Rishabh Choudhary v. Union of India & Ors.

## [2017] l S.C.R. 559 ## RISHABH CHOUDHARY A v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. (Writ Petition (Civil) No. 677 of 2016) JANUARY 23, 2017 B [MADAN B. LOKUR AND PRAFULLA C. PANT, JJ.] _Education_ - _Admissions_ - _MBBS Course_ - _Writ petitioner granted admission in MBBS by the respondent-Medical College, through an examination called CGMAT-2016, in contravention of Supreme Court's order dated 11'[1] ' April 2016 directing that admission to MBBS course would only be through National Eligibility-cumEntrance Test (NEET)_ - _Validity of_ - _Held: Notification dated 21" Dec. 2010 issued by the Medical Council of India (MCI) was resurrected by Supreme Court's order dated 11'" April 2016, recalling its judgment dated 18'" July 2013 in_ Christian Medical College, Vellore's case, _implying that admission to MBBS course would only be through NEET-I and NEET-II and by no other process of admission_ - _Thus, there was absolutely no occasion for the College to have conducted the counseling of the petitioner on 19'" April 2016 i.e. after recall order dated 11'[1] ' April 2016_ - _Further, the examination conducted by the college on 3"[1 ] April, 2016 was also in defiance of the schedule prescribed by the MCI (and approved_ - _by Supreme Court) for holding MBBS entrance examinations Therefore, admission granted to petitioner set aside·- Petitioner, a victim of maladministration of the College and the State of Chhattisgarh and his plight is unfortunate but it cannot be helped_ - _Constitution of India_ - _Art.32._ c D E F ## Dismissing the writ petitions, the Court HELD: 1.1. By an order dated lllh April 2016 in _Medical Council of India .v. Christian Medical College, Ve/lore_ & _Ors._ a bench of five learned judges of this Court recalled the decision rendered in _*Christian Medical College, Ve/lore_ & _Ors. v. Medical Council of India_ which quashed notification dated 21" Dec. 2010 which made admissions to MBBS course possible only through National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET). [Paras 2, 3] [562B-D] G H 559 560 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (20 I 7] I S.C.R. A _Christian Medical Cal/ege, Ve/lore & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors._ (2014) 2 SCC 305 : [2013] 7 SCR 908 - referred to. _Medical Council of India v. Christian Medical College, Ve/lore & Ors._ (2016) 4 SCC 342 - relied on. B 1.2 Thus, in view of this order and various other orders passed by this Court from time to time, it was clear that the notification dated 21" December, 2010 stood resurrected and that admissions to the MBBS course could only be through NEET-1 and NEET-11. No other process of admission was permissible. c [Pi,irft 111 1_564-B] _Sanka/p Charitable Trust & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors._ (2016) 7 SCC 487 - relied on. > 1.3 The examination CGMAT-2016 conducted by the College on 3'" April, 2016 was also contrary to the schedule > D prescribed by Medical Council of India (MCI) (and approved by this Court) for holding the MBBS entrance examinations. [Para 13 J [564-D-EJ _Ashish Ran Jan v. Union of India_ 2016 ( 4) SCALE 370 - relied on. E > 1.4 Furthermore, the petitioner's counseling was carried out on 19'" April, 2016 which was after the decision of this Court on 11" April, 2016 recalling the decision dated 18" July, 2013. There was absolutely no occasion for the College to have conducted the counseling after the recall order passed by this > F Court on 11" April, 2016. The effect of the recall order was that the notification issued by the Medical Council of India on 21" December, 2010 effectively stood revived in the sense that NEET was the only option available for admission to the MBBS course. The College and the State of Chhattisgarh ought to have been aware of these facts, but seem to have turned a blind eye not only G > to the 'ordei's of this Court b11t to the notifications issued by the· Medical Council of India. [Para 14] [564-G-H; 565-A-B] H > 2. The College and the State of Chhattisgarh have not adhered to the law with the result that the petitioner became a victim of circumstances giving him a cause of action to proceed 561 RISHABH CHOUDHARY v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. against the College and the State of Chhattisgarh being a victim of their maladministration. The plight of the petitioner is unfortunate but it cannot be helped. However, the petitioner is at liberty to proceed against the College and the State of Chhattisgarh in any appropriate manner. [Paras 15, 17] [565-CD, F] A B ## Case Law Reference [2Q13] 7 SCR 908 referred to Para2 (2016) 4 sec 342 relied on Para3 2016 (4) SCALE 370 relied on Para 7 c (2016) _1_ sec 487 relied on Paras 8, 9 CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition (Civil) No. 677 of 2016. Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India. D ## WITH W. P. (C) No. 862 of 2016. Kapil Sibal, Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Subramanian Prasad, Sr. Advs., S. Udaya Kumar Sagar, Ms. Bina Madhavan, Krishna Kumar Singh, Mrityunjai Singh, Vaibhav Srivastava, Harsh Parashar, Advs. for the Petitioner. E Vikas Singh, Sr. Adv., Gaurav Sharma, Prateek Bhatia, Dhaval Mohan, Ms. Amandeep Kaur, Ms. Vara Gaur, Ms. Deepeika Kalia, Ajay Sharma, Saudamini Sharma, Ms. Rekha Pandey, R. K. Rathore, G.S. Makker, Ajay Marwah, Aniruddha P. Mayee, A. Se Iv in Raja, Advs. for the Respondents. F The Judgment of the Court was delivered by MADAN B. LOKUR, J. W. P. (C) No. 677 OF 2016 I. The question for consideration in this writ petition filed under Article 32 of the Constitution concerns the validity of admission granted to the petitioner by respondent No.3 (C.M. Medical College & Hospital - for short the College) to the MBBS course. In our opinion, the admission granted by the College to the petitioner was unjustified and therefore his admission is set aside. G 2. On 21" December, 20 I 0 a gazette notification was is'sued by H 562 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2017] I S.C.R. A the Medical Council of India amending the "Regulations on Graduate Medical Education, 1997" to the effect, _inter alia,_ that admissions to the MBBS course shall be based solely on marks obtained in the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (for short NEET). This notification was challenged by, amongst others, Christian Medical College Vellore in a batch of petitions before this Court which came to be allowed. The B decision of this Court is dated 18" July, 2013 and is reported as _Christian Medical College, Ve/lore_ & _Ors. v. Union of India_ & _Ors.'