Sathyendran K. v. State of Kerala

# `IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM` ## `PRESENT` ``` THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE ZIYAD RAHMAN A.A. FRIDAY, THE 4[TH] DAY OF NOVEMBER 2022 / 13TH KARTHIKA, 1944 ``` ``` CRL.REV.PET NO. 748 OF 2022 ``` ``` CRIME NO.50/2022 OF HEMAMBIKA NAGAR POLICE STATION, PALAKKAD AGAINST THE JUDGMENT DATED 26.08.2022 IN ST 800/2022 OF JUDICIAL ``` ``` MAGISTRATE OF FIRST CLASS -III,PALAKKAD ``` ## `REVISION PETITIONER/S:` ``` SATHYENDRAN K AGED 53 YEARS S/O. KUNCHAN, AKSHARA, THEKKUMPURAM, KAVILPAD P.O, PALAKKAD DISTRICT., PIN - 678012 BY ADVS. JACOB SEBASTIAN K.V.WINSTON ANU JACOB ``` ## `RESPONDENT/S:` ``` 1STATE OF KERALA REPRESENTED BY ITS PUBLIC PROSECUTOR, HIGH COURT OF KERALA, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT., PIN - 682031 2THE SUB INSPECTOR OF POLICE HEMAMBIKA NAGAR POLICE STATION, PALAKKAD DISTRICT., PIN - 678009 ``` ## `OTHER PRESENT:` ``` ADV SANGEETHARAJ N R-PP ``` ``` THIS CRIMINAL REVISION PETITION HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON 04.11.2022, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 2 ## `O R D E R` ``` The Revision Petitioner is the accused in ``` ``` S.T.No.800/2022 on the file of the court of the Judicial First Class Magistrate-III, Palakkad. The aforesaid case arose from crime number 50/2022 of Hemambika Nagar Police Station, which was registered for the offences punishable under sections 279 and 337 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and under section 3(1) r/w. 181 of the Motor Vehicles Act,1988. ``` ``` 2.The prosecution case is that, on 25.01.2022 at about 13.15 hours, the motorcycle ridden by the petitioner bearing registration No.KL-09-AN-2779 from Puthuppariyaram Panchayat office through the road in front of the Panchayat office and when it reached at the place of incident, it collided with another vehicle bearing registration No.KL-9-AH-5139 driven by one Baby. The police after completing the investigation, submitted a final report for the offences mentioned above, against the petitioner. Later, the petitioner appeared through his counsel and pleaded guilty, ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 3 ``` thereupon, the petitioner was convicted as per the judgment dated 26.8.2022 for the offences referred above, and he was sentenced to pay a fine of Rs.500/- for the offence punishable under section 279 of IPC with a default sentence to undergo simple imprisonment for 5 days and to pay a fine of Rs.200/- for the offence punishable under section 337 of IPC with a default sentence to undergo simple imprisonment for two days and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- for the offence punishable under section 3(1) r/w. 181 of the Motor Vehicles Act with a default sentence to undergo simple imprisonment for 30 days. Later, the fine amount was remitted. This Crl.RP was filed by the petitioner challenging the conviction and sentence imposed upon the petitioner. ``` ``` 3.Heard Sri. Jacob Sebastian, the learned counsel for the petitioner and Smt.Sangeetharaj N.R., the learned Public Prosecutor for the State. ``` ``` 4.The learned counsel for the petitioner submits that the order passed by the learned Magistrate holding the petitioner guilty on the basis of his plea of ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 4 ``` guilty was not at all proper. According to him, due to the accident, the petitioner sustained severe injuries and immediately after the accident, he was taken to the District hospital, Palakkad by the people who gathered at the place of occurrence. Later, he was shifted to Kozhinjampara Athani Hospital for better treatment, from there, he was shifted to Palakkad Thankam Hospital. However, considering the serious nature of the injuries, he was later shifted to Kovai Centre and Hospital, Coimbatore. To substantiate the serious nature of the injuries, the learned counsel relies on Annexures A1, A2, A3 and A4. It is pointed out by the learned counsel for the petitioner that, due to the impact, he was hospitalized for 40 days in ICU and underwent multiple surgeries. According to him, while he was undergoing treatment, a lawyer who came to the hospital assuring legal service, had obtained a vakalath from the petitioner and the same was executed by the petitioner to file a claim petition before the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal for compensation under section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act. However, by ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 5 ``` making use of the aforesaid vakalath, the said counsel appeared before the learned Magistrate and pleaded guilty to the offences in the absence of authorization of the petitioner. According to him, the plea of the accused was, thus, recorded in his absence and without any authorization. It was contended that while holding the appellant guilty and convicted him, the mandatory procedure as contemplated under sections 252 and 253 of Cr.PC was not strictly followed by the learned Magistrate, and therefore the order of conviction and sentence are liable to be interfered with. The learned counsel further pointed out that, considering the serious nature of the injuries, the finding of conviction and sentence would cause serious prejudice to him while pursuing the legal remedies under section 166 of the M.V. Act. It is further pointed out that, on the basis of a complaint submitted by the petitioner, Hemambika Nagar Police has registered Crime No.611/2022 in respect of the very same incident against Baby, who was driving the other vehicle for the offences punishable under sections 279,337 and 338 of IPC and it ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 6 ``` is under investigation. ``` ``` 5.On the other hand, the learned Public Prosecutor would oppose the aforesaid contention. It is pointed out that there is no illegality in the order passed by the learned Magistrate and the same was based on a plea of guilty made by the counsel who appeared on behalf of the petitioner. There are no materials indicating that such representation made by the counsel before the learned Magistrate was without any authorization of the petitioner. Considering the fact that the conviction passed by the learned Magistrate in this case was on the basis of a plea of guilty made on behalf of the accused, the scope of interference by invoking the powers of this Court under sections 397 r/w. Section 401 of Cr.PC is very much limited. The dismissal of the Revision Petition was sought by the learned Public Prosecutor in such circumstances. ``` ``` 6.In support of the contentions put forward by the learned counsel for the petitioner as to the necessity of the compliance of the statutory stipulations contained in the provisions in the Code of ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 7 ``` Criminal Procedure and the manner in which the decision has to be taken by the court based on plea of guilty, reliance was placed on the decision rendered by this Court in Raseen Babu K.M. v. State of Kerala [2021(4) KLT 22].In the said decision, the requirements to be complied with before acting upon the plea of guilty by the accused as contemplated under the provisions of Sections 229, 241 and 242 of Cr.PC were examined by this Court, in the light of various judicial precedents in this regard. After referring to such precedents as referred to above, including Jupudi Anand Gupta v. State of Andhra Pradesh [(2019)14 SCC 723],Mahant Kaushalya Das v. State of Madras [AIR 1966 SC 22], Queen-Empress v. Erugadu [ILR 15 Mad.83],the guidelines to be followed by the learned Magistrate while accepting the plea of guilty were formulated, which are mentioned in paragraph 11 of the said ``` ## `judgment and it is extracted as follows:` ``` “11. The relevant provisions and the precedents discussed above mandate compliance of the following requirements before acting upon the pleading of guilt by an accused; ``` > _`(i) The Magistrate should frame the charge, specifying the offences alleged against the accused;`_ CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 8 ``` (ii) The charge should be read over and explained to the accused; ``` ``` (iii) The accused should be asked whether he pleads guilty of the offence/s with which he is charged; ``` ``` (iv) The accused should plead guilty after understanding the seriousness of the allegations and the implications of pleading guilty. The plea should be voluntary and expressed in clear and unambiguous terms. ``` ``` (v) The Magistrate should record the accused's plea of guilty in the words of the accused, to the extent possible. ``` ``` (vi) The Magistrate, after considering all relevant factors should exercise his discretion and decide whether to accept the plea of guilty or not ``` ``` (vii) If the plea is accepted, the accused can be convicted and suitable punishment imposed.” ``` ``` 7.It is true that the aforesaid decision was ``` ``` rendered in a warrant case whereas