5 of the I st respondent became the occupant& of the land held by them and the• !st ,respondent was deprived of all his right& and he ceased to be entitled to receive anything from his inferior holders, the purchase price receivable~ by him from his permanent tenants was reduced from six times the rent,to 1hree times the assessment and from his other tenants, he became entitled to re•::elve only purchase price at six times the assessment instead of twenty to eighty times the assessment. The 1st respondent chall~nged the constitutional validity of these legisla:~ tive measures and the High Court struck them down on the ground that they violated the fundamental right of the !st respondent under Art. 19(1 )(f) and they were not protected by ·Art. 3 lA of the Constitution. During the pendency of 'the said appeal !>Y certificate, the 1961 Regulation was included in the Ninth Schedule. as Item No. 155. Allowing the appeal by certificate the Court _HEW_ : The effect of the inclusion in the Ninth Schedule was that the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regula STATE OF MAHARASIDRA & ORS. _v._ MAN SINGH SURAT SINGH PADVI & ORS, _February_ 14, 1978 [M. H. BEG, C. J., P. N. BHAGWATI, V. R. KRISHNA IYER, S. MURTAZA FAZAL ALI, P. N. SHINGHAL, JASWANT S1NGH AND V. D. TULZAPURKAR, JJ.] >-- ## L MAHARASHTRA _v._ MAN SINGH _(Bhagwati,_ J.) 857 ##### • **ition,** **1961** **was** **immunised from challenge on the** **ground** **that** **it** **was inconsis-** **A** **ient** **with** **or took away or** **abridged** **a.ny** **of the** **rights** **conferred** **by** **Part** **JII** of the Constitution and hence its constitutional validity could no longer be assailed on the ground that it violated Art. 19(1)(f). Article 3!B and the Ninth Schedule cured the defect, if any, in the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regulation Act 1961 as regards **any unconstitutionality alleged on the ground of infringement of fundamental** **rights** **and** **by the** **expre·ss** **words** **of** **Art. 31B, such curing** **of** **the** **defect took** **'Place** **with retrospective operation from** **the** **date on which this regulation** **was** **enacted** **by** **the** **Governor. This Regulation, even** **if** **inoperative or void at** **B** **the** **time when** **it** **was** **issued** **by** **the Governor on account of infringement** **of** Art. 19(1)(f) of the Constitution assumed full force and vigour from the **.date** **of** **its** **enactment** **by** **reason of inclusioo** **in** **the** **Ninth** **Schedule·** **[859 A-H]** _Jagannath_ v. _Authorised Officer, Land_ _Reforms_ [1972] 'I SCR 1056 at 1070 referred to. **[fhe** **Court** **directed the Central Government to sympathetically consider,** **C** if lands forming part of his Estate have been included in his assessment of **wealth** **tax** **and** **if** **rthe** **income therefrom has been assessed to** **inoome-tax,** **whether** **any** **such tax recovered from him for the period** **from** **and** **after the** **date of coming into force** **of** **the ·Regulation may** **in** **all fairness** **be** **refunded** ·to him.) CIVIL Al'PELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 2212 of 1969. From the Judgment and Order dated !st, 2nd and 3rd of April **D** 1968 of the Bombay High Court in Special Civil Application No. 1452 cf 1964. _H._ _R._ _Gokhale,_ _A._ _R._ _Antule and M. N. Shroff_ for the Appellant. _R._ _P._ _Bhatt, B._ _R._ _Agarwala_ and _P._ _B. Agarwa/a_ for Respondent No. 1. _V._ _N._ _Ganpule_ for Respondents Nos. 6-9 . _. P._ _P._ _Rao_ and _A._ _K. Ganguli_ for Respondents Nos. 10-13. _T. V._ _S._ _Narasimhachari_ for the Intervener. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by . _.{ BHAGWATI, J.-This appeal by certificate is directed against a 'judgment of a Division Bench of the Bombay High Court invalidating a notification dated 24th February, 1962 issued by the Governor of Maharashtra in exercise of the power conferred under Sub-Para (I) of !Para _5_ of the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution and the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regulation. 