Sheela S. v. Kalluvathukkal Grama Panchayat & Others

## **`IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM`** ## **`PRESENT`** ``` THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE ANIL K. NARENDRAN ``` ``` WEDNESDAY, THE 20[TH] DAY OF SEPTEMBER 2023 / 29TH BHADRA, 1945 ``` ## **`W.P.(C)NO.22963 OF 2013`** ## **`PETITIONER:`** ``` SHEELA S., AGED 44 YEARS ``` ``` W/O. PRAKASH CHANDRAN, P.S. BHAVAN, KARIMPALOOR, PUTHENKULAM P.O., KALLUVATHUKKAL, KOLLAM. ``` ``` BY ADVS.SRI.PHILIP T.VARGHESE SRI.THOMAS T.VARGHESE SMT.ACHU SUBHA ABRAHAM SMT.V.T.LITHA SMT.SHRUTHI SARA JACOB SRI.S.SANDEEP (S-3458) SHRI.ADHIL P. SHRI.M.SRIRAM ``` ## **`RESPONDENTS:`** - **`1 THE KALLUVATHUKKAL GRAMA PANCHAYAT`** - **`REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY,KALLUVATHUKKAL, KOLLAM-691 013.`** - **`2 THE SECRETARY KALLUVATHUKKAL GRAMA PANCHAYAT, PANCHAYATH OFFICE, KALLUVATHUKKAL, KOLLAM-691 578.`** - **`3 THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR AND CHAIRMAN ROAD SAFETY AUTHORITY, KOLLAM-691 013.`** - **`4 SUB INSPECTOR OF POLICE PARIPALLY, KOLLAM DISTRICT-691 574.`** ``` BY ADV SRI.PIRAPPANCODE V.S.SUDHIR ``` 2 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 ## **`OTHER PRESENT:`** ``` SMT. RASMI K.M., SR.GP. ``` ``` THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON 20.09.2023, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: ``` 3 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 ## **JUDGMENT** The petitioner, who is a resident near Plavinmoodu junction at Paravoor-Parippally road, has filed this writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India seeking a writ of mandamus commanding the respondents to stop the illegal functioning of the market and illegal parking of vehicles in Plavinmoodu junction on the side of Paravoor-Parippally road, in front of the house of the petitioner. The petitioner has also sought for a declaration that the market functioning in Plavinmoodu junction on the side of Paravoor-Parippally road in front of the house of the petitioner is illegal and to declare that the petitioner has got a right to have free access to the public road from her house; a writ of mandamus directing the 1[st] respondent Panchayath to consider Ext.P4 representation dated 03.09.2013 made by the petitioner before the District Road Safety Committee; and for an order directing the 1[st] respondent Grama Panchayath to consider Ext.P3 representation dated 28.08.2013 made by the petitioner before the 2[nd] respondent Secretary. 4 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 2. Going by the averments in the writ petition, the petitioner is residing near Plavinmoodu junction on the side of Paravoor-Parippally road. The petitioner is aggrieved by the illegal functioning of the market in front of her house and the illegal parking of vehicles obstructing the ingress and egress to her house. Though the petitioner submitted Exts.P3 to P5 representations before the respondents, no action has been taken. In such circumstances, the petitioner has filed this writ petition seeking the aforementioned reliefs. 3. On 12.09.2013, when this writ petition came up for admission, this Court admitted the matter on file and urgent notice by speed post was ordered to respondents 1 and 2. The learned Government Pleader took notice for respondents 3 and 4. This Court granted an interim order directing respondents 1 and 4 to ensure that no vehicles are parked on Paravoor-Parippally public road, in front of the petitioner's house, in such a way as to obstruct her ingress and egress to the house. 4. On 17.11.2016, the learned Standing Counsel for the Grama Panchayath was directed to get instructions and to file a 5 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 counter affidavit within two weeks. By the order in I.A.No.5114 of 2017, Ext.P7 photographs were accepted on file, which would show the crowd in front of the petitioner’s house, during market hours. Thereafter, by the order dated 18.05.2020 in I.A.No.1 of 2020, Exts.P8 to P16 documents were accepted on file. Ext.P8 series contains photographs showing the crowd in front of the petitioner’s house. 5. Heard the learned counsel for the petitioner, learned Standing Counsel for respondents 1 and 2 and also the learned Senior Government Pleader for respondents 3 and 4. 6. The grievance of the petitioner is that an unauthorised market is being functioned at Plavinmoodu junction, on the side of Paravoor-Parippally road, in front of the house of the petitioner, which is causing obstruction to the ingress and egress to the house. 