SOMNATH v. S. P. RAJU

**A** B ## c **D** F G H 869 **SOMNATH** **BARMAN** v. **DR.** **S.** **P.** RAJU & ANR. _October_ 16, 1969 [J. C. SHAH AND K. S. HEGDE, JJ.] _Specific Relief_ _Act_ (l _of_ 1877), _s._ _9-Suit_ _for possessitm,_ _filed_ _more_ _than_ 6 _months after dispossession-P/ainJiff's possession proved but not_ _**title-Whether plaintiff entitled**_ _**to**_ _**decree**_ _**for**_ _**possmsion.**_ In a suit for possession of i.9unovable property filed in 1949, i• was found that the plaintiff had not established his title to the pl'opcrty, but it was pro1'ed that he was in pcsscssion from 1930 to 1945 and that the defendant trespassed on the property in 1946. On the question whether a decree could be passed in plaintiff's **favour,** HELD : Possessory title is a good title as against everybody other **than** **the** **lawful** **owner.** **Therefore,** **in** **an** **action** **of ejectment against a** wrong doer, plrior possession of the plaintiff is sufficient title even if the suit was not brought within 6 months of dispossession as required by s. 9 of the Specific Relief Act, 1877. The wrongdoer (trespasser) cannot successfully resist the suit by showing that the title and right to possession are in a third person. [874 B-D] _Ismail Arif!_ v. _Mohamed Ghouse,_ I.L.R. 211 I.A. 99, applied. _Narayana Row_ v. _Dharmachar,_ 1.L.R. XXVI Mad. 514, _Krislutarav_ _Ya1hwant and Ors._ v. _Vasudev Apaji Ghotikar_ _(deceased)_ _by_ I _rs._ l.L.R. 8 Born. 371, _UmMo Singh_ v. _Ramji Das_ _&_ _Ors._ 1.L.R. 36 All, 51, _Waii ..thmad Khan_ _&_ _Ors._ v. _Aiudhia Kandu_ I.L.R. XIII All. 537, and _Subodh Gopa/ Bose_ v. _Province_ _of_ _Bifiar and Ors._ A.LR. _1950_ Pat. 222, approved. _Debi Churn Bo/do_ v. _Issur Chunder Manjee,_ I.L.R. IX Cal. 39, _Ertaza_ _Ho.ssein_ _&_ _Anr._ v. _Bany_ _Mistry_ I.L.R. IX Cal. !30, _Purmeshur Chowdhry_ _&_ _Ors._ v .. _Brijo Lal Chowdhry,_ I.L.R. XVII Cal. 256 and _Nis« Chand_ _Gait<L and_ _Ors._ v, _Kanchiram_ _Bagani,_ I.L.R. XXVI Cal. 579, overruled. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 2342 of 1966 Appeal from the judgment and decree dated October 8, 1963 of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in C.C.C. Appeal No. 47 _oi_ 1959. _H._ _R. Gokhale,_ _K._ _R._ _Chaudhuri_ and _G._ _Kaushalya,_ for the appellant. _M._ _C._ _Chagla,_ _R,._ _V._ _Pillai_ ·and _Subodh Markandya,_ for resp<indent No. L _M._ _C._ _Bhandare and_ _K._ _Rajendra Chaudhuri,_ for respondent No. 2. 870 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1970] 2 S.C.R. The Judgment of the Coun was delivered by **Hegde,** **J.** This appeal has been brought by the !st defendant in 0.S. No. 210 of 1958 on the file of the 1st Additional Judge, City Civil Court, Hyderabad. That was a suit brought by the 1st responde11t-plaintiff for possession of the suit property. That suit was dismissed by the trial court but in appeal the High Court of Andhra Pradesh reversed the decree of the trial court and decreed the plaintiff's suit for possession. Thereupon this appeal has been brought after obtaining a certificate under An. 133 ( 1 )(a) of the Constitution. The subject matter of the suit is a piece of land in Himayatnagar measuring 2856 sq. yards. The plaintiff"s case is that he purchased this land from one Jamshecr Khan with other plots in the vicinity under two sale deeds marked Exhs. P-2 and P-3; thereafter he was in possession of the same. When he was in possession, the second defendant trespassed into the said property and took possession of the same, thereafter he illegally· sold_ the same to the 1st defendant. The defendants denied the plaint allegations. They denied that the plaintiff had any title to the suit property or that he was in possession of the same at any time. On the other hand they pleaded that the second defendant who had acquired title to the suit property by aaversc possession had sold the same to the I st defendant in the year 1946. The trial court came to the concrnsion that the plaintiff has not established his title to the suit property. It also held that the plaintiff has not