1961 issued by the Governor of Maharashtra under Sub-Para (2) of Para, 5 ,of the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution after obtaining the assent of the President. These two legislative measures were struck down by the 'High Court on the ground that they violated the fundamental right· of ;the 1st respondent under Article 19(l)(f) of the Constitution. The ,question w!1ether there was any infringement of the fundamental 1ight ·of the 1st respondent under Article 19(1) (f) as a result of these two legislative measures would have raised a highly debatable issue, but it is unnece~sary to consider it in this appeal since, subsequent to the judgment of the High Court, the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regulation, 1961 has been included· **G** **H** A B ### c D E F G H 858 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1978) 2 S·C·R• as Item No. 155 in the Ninth Schedule by the Constitution ( 40th Amendment) Act, 1976. We shall briefly state the facts in so far ai;. necessary for understanding how the question of validity of the notifica·· tion dated 24th February, 1962 and the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regulation, 1961 arose for consideration before the Court. There were at all material times six estates of Tribal Chiefs ca!lecl Mai;wassi estates in West Khandesh district. These Mebwassi estates were "scheduled area" under Art. 244 read with the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution and were "partially excluded area" under section 91 of the Govemme,nt of India Act, 1935. and the !st respondent was the owner of one such estate called Kathi Estate which comprised 99 villages in the State of Maharashtra. The Governor of Bombay, in exercise of the power conferred by sub-section _(_ 1) and (2) of section 92 of the Government of India Act, 1935, made a Regulation called the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estates Regulation, 1949 which applied to the Mebwassi estates including the Kathi Estate belonging to the 1st respondent. The Bombay Land Revenue Code, 1879 wa:> made applicable to the Mehwassi Estates subject to certain modification:> by section 3 of this Remlation and the effect.of section 4 was to mak1i applicable to the Mehwassi Estates all other Acts passed by the Central or the State legislature which were in force in other parts of West Khandesh District. which included _inter_ _alia_ the Bombay Tenancy ancl Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 (hereinafter referred to as the Tenanc:r Act). The result of the application of the Bombay Land Revenu1' Code, 1879 to the Mehwassi Estates was that the ist respondent, who was the holder of the Kathi Estate, became an occupant of the agricultural lands forming part of that Estate and the persons who were cultivating these lands under him became, his tenants and by reason of th1' applicability of the Ten:ancy Act, 1948, that Act governed the relationship between the 1st respondent and the tenants. The Tenancy Act, 1948 was amended by Bombay Act 13 of 1956 which came into foro' on 1st August, 1956 and.in exercise of the power conferred under section 32H(2l, the Government of Bombay issued an order on 31st March, 1957 fixing the maximum purchase price payable by ordinary, i.e., non-permanent tenants for the deemed purchase of the lands cultivate1I by them _inter alia_ in the villages forming part of the Mehwassi Estates. The combined effect of sections 32 to 32R of the Tenancy Act an<I the order dated 31st March, 1957 was that the tenants of the 1st respon• dent became the deemed purchasers of the lands held by them on 1st April, 1957 and the 1st respondent ceased to be the owner and becam~ entitled to receive from his permanent tenants a purchase price equal to six times the. rent of the lands and from his ordinary tenants, :~ purchase price between twenty to eighty times of the assessment. Thereafter on 24th February, 1962 the Governor of Maharashtra issued a Notification under Sub-para ( 1) of Para 5 to the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution and by this Notification the Governor was please•:l to direct that Bombay Act 13 of 1956, which amended the Tenancy Act, 1948, shall apply to Mehwassi Estates, and also added section 881> in the Tenancy Act, 1948 which provided that, save as otherwistj provided in any other enactment for the time being in force, nothing in sections 32 to 32R shall apply to any Mehwassi land and these # _7-_ MAHARASHTRA _v._ MAN SINGH _(Bhagwati,_ _!.)