STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. GOLOO RAIKWAR AND ANR. (Criminal Appeal No. 185 of 2016)

[2016) 2 S.C.R. 277 A STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. GOLOO RAIKWAR AND ANR. (Criminal Appeal No. 185of2016) MARCH 02, 2016 B ## **[JAGDISH SINGH KHEHAR AND C. NAGAPPAN, JJ.]** _Penal Code, 1860: s. 304 Part I_ - _Prosecution case was that PW-I and his uncle victim-deceased were on their way_ - _They sm;• all the accused persons armed with weapons coming towards them_ - _Accused-B hurled a country bomb at them_ - _On explosion, they fell down_ - _Accused-B dealt a blow of sword to PWJ and other accused also assaulted him with weapons_ - _PWJ saw accused persons assaulting the victim-deceased with their weapons_ - _PWJ ran and informed PW3, brother of the deceased_ - _Deceased was_ . _rushed to hospital where he was declared dead_ - _Conviction by trial court u/s. 302 and life imprisonment_ - _High Court noted that injury no.3 was not on vital part of the body and other injuries were not fatal in nature and_ ther~fore, _since intention to commit murder of the deceased was not established, the offence was. not murder and. therefore, modified conviction to one u/s.304 Part 1 and awarded RI for 10 years_ - _States appeal against modification of conviction and reduction of sentence_ - _Held: The doctor who conducted the_ autop~y _stated that the injuries found on the body were sufficient to cause death_ - _The fact that the accused hurled country made bombs was established_ - _The incised injuries caused_ · _to the deceased were intentional and were sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature even if it cannot be said that his death was intended -This was sufficient to bring the case within thirdly of s.300_ - _High Court was in error in altering the conviction of the respondents/accused from one u!s. 302 to that u/s .. 304-1_ - _Order of trial court restored._ c D E F G ## **Allowing the appeal, the Court** **HELD: 1. When the deceased along with PWl were going to eat betals respondents/accused came from the front side and second respondent pelted country bomb at them and inflicted blow of sword on the deceased and the other accused assaulted** **H** 277 278 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2016] 2 S.C.R. - A the deceased with sword, Gupti and Kankur and they also attacked PWl with weapons. The deceased was soiled in blood and was moanhr and on being taken to hospital, was declared dead. lnjuri~s no.I to 4 found on the body of the deceased were incised wounds and 3"' and 4" of them were inflicted on the right knee joint and head respectively. The doctor who conducted the - B autopsy stated that the injuries found on the body were sufficient to cause death. It was pointed ont that the cause of death was excessive haemorrhage from injury no.3 which was on the knee. [Para 8] [281-E-G] 2. The fact that the accused hurled country made bombs c was established. The incised injuries caused to the deceased were intentional and were sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature even if if cannot be said that his death was intended. This is sufficient to bring the case within thirdly of Section 300. [Para 10] [282-G] D _State of Andhra Pradesh vs. Rayavarapu Pu1111ayya and Am:_ (1976) 4 SCC 382: 1977 (1) SCR 601 - referred to. ## Case Law Reference E 1977 (1) SCR 601 referred to. Para 9 CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 185 of2016. From the Judgment and order dated 26.09.2012 of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh Principal Seat at Jabalpur in Criminal Appeal No. F 1797 of2004. Ankit Kr. Lal, Mishra Saurabh, Advs., for the Appellant. Akshat Shrivastava, Adv., for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by G C. NAGAPPAN, J. I. Leave granted. 2. This appeal is preferred against the judgment dated 26.9.2012 passed by the High Court of Madhya Pradesh Principal seat at Jabalpur in Criminal Appeal No. 1797 of 2004 whereby the High Court partly allowed the appeal filed by the respondents/accused, by setting aside H their conviction under Section 302 IPC and convicted them for the STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. GOLOO RAIKWAR re. NAGAPPAN, J.l 279 offence under Section 304 Part I IPC and thereby reducing their sentence from life imprisonment to Rigorous Imprisonment for I 0 years. 