7. The fact that the market is being conducted in that area without obtaining a valid licence from the 1[st] respondent Grama Panchayat is evident from Ext.P13 reply obtained under the Right to Information Act. On a specific query made by this Court as to 6 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 whether the area has been notified as a public market, the learned Standing Counsel would submit that there is no such notification. 8. In **C.S.S. Motor Service v. Madras State [AIR 1953 Mad. 279]** a Division Bench of the Madras High Court held that all public streets and roads vest in the State, but that the State holds them as trustee on behalf of the public. The members of the public are entitled as beneficiaries to use them as a matter of right and this right is limited only by the similar rights possessed by every other citizen to use the pathways. The State as trustees on behalf of the public is entitled to impose all such limitations on the character and extent of the user as may be requisite for protecting the rights of the public generally. 9. In **Saghir Ahmad v. State of U.P. [AIR 1954 SC 728]** a Constitution Bench of the Apex Court agreed with the statement of law made by the Division Bench of the Madras High Court in Para. 24 of the decision in **C.S.S. Motor Service [AIR 1953 Mad. 279]** . 10. The Indian Roads Congress has issued Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities _vide_ IRC: 103-2012. Paragraph 3 of the said 7 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 guidelines deals with the scope of those guidelines. These guidelines cover engineering design and planning aspects of pedestrian facilities on road sides and road crossings in urban and semi - urban areas (para 3.2). The guidelines are intended for use by the local authorities responsible for creating and maintaining semi urban road transport facilities and the guidelines are framed to serve the objectives of universal accessibility and social equity for sustainable transportation (para 3.3). Paragraph 4 of the guidelines deals with general principles. 11. In **Shali v. State of Kerala [2019 (5) KHC 118]** this Court held that, as per Para.4.2 of the Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities (IRC:103-2012), an effort should be made to create such conditions that pedestrians are not forced to walk in unsafe circumstances, and that motorists respect the position of pedestrian. The Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities have the approval of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). Every Local Authority in the State is bound to provide pedestrian facilities on public roads in conformity with these guidelines. 12. In **Kottamom (Kottiyar Mangalam) Sri. Darma-** 8 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 ## **sastha Temple Advisory Committee v. State of Kerala [2019** **(5) KHC SN 27]** this Court held that, in view of the Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities formulated by the Indian Roads Congress, vide IRC:103-2012, no parking of vehicles is legally permissible on the 'footpath', which is the portion of right of way of road used for the movement of pedestrians. Any such parking of vehicles on the footpath of public streets will force pedestrians to walk in unsafe circumstances, which will adversely affect the mobility and safety of all pedestrians including those with disabilities and reduced mobility. ## 13. In **Satheesh v. Travancore Devaswom Board [2022** **(1) KLT 940]** a Division Bench of this Court held that, once roads are constructed as per the standards and guidelines prescribed by the Indian Roads Congress, it has to be maintained as such without any encroachment on the right of way or on the pedestrian facilities provided as per such standards and guidelines. Footpaths are not intended for stocking articles for trade or for display of goods by traders, in front of their shops or establishments. Similarly, footpaths are not intended for holding campaigns, demonstrations, 9 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 etc., by political parties and other organisations, by causing obstructions to free movement of pedestrians. No political party or organisation can be permitted to encroach footpath or right of way of public roads, in connection with any such protest, demonstrations, etc., by erecting any temporary structures on the right of way or on the pedestrian facilities, forcing pedestrians including those with disabilities and reduced mobility to walk in unsafe circumstances. 