SHEW KISSEN BHATTAR v. THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CALCUTTA

A **B** ### c **D** E **F** **G** **H** 567 SHEW KISSEN BHATTAR _v._ THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, CALCUTTA _MQJ!ch_ 5, 19.73 [K. S. HEGDE, P. JAGANll!OHAN f<.EDDY AND H. R. KHANNA, JJ.] _**Jndic.·n**_ _**Jnco1ne**_ _**Tax Act,**_ **1922,** _**s.**_ **9( 1)** _**(iv)-Scope**_ _**of-Consent**_ de~ _**cree**_ _**in**_ _**respect of property involved**_ _**Stipulating**_ _**pay111ent**_ _**of**_ _**co1npounJ**_ _**interest**_ _**by**_ _**assessee-Assessee claiming deduction of compound**_ _**interest-**_ _**I.Interpretation**_ _**of**_ _**expressions**_ _**"amount**_ _**of**_ _**any**_ _**interest**_ _**on**_ _**a.uch**_ _**1nortgage**_ _**or**_ _**charge"**_ _**and**_ _**"interest**_ _**payable**_ _**on**_ _**such.**_ _**capital'**_ _**in**_ _**s.**_ **9(1)** _**(iv)-Held**_ assesse~ _**entitled**_ _**to**_ _**deduct only**_ _**si111ple**_ _**interest**_ _payable._ **The** **assessee, a** **trustee** **of** **. the house** **property,** **claimed** **deduc-** **tion of compound interest in** **terms** **of a consent decree passed** in April 19, 1928, in a title suit in respect of the property. .Under the terms of that decree, the property was held to belong to the first defendant who. however, was to make a payment of Rs. 8,61,000/to the plaintiff therein. 'f!iere was stipulafion for the payment of compound interest on the unpaid amount @ 6} with yearly rest.. It was further provided therein that Rs. 4,25,000/. was to be paid on !he execution of the tenns of the settlement and therefore monthly **instalment** **of** **Rs.** **35,000/** ~ **for seventeen months** **and** **the** **balariee** **in** the 18th month. The terms of the compromise were not adhered to **inasmuch as there were defaults** **,in** **payment of interest.** **After making** the payment on February 19, 1945, there· slill remained out.landing Rs. 2,70,535/-. The interest on this amount @ 61 fo< a year worked out to Rs. 18,000/-. The assessee, however, calculated t® total interest payable Qt Rs. 38,221/- for the as..,.sme(nl' year 1956-57, rely**ing** **on** **the** **clause** **in** **the** **agreement providing for payment** **of** **compound** **interest.** **The** **Income** **Tax** **Officer** **gave** **a deduction of** **Rs.** 18,000/~ **only, on the basis** **of** **simple 'interest** **at** **the** **rate** **of** **Rs.** **6!%** **per annum.** The asSj!ssee's appeal agaiJ-,st this order was dismissed by the Appellate **Assistant Commissioner** **and** **later** **on** **by** **the** **Tribunal.** **On reference** **of** **the question** **and** **other similar questions** **'in** **respect** **of** **the assessment** years 1956-57 to 1958-59, the High Coun held that only simple interest **was allowable to the** **oassessee.** **On** **appeals** **by** **certificate· to** **this Court. dismissin2** **the** **appeals;** HEL:O : (I) What the law permits is the deductio.n of the "amount **of** **any** **interest on such mortgage or charge."** **Under the terms** **of** **the** **contract, when** **the** **interest** **payable** **is not** **paid,** **the** **same** **became a part** of the. _principal . and thereafter, interest ·has to be paid not only on the ongmal principal but also on that pan of the Interest which had becam~ a. part of the princi]lal. The interest which became part of the prmc1pal cannot be conS1dered as the capital charge. What the assi:ssee i• entitled to deduct is . t)le int~resl payable by him on the capital charge -and . not the additional interest which because of his failure to pay the interest o.n the due date had been consider~d as a part of the loan. Th_e re~! capital char'e is that which w-as otiginally due. Tiu: other p~rt1on is merely an ~n.rerest on which the as!ICSSee has: agreed to. pay tnter"'t. . Hence the mti:rest paid on interest is not an mterest paid on the capital charge. [570 B-D] 568 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1973] 3 S.C.R. (2) 'Aro interest' paid on capital bottowed- or charged does not **include compound** **interest.** **The** **compound** **interest** **is** **payable** **not** **on** the capital charge but on that part of the inter~st on which he has agreed to pay interest. That is not the capital tak;!n not of bys. 9(1)(iv). **If** **the** **contention** **that** **"any** **interest"** **included** **compound** **interest** - is accepted as correct, then the door will be open for evasin of tax. Such **an** **-interpretation** **is** **impermissible.** CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeals Nos. 1500 to 1502 of 1970. Appeals by certificates from the judgment and order dated January 28, 1969 and June 13, 1969 of the Calcutta High Court in Income-tax Ref. Nos. 202 of 1963· and 76 of 1968, respectively. _M._ _C._ _Chagla_ and _D._ _N. Mukherjee,_ for the appellant. _J._ _Ramamurthi,_ _R._ _N._ _Sachthey_ and _B._ _D._ _Sharma,_ for the respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by HEGDE, J.-These are appeals by certificate. A common question of law is involved in these appeals. These appeals relate to a common assessee biut arise from three different assessments in respect of three different assessment years (1956-57 to 1958-59), the accounting years being the respective calendar years. The question of law arising for decision is whether the assessee was entitled to claim deduction of compound interest under section 9(l)(iv) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The High Court answered that question in the negative and ii) favour of the Department. Aggrieved by that decision the assessee has come up in appeal to this Court. To decide the question set out above, it will be sufficient if we refer to the facts relating to one of the assessment years _i.e._ ### 1956-57. The material facts are as follows : The assessee is a trustee of a hduse property at Chaudmari Road, Howrah. In respect of that house 1there was a title mit filed by one Durga Prasad Chamria against Smt. Anardeyi and others claiming title over that property and for other reliefs. A consent decree was passed in that suit on April 19, 1928. Under the tenns of that decree t\le aforementioned house property was held to belong to Smt. Anardeyi Sethani but she was to make a payment Of Rs, 8,61,000/- to the plaintiff therein. There was stipulation for the payment of compound interest on the unpaid amount @ 6!