3. Briefly the facts are as follows: Deceased Hari Choudhary is the uncle of PWl Kallu Choudhary. On 15.8.2000 at about 3.30 p.m. both of them were going to eat betel and on their way they saw respondent no.1 /accused Golu, respondent no.2/accused Bhura and three other accused namely Puttu@ Ram Charan, Gabbar and Bedilal armed with weapons, coming and accused Bhura hurled country bomb at them. On explosion they fell down and accused Bhura dealt a blow of sword to PW! Kallu and the other accused also assaulted him with their weapons. PWl saw the accused persons assaulting Hari Choudhary with their weapons. He ran and informed PW3 Ram N iwas, brother of Hari and they carried injured Hari to Victoria Hospital, Jabalpur where he was declared dead. On telephonic information PW 10 Sub-Inspector R.B. Soni reached the hospital and recorded Exh.Pl complaint given by PW 1 Kallu and prepared Exh.P2 Murg Report. He conducted inquest and prepared Exh.P3 Inquest Report and gave requisition for conducting post-mortem. He also sent injured PW l Kallu for medical examination. A B c D > 4. Dr. Ashok Kumar Jain conducted the autopsy and found following injuries on the body ofHari: - i) Incised wound 3" x _Yi''_ muscle deep on right cheek E - ii) Incised wound 4" x _Y,"_ x bone deep on left cheek extending up to ear. The pinna of the ear was cut. - iii) Incised wound on right knee joint posteriorly to lateral aspect. Joint disarticulated. Patella hanging with the help of tendon. Vessels, nerves and other soft tissues severed. F - iv) Incised wound 3" x %" x bone deep over occipital region obliquely placed. Clotted blood matting the skull hair. - v) Swelling of blue colour on the riglit shoulder on the back side 6" in length. - G - vi) Linear abrasion over left side of chest lateral aspect 4" in length, bluish in colour. Injuries No.1,2,3 and 4 were caused by hard and sharp object. Injuries No.S and 6 might have been caused by hard and blunt object. All the injuries were _ante mortem_ in nature H 280 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2016] 2 S.C.R. A and were sufficient to cause death. In the opinion of Dr. Jain, cause of death was excessive haemorrhage from Injury No.3. The death of deceased was homicidal. 5. PW I 0 Sub-Inspector Soni, after registering a case under Section 302 IPC and Section 3(2)(v) of Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe B (Prevention of Atrocities) Act against the accused persons and after investigation filed the charge-sheet. After committal the Sessions Court framed charges against both the respondents herein and accused Puttu @ Ram Charan. Accused Gabbar and Bedilal were absconding. The trial court convicted the respondents herein for the offence under Section 302 IPC and acquitted them for the offence under Section 3(2)(v) of the c SC/ST (P.A.) Act and sentenced each of them to life imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. I 000/- each in default to undergo one month simple imprisonment for the charge of murder. At the same time the trial court acquitted accused Puttu @ Ram Charan of the charges. Challenging the same, both the respondents herein preferred appeal and the High D Court altered the conviction and sentence as mentioned above. Aggrieved by the same the State has preferred the present appeal. 6. The learned counsel for the appellant State submitted that the view taken by the High Court is patently erroneous in law as the offence under Section 302 IPC was clearly made out. It is his further submission E that the High Court has committed an error in holding that injury no.3 was not on vital part of the body and the other injuries were not fatal in nature, and therefore, intention to commit murder of the deceased cannot be held established. According to him the accused attacked the deceased by hard and sharp weapons at the time of occurrence resulting in his death and the offence of murder is clearly made out. Per contra the F learned counsel appearing forthe respondents supported the view taken by the High Court and submitted thatthe impugned judgment is sustainable in law. 7. The respondents have not challenged their conviction. The trial court, as already noticed, had convicted the respondents of the G offence of murder. The High Court has disagreed with the Trial Court and held the offence was not 'murder' but one under Section 304-1 of the Indian Penal Code. The High Court reached this conclusion on the following reasoning: - "17. On perusal of the evidence of Dr. Ashok Kumar Jain (PW- - H 6) it seems that injuries No. I and 2, which were caused on right STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. GOLOO RAIKWAR [C. NAGAPPAN, J.] 281 and left cheeks of deceased by sharp edged weapons, were not grievous. Similarly, injury No.4, which was an incised wound on the occipital region of the skull was bone deep. ~Though there was bleeding from it, but the bone was not found cut. Injuries No.5 and 6 were respectively swelling and abrasions on shoulder and chest. No. underneath organ was found damaged. No doubt Dr. Jain stated that injuries found on the body of deceased were sufficient to cause his death, but he did not mention this fact in the postmortem report (Ex.P/I 0). In Ex.P/10 as well as in court he specifically stated that the cause of death of deceased was excessive haemorrhage from·the injury No.3 which was on the knee. 18. In view of the above medical evidence, in, our opinion, it cannot be held established with certainty that appellants intended to commit murder of the deceased, but, since they caused number of injuries by sharp edged weapons to deceased and the injury No.3 proved fatal, it can be held that appellants assaulted deceased with an intention of causing such bodily injuries to him as were likely to cause his death making them liable to be punished under Section 304-1 of the Indian Penal Code". 