the case at hand is ``` ``` a summons case. However, on going through the relevant provisions with regard to the manner in which a conviction based on a plea of guilty has to be accepted, it can be seen that, the relevant provisions are more or less similar. The only crucial difference is that in the case of warrant trial, before recording the plea of the accused, the charge has to be framed, whereas in the case of summons case what is required is to state to the accused, the particulars of the offences alleged against him and thereafter he should be asked whether he pleads guilty or has any defence to ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 9 ``` it. Thus, the only difference is that even though the framing of a formal charge is required for a warrant case, it is not necessary in a summons case. Apart from the above, all the other procedures contemplated for accepting the plea of guilty are the same. Sections 251 and 252 deal with the procedure to be adopted by the learned Magistrate while considering the plea of guilty made by the accused, which reads as follows: ``` ``` “S. 251:Under section 251 Code of Criminal Procedure, when the accused appears or is brought before the Magistrate, particulars of the offence with which he is accused or the accusation leveled against the accused shall be stated to him and he shall be asked whether he pleads guilty or has any defence to make. ``` ``` S. 252: If the accused pleads guilty, the Magistrate shall record the plea as nearly as possible in the words used by the accused and may, in his discretion convict him thereon” ``` ``` 8.From the perusal of the same, it is evident that when the accused pleads guilty, the Magistrate shall record the plea as nearly as possible in the words used by the accused and upon the discretion of the learned Magistrate, he can convict him for the offence. When coming to the facts of this case, it is seen that the plea of guilty was made by the learned counsel in the absence of the petitioner herein. The ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 10 ``` specific case of the petitioner is that, he never executed the vakalath in favour of the said counsel for the purpose of pleading guilty, but instead the vakalath executed by the petitioner was for the purpose of submitting a claim petition before the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal under section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act. It is the further case of the petitioner that, the plea of guilty made by the learned counsel was not as per the instructions given by him and therefore, under no circumstances, the same can be treated as a plea of guilty properly made by the petitioner. ``` ``` 9.However, after carefully going through the materials placed on record, I am of the view that the said contention as such cannot be accepted. The question whether the plea of guilty made by the counsel for the petitioner was without proper authorization or not, is a question of fact that cannot be adjudicated in a proceedings like this. Besides the same, it is also a fact that the petitioner did not provide any materials indicating the fact that he submitted any ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 11 ``` complaint against the lawyer concerned with regard to his act of pleading guilty without the instructions of the petitioner. ``` ``` 10.However, on going through the contents of the impugned judgment passed by the learned Magistrate, I find some inadequacy on the part of the learned Magistrate while acting upon the plea made by the learned counsel for the petitioner. There is a specific stipulation contemplated under section 252 of Cr.PC that if the accused pleads guilty, the Magistrate shall record the plea as nearly as possible in the words used by the accused. On going through the impugned order, I do not find any such plea being recorded. In paragraph 7 of Raseen Babu’s case (supra), this Court observed as follows: ``` ``` “7. The elaborate procedure prescribed in the above Sections makes it abundantly clear that, conviction of an accused based on the plea of guilty is not an empty formality. The procedure prescribed has to be followed strictly, since acceptance of the plea would result in an accused being convicted without trial. In this regard it is apposite to consider the legal meaning of the word "plead" which is 'to make, deliver, or file any pleading'; 'to conduct the pleadings in a cause'; 'interpose any pleading in a suit which contains