R.P.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016

## **IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM** ## **PRESENT** **THE HONOURABLE MRS. JUSTICE C.S. SUDHA** **FRIDAY, THE 24TH DAY OF JUNE 2022 / 3RD ASHADHA, 1944** **RP NO. 56 OF 2022** **AGAINST THE JUDGMENT DTD 1/11/2021 IN OP(C) 980/2016 OF HIGH** **COURT OF KERALA** **REVIEW PETITIONER/PETITIONER** **HUSSAIN AGED 63 YEARS S/O.ALAVI, KODAKKADAN KOMANCHERY HOUSE, KURUVATTOOR AMSOM DESOM AND POST, OTTAPALAM TALUK, PALAKKAD DISTRICT - 679 336.** **BY ADV R.SREEHARI** ## **RESPONDENT/RESPONDENT:** **HASSAN AGED 58 YEARS** **S/O.ALAVI, KODAKKADAN KOMANCHERY HOUSE, KURUVATTOOR AMSOM DESOM AND POST, OTTAPALAM TALUK, PALAKKAD DISTRICT - 679 336.** **THIS REVIEW PETITION HAVING COME UP FOR FINAL HEARING ON** **24.06.2022, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:** 2 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** ## **C.S. SUDHA, J.** **--------------------------------------------------------R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** **-----------------------------------------------------------Dated this the 24th day of June, 2022** ## **J U D G M E N T** This petition filed under Section 114 and Order 47 Rule 1 CPC is for reviewing the judgment dated 01/11/2021 dismissing O.P. (C)No.980/2016. The original petition was filed against the dismissal of Ext.P7, a review petition filed in O.S.No.51/2012 on the file of the Sub Court, Ottappalam. The plaintiff in the suit is the petitioner and the defendant, the respondent in the original petition and in this review petition. The parties herein will be referred to as described in the original petition. 2. The petitioner filed the aforesaid suit for partition. Ext.P1 plaint shows that there are two prayers in the plaint, namely, prayer ‘A’ for partition of the plaint schedule property by metes and bounds and for allotment of one-half share to the petitioner and prayer ‘B’ for settlement of accounts and for realizing past mesne profits of ₹ 25 lakhs and in case the 3 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** court finds more amount to be due to the petitioner, the said amount also, together with interest @ 12% p.a. from the date of suit till realization and costs from the respondent and his assets. Based on the pleadings of the parties, issues were framed by the court below as evidenced by Ext.P4. On 13/12/2013 an endorsement is seen made and signed by the counsel for either side in the Proceeding paper (Ext.P4-6) of the court below, which reads - “ _Preliminary decree of plaint schedule properties ½ share to the plaintiff and ½ share to the defendant leaving all other questions raised to be decided in the final decree stage. ½ court fee may be refunded._ ” (Emphasis supplied) ## 3. Ext.P5 judgment of the court below reads - _“Both sides agreed that a preliminary decree can be passed leaving the other questions to the stage of final decree. Hence a preliminary decree is passed as follows:_ _1. The plaint schedule property shall be partitioned by metes and bounds into 2 equal shares and one such share is allotted to the plaintiff._ _2. The defendant shall be entitled to get the remaining one share. 3. The allotment of share to the defendant is subject to the payment of requisite court fee._ 4 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** _4. The plaintiff shall be entitled to get past and future share of profits proportionate to his share, the quantum of which is left to be decided at the stage of final decree._ _5. The claim for past profit is limited to three years prior to the filing of the suit, but future profits shall accrue till the date of obtaining possession of the property._ _6. The costs of the suit shall flow from the estate._ _7. Any eligible party can apply for passing a final decree for effecting physical division of the property in tune with the directions._ _8. The suit is adjourned sine die for the above.”_ 4. Pursuant to Ext.P5 judgment, Ext.P7 application for review of the judgment was filed by the petitioner alleging that the court below had omitted to note that the respondent, as the power of attorney holder of the petitioner, was bound to show the accounts right from the date of agency and not merely for three years prior to the date of suit; that the court below ought not to have adjudicated on the issue of mesne profits in the preliminary decree as the parties had only consented to a decree for partition of the plaint schedule property and had agreed to relegate all other questions raised, to the final decree proceedings; that the court ought not to have limited the 5 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** entitlement of the plaintiff to past mesne profits for a period of 3 years and that as the decree was passed on consent, one-half court fee ought to have been refunded to the plaintiff. By Ext.P9 order dated 05/08/2015, Ext.P7 application for review was dismissed. 5. Aggrieved by Ext.P9 order, the aforesaid O.P.(C) had been filed by the petitioner reiterating the allegations in Ext.P7 application for review. When the original petition came up for hearing, the only point urged before this Court was that the court below had gone wrong in disallowing the request for refund of one-half court fees as provided under Section 69 of the Kerala Court Fees and Suits Valuation Act, 1959(the Act). The relevant portion of the judgment dated 01/11/2021 passed by this Court reads - _“4. The Court below by Ext.P5 judgment passed a decree for partition and ordered the plaint scheduled property to be partitioned by metes and bounds into two equal shares and to allot one share each to the petitioner and respondent respectively. All the other matters including the right of the petitioner-plaintiff to get past and future mesne profits proportionate to his share was relegated to be decided at the final decree stage. In such circumstances, the refund of half of the court fee paid by the petitioner-plaintiff cannot be ordered as the entire reliefs sought for_ 6 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** _in the plaint has not been decided on consent. That being the position, the court below was justified in not allowing refund of half of the court fee paid as prayed for. ……..”