14. As held by this Court in **Satheesh [2022 (1) KLT 940]** roads constructed as per the specifications and standards prescribed by the Indian Roads Congress are for vehicular traffic, which cannot be converted as a parking space for commercial or other establishments, religious institutions, etc., or even for putting up temporary structures in connection with festivals in temples, churches, mosques, etc., or for putting up temporary structures as resting place for headload workers, etc., or for putting up bus shelters by political parties or by any other organisations. The State holds public roads as a trustee on behalf of the public. By permitting encroachments on public roads by way of temporary 10 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 structures on the right of way or on the pavements or on the pedestrian facilities provided on such roads, on political considerations or otherwise, the State Government or the concerned Local Self Government Institution is committing a breach of trust. Any failure on the part of the designated authorities, contractor, consultant or concessionaire in maintaining the safety standards of public roads will attract the penal consequences provided under Section 198A of the Motor Vehicles Act. Therefore, in terms of the interim order dated 13/02/2023 in W.P.(C)No.4729 of 2023, the law laid down by this Court in _Satheesh v. Travancore Devaswom Board_ , 2022 (1) KLT 940 shall be followed by all concerned, in letter and spirit, during the temple festival in Major Vellayani Bhadrakali Devi Temple, which is a temple under the management of the Travancore Devaswom Board.In **Sivaprasad v.** **State of Kerala and others [2020 (6) KHC 373]** this Court held that in view of the law laid down in **Kottamom (Kottiyar Mangalam) Sri.Darmasastha Temple Advisory Committee v.** **State of Kerala [2019 (5) KHC SN 27]** , once the National Highways/State Highways are constructed as per the standards and 11 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 guidelines prescribed by the Indian Roads Congress, it has to be maintained as such without any encroachment on the right of way or on the pedestrian facilities provided as per such standards and guidelines. 15. The law laid down in the decisions referred to supra was reiterated by a Division Bench of this Court in **Suo Motu v. State of Kerala [2022 (7) KHC 185]** . 16. On 12.09.2013, this Court granted an interim order in this writ petition, whereby respondents 1 and 4 are directed to ensure that no vehicles are parked on Paravoor-Parippally public road, in front of the petitioner's house, in such a way as to obstruct her ingress and egress to the house. Having considered the pleadings and materials on record and the submissions made at the Bar, this writ petition is disposed of by making the aforesaid interim order dated 12.09.2013 absolute, and by directing the 3[rd] respondent District Collector, who is the Chairman of the Road Safety Authority, Kollam to take an appropriate decision on Ext.P4 representation dated 03.09.2013 made by the petitioner, taking note of the law laid down in the 12 WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 decisions referred to supra, with notice to the petitioner and other affected parties and after affording them an opportunity of being heard. The 2[nd] respondent Secretary of the 1[st] respondent Grama Panchayat shall take an appropriate decision on Ext.P3 representation dated 03.09.2013 made by the petitioner, in case the fish market on the side of Paravoor-Parippally public road, in front of the petitioner’s house, is being conducted without any licence, with notice to the petitioner and other affected parties and after affording them an opportunity of being heard. A decision on the said representations shall be taken by the 3[rd] respondent Secretary and the 2[nd] respondent District Collector, as expeditiously as possible, at any rate, within a period of two months from the date of receipt of a certified copy of this judgment. Sd/- ## **ANIL K. NARENDRAN, JUDGE** bkn/- 13 ## WP(C) NO. 22963 OF 2013 ## **`APPENDIX OF WP(C) 22963/2013`** ## `PETITIONER EXHIBITS` |**`P1`**|**`:`**|**`COPY OF TAX RECEIPT ISSUED TO THE PETITIONER BY THE`**| |---|---|---| |||**`RESPONDENT.`**| |**`P2`**|**`:`**|**`COPY OF THE LETTER DTD.17.6.2013 ISSUED BY THE`**| |||**`INFORMATION OFFICER OF THE PANCHAYAT TO THE`**| |||**`PETITIONER.`**| |**`P3`**|**`:`**|**`COPY OF PETITION DTD.28.8.2013 SUBMITTED BY THE`**| |||**`PETITIONER TO THE 2ND RESPONDENT.`**| |**`P4`**|**`:`**|**`COPY OF PETITION DTD.3.9.2013 SUBMITTED BY THE`**| |||**`PETITIONER TO THE 3RD RESPONDENT.`**| |**`P5`**|**`:`**|**`COPY OF PETITION DTD.3.9.2013 SUBMITTED BY THE`**| |||**`PETITIONER TO THE 4TH RESPONDENT.`**| |**`P6`**|**`:`**|**`COPY OF JUDGMENT DTD.22.5.2009 IN WPC NO.15041/2007`**| |||**`OF THIS HON'BLE COURT.`**|