_ 859 direction~ were given retrospective effect from 1st August, 1956. The effect of this notification was to restore the relationship which existed between the I st respondent and his tenants immediately prior to !st April, 1957 so that the tenants did not become deemed purchasers of the lands held by them and the I st respondent did not cease to be the owner of su~h lands. The Governor of Bombay issued on the same day, i.e., 24th February, 1962, the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regulation, !961 in exercise of the power conferred under Sub-Para (2) of Para 5 of the Fifth Schedule to the Constitution after obtaining assent of the President. This' Regulation conferred occupancy rights on inferior holders and tenants and abolished the proprietary rights of the holders of the Mchwassi Estates. The resull was that the tenants of the I st respondent recame occupants of the lands held by them and the 1st respondent was deprived of all his rights and he ceased to be entitled to receive anything from his inferior holden, the purchase price receiveable by him from his permanent tenants was reduced from six times the rent to three times the assessment and from his other tenants, he became entitled to receive only purchase price at six times the assessment instead of twenty to eighty times the assessment. The 1st respondent was seriously affected by the Notification dated 24th Febrnary, 1962 and the' West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Prcprietary llights Abolition etc.) Regulation, 1961 and he,, therefore, filed a petition in the High Court challenging th0 constitutional validity of these two legislative measures. The High Court, as we have already pointed out, struck down these two pieces of legislation on the ground that they violated the fundamental right of the 1st respondent under Article 10 (1) (f) and they were not protected by Article 31A of the Constitution. This view taken by the High Court is assailed in t11e present appeal filed by the State after obtaining cerfrncates from the High Court. Now, it appears that subsequent to the judgment of the High Court and whilst the appeal was pending in this Court the Ninth Schedule was, amended by the Constitution (Fortieth Amendment) Act, 1976 by the inclusion of the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regulation, 1961. The effect of the inclusion was that the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolitior1 etc.) Regulation, 1961 was immunised from challenge on the ground that it was inconsistent with or took away or abridged any of the rights conferred by Part III cf the Constitution and hence its constitutional validity could no longer be assailed on the ground that it violated Article 19(1) (f). Article 31B and the Ninth Schedule cured the· defect, if any, in the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regulation, 1961 as regards any unconstitutionality alleged on tl1e ground of infringement of fundamental rights and by the express .words of Article 31B, such curing of the defecj: took place with retrospective operation from the date on which this Regulation was enacted by the Govemoc. This Regulation, even if inoperative or void at the time when it was issued by the Governor on acccunt of infringement of Article 19(1) (f) of the Constitution, assumed full force and vigour from the date of its enactment by reason of its inclusion in the Ninth Schedule, _(Vide_ : _Jagannath_ v. _Authorised Officer, Land_ A B #### c D E F G H 860 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 2 S·C·R· A _Reforms._ (1) and it must accordingly be held to be constitutionally ##### valid. Now, it was not disputed on behalf of the lst respondent that if ~ the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) Regulation, 1961 is free from any constitutional blemish, the Notification dated 24th February, 1962 cannot, standing by itself, be successfully assailed as invalid, for, far from taking away any rights of the 1st B respondent, it restored hls original rights as occupant. It was a legislative measure to his advantage and not to hls detriment. The challenge to the constitutional validity of the Notification dated 24th February, 1962 must also, therefore, be rejected. We accordingly allow the appeal, set aside the judgment of the High,. Court and declare the Notification dated 24th February, 1962 and the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Rights Abolition etc.) C Regulation, 1961 to be constitutionally valid. There will be no order as to costs. D We are toid by learned counsel appearing on behalf of first respondent that the lands forming part of hls estate have been included in his assessment of wealth tax and also the income has been assessed to income-tax. We do not know how far thls is true. But in case it is so the Central Govermnent may sympathetically consider whether any such tax recovered from the first respondent from and after the date of coming into force of the West Khandesh Mehwassi Estate (Proprietary Right> Abolition Etc.) Regulation, 1961 may in all fairness be refunded to him. S.R. _1ppeal allowed._ (1) [1972] l S.C.R. 1056 at 1070.