_ It is aggrieved by the aforesaid order, the present review petition has been filed. 6. Heard Sri.R.Sreehari, the learned counsel for the review petitioner and Sri.P.Jayaram, the learned counsel for the respondent. 7. In the present review petition it is alleged that- “the _judgment passed without considering the relief claimed in the suit is an error apparent on the face of the record and hence the judgment is liable to be reviewed_ .” Grounds (B) and (C) of the review petition relating to Ext.P5 judgment of the court below reads - _“B. In the judgment no adjudication whatsoever has been made by the Court below with respect to the claim of Rupees twenty-five lakhs. Therefore the finding entered by this Honourable Court with the said issue was relegated to be decided at the final decree stage is incorrect and what is relegated is with respect to the right of the Petitioner-Plaintiff to get past and future mesne profit proportionate to his share and not the monitary_ 7 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** _claim of Rupees twenty five lakhs. Therefore what is sought to be refunded is half of the Court fee paid with respect to the relief No.2 pertaining to a sum of Rupees twenty-five lakhs which has nothing to do with the mesne profit. Therefore the non-consideration of the material available on record warrants interference by revisional jurisdiction of this Honourable Court._ _C. It is submitted that the above omission on the part of this Honourable Court to consider the same is an error apparent on the face of the record. It is submitted that the said claim of Rupees twenty-five lakh in the plaint for which court fee was also paid will not be answered or considered in the final decree stage as the Preliminary decree passed does not confer such authority. Therefore this crucial aspect was erred to be considered by this Honourable Court while passing the impugned judgment.”_ 8. The learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that the court below in Ext.P5 judgment has not allowed prayer ‘B’ in the plaint claiming past mesne profits of ₹25 lakhs with interest and costs from the respondent. The said judgment has become final as no appeal has been preferred against the same and therefore it must be taken that the petitioner has given up/abandoned or not pressed the said relief. Hence as per the dictum in **Philomina Joseph vs. State of Kerala, 2009(1) KLT 591** and 8 **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** **High Court of Judicature at Madras rep. by its Registrar General vs. M.C. Subramaniam, 2021(3) SCC 560,** the petitioner must be held to be entitled to refund of one-half court fees. 9. Section 69 of the Act reads- “ _**69**_ **.** _**Refund in cases of compromise or when suit is decided on the admission of parties** . —When a suit or appeal is compromised or when a suit is decided solely on the admission of the parties without any investigation, one-half of the Court fee paid on the plaint or memorandum of appeal shall be ordered by the Court to be refunded to the parties by whom the same have been paid respectively. Provided that no refund shall be ordered where only one-tenth of the amount of fee on plaint as required by Section 4A or one-third of the amount of fee on memorandum of appeal as required by Section 52 has been paid by the parties.”_ (Emphasis supplied) Therefore, it is only when a suit is compromised or is decided solely on the admission of the parties without any investigation, that the plaintiff is entitled to refund of one-half court fees paid on the plaint. 10. In **M.C. Subramaniam** ( _Supra_ ), the gravamen of the petitioner's contention was that S.69A of the Tamil Nadu Court Fees and Suit 9 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** Valuation Act, 1955 (the said section is _pari materia_ to S.69A of the Act) dealing with refund on settlement of disputes under S.89 CPC, only contemplates refund of court fees in those cases where the Court itself refers the parties to any of the alternative dispute settlement mechanisms listed in S.89 and that it does not apply to circumstances where the parties, without any reference by the Court, privately agreed to settle their dispute outside the modes contemplated under S.89 CPC. The Apex Court rejected the said contention and held that though a strict construction of the terms of S.89 CPC and S.69A of the 1955 Act may not encompass such private negotiations and settlements between the parties, it was emphasized that the participants in such settlements would also be entitled to the same benefits as those who have been referred to explore alternate dispute settlement methods under S.89 CPC. 11. In **Philomina Joseph** ( _Supra_ ) a Division Bench of this Court held that when a suit is dismissed as not pressed, the plaintiff is admitting that he has no case and binds himself by way of O.II R.2 CPC. 10 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** This according to the Bench, is an admission and as the suit is decided without any investigation, S.69 of the Act applies and so the plaintiff is entitled to refund of one-half court fees. 12. **Philomina Joseph** ( _Supra_ ) has been overruled by a Full Bench decision of this Court in **Abdul Azeez vs. Nedungadi Bank Ltd., Kollam: 2017(2) KHC 389** . It has been held that a suit is decided solely on the admission of the parties without any investigation only if the plaint claim or the counter claim is conceded in whole or in part by the defendant or the plaintiff as the case may be. An 'admission' in