% with yearly rests. It was further provided therein that Rs. 4,25,000/ - was to .be paid on the execution of the terms of settlement and thereafter monthly instalments of lb. 35,000/ • for seventeen months and the balance in, the 18th month. The terms of the comprom\~e were not adhered _lo_ inasmuch as there **B** ### c **D** E F _G_ H s. K. BHATTAR _V._ C.I.T. _(Hegde,_ 1.) 569 A were de.faults in payment of interest. After making the payment on February 19, 1945, there still remained outstanding Rs. 2,70,535/-. The interest on this amount @ 6!% for a year worked out to Rs. 18,000/-. The assessee, however, calculated the total interest payable at Rs. 38,221/- for the assessment year 1956-57, relying on the clause in the arrangement providing for JI payment of compound interest. The Income-!µ Officer gave a deduction of Rs. 18,000/- anly, on the basis of simple interest at the rate of 6t% per annum. The assessee's appeal against this order was dismissed by the Appellate Assistant Co.mmissioner and later on bly the Tribunal. Thereafter, at the instance of the assessee the following question of law was referred to the High ## c Court, in respect of the assessment year 1956-57 : "Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, and on a true construction of the words 'interest · payable on such capital' in section 9 ( 1) (iv) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, the amount of interest allowable was Rs. 18,000/- or Rs. 38,221/- ?" # » The questions referred to for the remaining assessment yous are more or less similar. The High Court answered those questions, as mentioned earlier, in favour _ol_ the Department. Herein we are called upon· to consider the true scope of section 9( 1) (iv) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The relevant por## :E lion of thl!t section reads thus : " ( 1 ). The tax shall be payable by an assessee under the head 'Income from Property' in respect of the _bona-_ _fide_ annual value of property consisting of any buildings or lands appurtenant thereto of which he is 1he owner, other than such portions of such property as he may occupy for the purpoteS of any business, profession or vocatioo carried on by him the profits of which are assessable to tax, subject to the following allowances, namely: G H #### (i) ............... . (ii) ............... . (111) ..•..•••.••••••• (iv) where the property is subject to a mortgage or other capital charge, the amount of any interest ##### on such mortgage or charge; where the properly is su~ect to an annual charge not being a capital charge, the amount of such charge; where the property is subject to a ground rtmt the amount of such gro_und rent; and, where the property has been acquired, constructed, repaired, renewed or 570 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1973] 3 S.C.R. reconstructed with 1:1orrowed ·capital, 'the amount of any interest payable on such capital : " The question is whether the assessee is entitled to deduct the compound interest payable by him in accordance with the terms of the contract referred 'to earlier or whether he is only entitled to deduct simple interest at th~ rate of 6t% per annum. It must be borne in mind that what the law permits is the deduction _oi_ the 'amount of any interest on such mortgage or charge'. The interest payable by the assessee on the capital charge was at the rate of 6t % per annum. But if he fails to pay that in accordance with the terms of the coll'tract, be was liable to pay compou,nd interest. In other words, if he fails to pay interest in accordance with the contract, he was liable to pay interest on interest. Or to put it differently, when the interest payable is not paid, the same became a part of the principal and therea~ter, interest has to be paid not only on the original principal but also on that part of the interest which had become a part of the principal. It cannot be said that the interest which became a part of the principal can be considered as the capital charge. What the assessee is entitled to deduct is the interest payable by him on the capital charge and not the additional interest which because cf bis failure to pay the interest on the due date had been considered as a part of the loan. In fact, the real capital charge is that which was originally due. The other portion is merely an interest on which the assessee has agreed to pay interest Hence we are unable to accept the connection of the assessee that the interest is an interest paid on the capital charge. Mr. Chagla. the learned counsel for the assessee, contended that the law permits his client to deduct any interest paid bly him on the capital borrowed or charged and 'any interest' included compound interest also. This, to our minds, appears to be a fallacious argument. The compound intere~t is payable not on the capital charge but on that part of the interest on which he has agreed to pay interest. That is not• the capital taken note of by section 9(l)(iv). If we accept Mr. Chagla's contention as correct, then the door will be open for evasion of tax. All ·that the debtor need do is not to pay interest regularly but utilise that . amount for other purpose and make the Revenue pay compound interest payable by him and thus derive advantage out of his own omission. Such an interpretation is impermissible. We are clearly of !he opinion that the interpretation placed by the High Court is the correct interpretation . In the result, these appeals fail ·and they are dismissed with costs; one hearing fee. S.B.W. _1ppeals_ _di>"missed._ B #### c J)l E F H #### ..