satisfactorily proved that he was in possession of the suit property at any time. In view of th<:>~;:. findings it thought that it was not necessary to go into the defendants' plea of adverse possession. In the result it dismissed the plaintiff's suit. In appeal the High Court agreed with the trial court that the plaintiff has not proved his title to the suit prop.;:rly. It rejected the plea of the defendants that they have perfected their title to the suit property by adverse possession. But differing from the trial court it came to the conclusion that the plaintiff was put into possession of the suit property by his vendor Jamsheer Khan Sahnb in about the year 1930 and he was in possession of the same till about the year 1945, when the second defendant trespassed on the same and took possession of it. In view of the concurrent finding reached by the trial court and the High Court that the plaintiff has not proved his title, that question was not reopened in this Court." The finding of the High Court that the defendants have not established their pleas of title by adverse possession was challenged though feebly. Ir was contended before us that the plaintiff who based his suit on **A** **B** ## c **D** E F G II A B ## c D E F G H SOMNATH _v._ s. P. RAJU _(Hegde,_ J.) 871 title and prior possession having failed to establish his title, his suit has' to fail. Further the finding of the High Court that the plai_ntiff was in possession of the said property between 1930 to 1945 was also assailed before us. The appellant claims that he came into the possession of the suit property on the strength of the sale deed ~xecuted by the second defendant in· his favour on 1-10-1946. The suit from which this appeal arises was initially instituted on the original side of the High Court of Hyderabad in the year 1949. ~herefore to establish his claim of title by adverse possession, the 1st defendant must prirr.arily- depend on the fact that the second defendant was in possession of the suit property for a period of over nine years before he sold the same to him. Though the seeond defendant filed a written statement . supporting the case of the I st defendant and though he was present at the time of hearing on several occasions, he was not examined as a witness in this case to support the plea ·of adverse possession put forward by the defendants. . No explanation is forthcoming for his noncxamination. This circumstance goes a long way to disc1~dit the defendant's plea of adverse possession. The 1st defendant's evidence as rega•ds adverse possession is of very little significance as his knowledge of the suit property. prior to the date he purchased the. same is very little. The only other evidence relied on in support of the plea of adverse possession is that of D.W.2, Shambhu Prashad who claims to have taken the suit property on lease from the second defendant. The lease deed said to have been executed by him is marked as Exh.D/ 1. It is not explained how. the 1st defendant came into possession of Exh.D/l. Though the suit was filed as far back as 1949, Exh.D/ 1 was produced into court for the first time in the year 1960. No explanation has been given for this inordinate delay ### in producing Exh.D I 1, (an unregistered document) in court. Acr.ording to D.W.2, the 1st defendant knew about tltis docu ment as far back as 1950. Under these circumstances, the High Court was fully justified in rejecting the testimony of D.W.2 anc! ### not relying on Exh.D /I. The other evidence adduced by the I st defendant relating to the plea of adverse possession was not commended for our acceptance. Therefore we need not consider the same. Hence we agree with the High Court that the defendants have failed to establish their plea of adverse possession. Now coming to the evidence relating to the plaintiff's possession of the suit property f~om the year 1930 to 1945, we have firstly the oral testimony of the plaintiff. The High Court has. accepted the plaintiff's evidence as credit-worthy. The plaintiff is a responsible person. He held important offices both under the 872 SUPREME· COURT