the context can only mean acknowledgment as true (about which there is no dispute) which has to emanate from the person who was originally resisting the claim. A unilateral assertion by the plaintiff in the plaint claim or by the defendant in the counter claim withdrawing therefrom tantamount to an abandonment or relinquishment and is not an 'admission'. A mere submission or statement of one of the parties that there has been a settlement with the other cannot be treated as an admission made in the proceedings before Court. The Bench 11 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** referring to Order XII R.6 CPC and S.19 of the Evidence Act held that the said statutory provisions imply that the Court is absolved of the duty to determine the disputed fact when the same asserted in the pleading or otherwise, is conceded to by the opponent in view of the admission. The admission should not only be against the interest of the maker but should also concede in whole or in part, the claim made by the opponent for the same to be legally reckoned. The result of such a 'compromise' or an 'admission' would enable the Court to dispose of the suit without any investigation clothing the plaintiff with the right to seek refund of one-half of the fee paid thereon. It is not the mere absence of investigation that determines the entitlement of the plaintiff to claim refund of fee. The absence of investigation is a corollary of the compromise or admission on the basis of which the suit is disposed of and the same is not an indicia for S.69 of the Act to apply. 12.1. It has been further held that, when the plaintiff submits that he does not want a decree as the matter has been settled by him and the 12 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** defendant, the latter does not admit any fact pleaded by the former. The judgment passed on such submission is not a judgment on admission. Abandonment is relinquishment, the meaning of which is giving up. The plaintiff may relinquish any one or more of the claims, or all the claims made in his pleadings. Relinquishment of a portion of the claim is covered by Order II R.2 sub-R.2 CPC. When he relinquishes all his claims, it is abandonment of the suit. When he submits to the Court that his suit may be dismissed because the dispute between him and the defendant has been settled, it is neither admission, nor compromise, but abandonment of the suit, the provision for which is made in Order XXIII R.1 CPC. Abandonment can be either through positive submission or through silence leading to lapse. If one allows his suit to go for default, that will be abandonment by silence. It is also open to him to abandon the suit by making a direct request to the Court after due appearance. By stating "not pressed", the plaintiff is actually abandoning the suit. Admission is a unilateral act while compromise is a bilateral act. An admission made by a defendant should always result in a 13 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** decree in favour of the plaintiff (unless there is a legal impediment) while a compromise need not. Like admission, abandonment of a suit also is a unilateral act, the result of which is dismissal of the suit. Holding so the decision in **Philomina Joseph** ( _Supra_ ) was overruled. 13. This Court is not sure whether the counsel has deliberately or by mistake cited the decision in **Philomina Joseph** , which has been overruled. I refrain from making any further comments, suffice it to say that whether it is by mistake, deliberate or otherwise, it is quite unfortunate. 14. Now the question is, has the suit in this case been compromised or decided solely on basis of the admission of the parties without any investigation entitling the plaintiff to refund of one-half court fees paid on the plaint as provided under Section 69 of the Act ? The answer I am afraid will have to be in the negative. As per the endorsement seen in Ext.P4-6, the parties have only consented for a decree relating to prayer ‘A’ in the plaint. The endorsement makes it clear that the remaining disputes, which include the relief sought for in prayer ‘B’ of the plaint relating to past 14 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** mesne profits of ₹25 lakhs, had not been given up as argued on behalf of the petitioner before this Court. On the other hand, they agreed to relegate it to be decided in the final decree proceedings. It is another matter that the court below gave reliefs relating to the same also by Ext.P5 judgment, which has become final also. The fact that the petitioner continued to claim the relief relating to past mesne profits even after Ext.P5 judgment is quite clear from the averments in the review petition, namely, Ext.P7, filed before the court below as well as from the averments contained in the Original Petition filed before this Court to which reference has already been made. A suit is not disposed of by the mere passing of a preliminary decree. ( **Shub Karan Bubna v. Sita Saran Bubna (2009)9 SCC 689; Bimal Kumar v. Shakuntala Debi, (2012)3 SCC 548)** . The final decree proceeding is a continuation of the preliminary decree proceeding and the suit comes to an end only when a final decree is drawn. **[Kattukandi Edathil Krishnan v.** **Kattukandi Edathil Valsan: MANU/SC/0772/2022 : 2022 SCC Online SC 737].** 15 ## **R.P.No.56 of 2022 in O.P.(C)No.980 of 2016** 15. The suit in this case has not been compromised or decided solely on the admission of the parties without any investigation as provided under Section 69 of the Act and so the petitioner is not entitled to refund of one-half court fee as prayed for. There is no error apparent on the face of the record warranting a review in the judgment dated 01/11/2021 in O.P.(C) No. 980/2016. In the result, the review petition is found to be without any merits and hence the same is dismissed. Sd/- **C.S. SUDHA** ami/