allegations of fact,' 'to deliver in a formal manner the defendant's answer to the plaintiff's declaration, or to ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 12 ``` the indictment, as the case may be'. The meaning of the word 'guilty' in legal dictionaries is as follows: "Having committed a crime or tort; the word used by a prisoner in pleading to an indictment when he confesses the crime of which he is charged, and by the jury in convicting." Therefore, going by the meanings of the words 'plea and guilty, the term 'pleading guilty' should be require a positive and informed act of admitting all the elements of the offence / s. Mere lip service or a monosyllabic 'yes', in reply to a pointed question by the Court, cannot, under any circumstance, be equated with, or accepted as, pleading of guilt by the accused.” ``` ``` 11.Thus, it is evident that, as observed by this Court inRaseen Babu’s case (supra), the procedure regarding the recording of the plea of guilty is not an empty formality. The importance of such a proceeding lies in the fact that if such a plea is accepted, the accused is liable to be convicted without any trial which is a serious consequence. Therefore, whatever be the nature of the allegations raised against the accused and the nature of the punishment that can be imposed upon him consequent to the same, it is a serious affair and therefore, the trial court was bound to strictly follow all the procedures as contemplated under the relevant provisions of Cr.PC while accepting the plea of guilty. Such obligation is much heavier ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 13 ``` when consequences of such plea of guilty and the conviction on account of the same have an impact beyond the imposition of punishment contemplated for the offences. In this case, this being an offence relating to a motor accident, evidently, the plea of guilty and the conviction consequent to the same may have a serious impact on his claim under section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act before the competent Tribunal in this regard. It is evident from the records that, consequent to the accident, he sustained very serious injuries, had undergone treatment for several days and had undergone surgeries as well. In such circumstances, the order convicting the accused without properly following the statutory stipulations for recording the plea of guilty, would cause serious prejudice to him as it is not confined to the punishments for the offence alone. It goes beyond that and would impact the claim for compensation as well.. ``` ``` 12.Thus, when taking note of the above prejudice that is likely to cause the petitioner, coupled with the failure on the part of the learned Magistrate to ``` CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 14 ``` comply with the statutory stipulations in Sections 251 and 252 of Cr.PC, in its letter and spirit, I am of the view that interference is required, to do justice to the parties concerned. Thus, I find that this is a case in which the powers of this Court under Section 397 r/w. Section 401 of Cr.PC is to be invoked. ``` ``` In the result, this Crl.R.P. is allowed. The order passed by the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court-III, Palakkad on 26.8.2022 in S.T.No.800/2022 is set aside and the matter is remitted back to the learned Magistrate to conduct a fresh trial after recording the plea of the accused afresh. ``` ``` Sd/- ZIYAD RAHMAN A.A. JUDGE ``` pkk CRL.RP No.748 of 2022 15 ## `APPENDIX OF CRL.REV.PET 748/2022` |`PETITIONER ANNEXURES`|| |---|---| |`Annexure-A1`|`A TRUE COPY OF THE MEDICAL RECORDS OF THE`| ||`PETITIONER FROM VGM HOSPITAL, NO.2100,`| ||`TRICHY ROAD, RAJALAKSHMI MILL STOP,`| ||`COIMBATORE.`| |`Annexure-A2`|`A TRUE COPY OF THE DISCHARGE SUMMARY OF`| ||`THE PETITIONER FROM 25.01.2022 TO`| ||`29.01.2022 ISSUED BY DR. SUNNY VARGHESE`| ||`RAJAN, THANGAM HOSPITAL OF PMRC, WEST`| ||`YAKKARA, PALAKKAD.`| |`Annexure-A3`|`A TRUE COPY OF THE DISCHARGE SUMMARY OF`| ||`THE PETITIONER FROM 19.02.2022 TO`| ||`20.02.2022 ISSUED BY DR. AKSHAY`| ||`JAYAPRAKASH, THANGAM HOSPITAL OF PMRC,`| ||`WEST YAKKARA, PALAKKAD.`| |`Annexure-A4`|`A TRUE COPY OF THE DISCHARGE SUMMARY OF`| ||`THE PETITIONER ISSUED BY PROF. DR. S.G`| ||`THIRUMALAISAMY, KOVAI MEDICAL CENTRE AND`| ||`HOSPITAL COIMBATORE.`| |`Annexure-A5`|`A TRUE COPY OF ACCIDENT REGISTER- CUM-`| ||`WOUND CERTIFICATE OF AFORESAID BABY DATED`| ||`25.01.2022 ISSUED FROM SAI HOSPITAL,`| ||`OLAVAKKODE, PALAKKAD.`|