REPORTS [1970] 2 S.C.R. State Government as well as UJ)der the United Nations. _Prima_ _facle_ his evidence is worthy of acceptance. This would be particularly so in view of the non-examination of the second defendant. The question before the trial court and the High Court was whether the plaintiff was in possession of the suit property between 1930 to 1945 or whether the second defendant was ·in possession of the same during that period ? On this aspect, the evidence is really one sided. The evidence of the plaintiff that he came into possession of the suij: property under. Exhs.P-2 and P-3 is supported by the recitals in those documents. In considering the question whether J amsheer Khan, the vendor under Exhs.P-2 and P-3, had put the plaintiff into possession of the suit property, the fact that Jamsheer Khan had no title to the same is not very material. There is no reason to think that the recitals contained in Exhs. P-2 and P-3 as to the delivery of possession are false recitals. There is documentary evidence to show that the plaintiff paid the "Nazul" for. the properties· purchased by him under Exhs. P-2 and P-3 after his purchase. It is true that those documents do not show how much 'Nazul' was paid in respect of the suit property but the second defendant has produced no documents to show that he had paid any 'l. azul' in re5pect of the suit property. Ex. P-4 is a stamped revenue receipt on a printed form executed in · favour of the plaintiff by the Maqtadar on August 16, 1939 for Rs. 331/14/4 pies. It reiate5 A B # c D to the lands which belonged to Jamsheer Khan and situate at Narayanguda. Evidently that recital refers to the lands covered E by Exts. P-2 and f'-3. It recites that a sum of Rs. 331/14/4 Ps. was received from the plaintiff as 'Nazul' for the period from 15th Aban 1338 Fasli to the end of the Aban 1346 Fasli ".: the rate of Rs. 41/4/5 Ps. per year. The sale under Exhs. P-2 and P-3 was made in 1930. Evidently the 'N azul' in respect of those properties was in arrears till 1939. The 'Nazul' due undor F Exhs. P-2 and P-3 comes to Rs. 41/- and odd per year ail seen from Exh. P-6. F Ex. P-5 is a letter dated 11-12-193 7 received by the plaintiff from Mr. J. D. M. Dean (P.W.2), First Divisional Engineer, Hyderabad City. It relates to the construction of a road from Musheerabad to Bashir Bagh. It states that under the Ferman dated 29th Shaban 56 Hijn, H.E.H. The Nizam was pleased to accord sanction to the acquisition of 20 per cent of the land without any compensation for the construction of road, from the owners of the land and that for the excess land required, compensation will be paid. That letter further mentions that .total , area of the fand belonging to t!Je plaintiff was 7,815 sq. yds. out of which 2,112 sq. yds. were required for the construction of the road. Out of that 1,563 sq. yds. being the 20 per cent. of the G JI A 8 ## c D E F G H SOMNATH _v._ s. P. RAJU _(Hegde,_ _J.)_ 873 entire area was to be taken without any compensation and the value of the remaining 549 sq. yds. will be paid to the plaintiff. That letter further informed the plaintiff that the value of the additional area which might finally be detennined after the marking may be obtained from the department. It is establiShed that road from Musheerabad to Bashir Bagh was laid not only across the plot covered under P. 3 but also across the site purchased under Ex. P-2 in which the suit land is situate. That was obvious because if the road did not touch any portion of Exh. P-2, the entire area of the la,nd belonging to plaintiff would have been only 5,114 sq. yds. and not 7,815 sq. yds. as mentioned in Exh. P-5. It also establishes that the plaintiff was recognised by the City Improvement Board as the person entitled to compensation in respect of that land. Evidence further discloses that the plaintiff was paid compensation in respect of the land taken from him in excess of 20 per cent referred to earlier. The oral evidence adduced in the case coupled with Exh. P.2, P.4 and P.5 satisfactorily establishes the fact that the plaintiff was in possession