8. We are unable to appreciate and accept this reasoning. When the deceased along with PW 1 Kallu Choudhary were going to eat betals respondents/accused came from the front side and second respondent Bhura pelted country bomb at them and inflicted blow of sword on Hari and the other accused assaulted Hari with sword, Gupti and Kankur and they also attacked PW 1 Kallu Choudhary with weapons. Hari was soiled in blood and was moaning and on being taken to hospital, was declared dead. Injuries no.1 to 4 found on the body ofHari were incised ·wounds and 3'' and 4'h of them were inflicted on the right knee joint and head respectively. Dr. Ashok Kumar Jain who conducted the autopsy has stated that the injuries found on the body were sufficient to cause death. It was pointed out that the cause of death was excessive haemorrhage from injury no.3 which was on the knee. 9. In State of Andhra Pradesh vs. Rayavarapu Punnayya and Anr. ( 1976) 4 SCC 382), this Court had to deal with a similar situation. hi that case, the accused 5 in number beat the victim with sticks on the legs and arms of the deceased and when hospitalized the deceased succumbed to his injuries. The medical officer who conducted the A R c D E F G H 282 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2016] 2 S .C.R. - A autopsy opined that the cause of death was shock and haemorrhage resulting from multiple injuries and said injuries were cumulatively sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. Question arose whether in such a case when no significant injury had been inflicted on a vital part of the body, and the weapons used were sticks and the accused could not be said to have the intention of causing death, the - B offence would be 'murder' or merely 'culpable homicide not amounting to murder'. This Court answered the question in these terms: - ·'39 ......... All these acts of the accused were preplanned and intentional, which, considered objectively in the light of the medical evidence, were sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause - c death. The mere fact that the beating was designedly confined by the assailants to the legs and arms, or that none of the multiple injuries inflicted was individually sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, will not exclude the application of clause thirdly of Section 300. The expression "bodily injury" in clause - D thirdly includes also its plural, so that the clause would cover a case where all the injuries intentionally caused by the accused are _cumulatively_ sufficient to cause the death in the ordinary course of nature, even if none of those injuries _individually_ measures upto such sufficiency. The sufficiency spoken of in this clause, as already noticed, is the high probability of death in - E the ordinary course of nature, and if such sufficiency exists and death is caused and the injury causing it is intentional, the case would fall under clause thirdly of Section 300. All the conditions which are a prerequisite for the applicability of this clause have been established and the offence committed by the accused, in - . F the instant case was 'murder'." 10. In the present case, the fact that the accused hurled country made bombs, has been established. The incised injuries caused to Hari were intentional and were sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature even if it cannot be said that his death was intended. This is G sufficient to bring the case within thirdly of Section 300. 11. For the foregoing reasons, we are of the opinion that the High Court was in error in altering the conviction of the respondents/accused from one under Section 302 to that under Section 304-I Indian Penal Code. Accordingly, we allow this appeal and set aside the impugned H judgment and restore the judgment of the trial court convicting the STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH v. GOLOO RAlKWAR [C. NAGAPPAN, J.] 283 respondents/accused for the offence of murder, with a sentence of imprisonment for life. The respondents/accused are directed to surrender before the trial court to serve out the remaining sentence, failing which the trial court would forthwith issue warrants of arrest and send them to jail. A **Devika Gujral** Appeal allowed. B