of the suit property till about 1945. In addition to the evidence referred to earlier, the High Court has also relied on two other documents namely Exts. D-8 and D-9, but those documents were produced :.s additional evidence in the High Court. Their connection with the suit property is not satil;factorily established. Therefore we have excluded them from consideration. If we bear in mind the fact that the question for decision is whether the plaintiff or the 2nd defendant was in possession of the suit property between the years 1930 to 1945, there is hardly any doubt that the preponderance of evidence is in favour of the plaintiff's case. As seen earlier, the defendants have not produced any reliable evidence to surport their case. Hence we agree with the High Court that the plaintiff has succeeded in establishing that he was in possession of the suit property prior to 1945. It was next contended on behalf of the appellant that in a ~.uit for possession brought on the basis of title, the ulaintiff cannot succeed unless he proves his title to the suit property a~ well as its posression within 12 years. According to the appellant, except in a suit under S. 9 of the Specific Relief Act, the plaintiff, for succeeding in the suit, has to prove both existing title to the suit property and its possession within 12 years. We are unable to accept this contention as correct. In our opinion the possession of the plaintiff prior to 1945 is a good title against all but the true owner. The defendants who are mere trespassers cannot defeat the plaintiff's lawful possession by ousting him from the suit property. Possessory title is a gbod title as against everybody 874 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1970] 2 S.C.R. other than the lawful owner. In _Ismail Arif!_ v. _Mohamed_ _Ghouse('),_ the Judicial Committee came to the conclusion that a person having possessory title can get a declaration that 'he was the owner of the land in suit and an injunction restraining the defendant from interfering with his possession. Therein it was observed that the possession of the plaintiff was a sufficient evidence of title as owner against the defendant. In _Narayana_ _Row_ v. _Dharmachar(')_ a bench of the Madras High Court consisting of Bhashyam Ayyangar and Moore, JJ. held that pos,ession is, under the Indian, as under the English law, good title against all but the true owner. Section 9 of the Specific Relief Act is in no way inconsistent with the position that a.> against a wrong doer, prior possession of the plaintiff, in an action of ejectmcnt, is sufficient title, even if the suit be brought more than six months afler the act of dispossession complained of and that the wrong-doer cannot successfully resist the suit by showing that the title and right to possession arc in a third person. The· same view was taken by the Bombay High Court in _Krishnarav Yashvant and_ _Ors._ v. _Vasudev Apaji Gholikar_ _(deceased) by_ _J .rs.(')._ That was also the view taken by the Allahabad High Court-sec _Umrao Singh_ v. _Ramji_ _Das_ _and_ _Ors.(');_ _Wali Ahmad Khan and_ _Ors._ v. _Ahjudhia Khandu(')._ In _Subodh Gopal Bo;e_ v. _Province of Bihar and Ors.(")_ the Patna Hlgh Court adhered to the view taken by the Madras, Bombay and Allahabad High Courts. The contrary view taken by the Calcutta High Court in _Debi Chum Bo/do_ v. _lssur Chunder_ _Manjee('),_ ~Ertaza _Hossein_ _an.d_ _Ailr,_ v. _Bany Mistry(') Purem-_ _"shur_ _Chowdhry and_ _Ors._ v. _Brijo Lall Cho1»dhry(')_ _and_ _Nisa Chand Goita and_ _Ors._ v. _Kunchiram Bagani_ (' [0] ), in our opinion docs not lay down the Jaw correctly. In the result this appeal fails and the same is dismissed with crn,ts. We ~ee no reason to accept any additional evidence in this Court. Hence C.M.P. No. 3588 of 1968 is dismissed; but no costs. A ## c D E F , V.P.S. _A ppea/ dismissed._ G ·--·--·~- ~~0)~~ ~~I.LR. 2~~ 0 I.A. 99. (J) !LR 8, Bom. 371, (5) !LR XU! All 537. (7) ILR IX Cal. 39. M ILR XVll Cal. 256. (2) ILR XXVI Mad. 51-1. (4) ILR 36 All. 51. H f6) AIR 1950 Pat. 222. (8) ILR IX Cal. 130. (10) ILR XXVI Cal. 579.