_ The gazette notification dated 21" December, 20 I 0 was quashed. As a result, admission of a student to the MBBS course through NEET was no longer mandatory. B c 3. Subsequently, petitions were filed for a review of the decision rendered by this Court and these review petitions ultimately came to be referred to a Bench of five learned judges of this Court. By an order dated I J 'h April, 2016 in _Medical Council of India v. Christian Medical College, Ve/lore_ & _Ors.'_ the review petitions were allowed and the decision rendered by this Court on 18'h July, 2013 was recalled and it was directed that all the matters be considered afresh. D E 4. Prior to this, the College wrote to the State ofChhattisgarh on or about 29[1] h October, 2015 seeking permission to conduct examinations for the management quota and NR! seats for the MBBS course for the academic year 2016-17. The State ofChhattisgarh granted permission to the College to conduct examinations by its letter dated 5" November, 2015. F 5. Consequent upon the permission granted by the State of Chhattisgarh to conduct examinations, the College issued an advertisement inviting applications on 28'h January, 2016 and eventually conducted the examination on 3"' April, 2016. The examination called CGMAT-2016 was monitored by the State of Chhattisgarh and according to the College as well as the State there were no irregularities in the conduct of the examination. G 6. The result of the examination was declared on 11"April,2016 and the petitioner qualified in the examination. On I 9'h April, 2016 that is after this Court had decided to review its decision and had recalled the judgment dated 18'" July, 2013, counseling was conducted for the petitioner and he was granted admission for the MBBS course by the 1 (2014)2 sec 305 H '\2016) 4 sec 342 RISHABH CHOUDHARY v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. [MADAN B. LOKUR, J.] 563 ## College after all formalities were completed. 7. Atthis stage, it may be mentioned thatthe Medical Council of India published a notification in 2015 amending the "Regulations on Graduate Medical Education, 1997" whereby a time schedule for completion of the admission process for First MBBS Course was prescribed. This notification is reproduced and the Schedule given therein wa~ approved in _Ashish Ranj11n v. Union of India'_ decided on 18"' January, 2016. As per the prescribed schedule, the conduct of entrance examination was to take place between I" and 7'h May and the result of the qualifying examination/entrance examination was to be declared by I'' June. In other words, the examination conducted by the College on 3'd April, 2016 being CGMAT-2016 was in defiance of the notification issued by the Medical Council of India, and the schedule approved by this Court. Similarly, admission granted to the petitioner on 19"' April, 2016 was notwithstanding the orders of this Court passed on l J 'h April, 2016 read with the notification dated 21" December, 2010 and the schedule prescribed by the Medical Council oflndia. 8. There are a few other orders passed by this Court which are of some significance. On 28'h April, 2016 it was directed by this Court in _Sankalp Charitable Trust & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors."_ that NEET Phase I would be held in terms of the notification dated 21" December, 2010 issued by the Medical Council oflndia. TheAll lndia Pre-Medical Test would be held on 1" May, 2016. Thereafter, Phase II ofNEET for the left out candidates would be held on 24'h July, 2016. It was made clear that since the judgment and order dated 18th July, 2013 had been recalled, the notification dated 21" December, 20 I 0 was in operation. A B c D E F 9. By an order dated 6"' May, 2016 in _Sankalp Charitable Trust_ it was made clear that no examination shall be permitted to be held for admission for MBBS studies by any private college or association or any private/deemed University. 10. Subsequently on 9'h May, 2016 this Court declined to modify the order dated 28'h April, 2016. An order was also passed making it clear that all such candidates who could not appear in NEET-1 and those who had appeared but had an apprehension that they had not prepared well, would be permitted to appear in NEET-11 subject to an option from G 'r2016) 11sec22s • (2016) 1sec487 H 564 [2017] I S.C.R. ' :.. ## SUPREME COURT REPORTS - A these candidates to give up their candidature for NEET-1. It was further clarified that only NEETwould enable students to get admission to MBBS studies. - I 1. In view of all these orders passed by this Court from time to - time, it is more than abundantly clear that the notification dated 21" - B December, 20 I 0 stood resurrected and that admissions to the MBBS course could only through NEET-1 and NEET-11. No other process of admission was permissible. Given this background, the Director of Medical Education in Chhattisgarh wrote to the College on or about l 3'h July, 2016 to take steps to cancel all the admissions made by the College in terms of the examination CGMAT-2016 held for students for the - c management quota and NRI quota. Eventually by a letter dated 28'h July, 2016 the Director of Medical Education in Chhattisgarh recommended to the College to cancel admissions made to the MBBS course. This prompted the petitioner to file a writ petition in this Court. 12. It is submitted and prayed by the petitioner that since he had D already been granted admission by the College after the examination CGMAT-2016 was conducted by the College and supervised and monitored by the State of Chhattisgarh and in which there were no allegations of impropriety, his admission should not be disturbed. It is submitted that the petitioner was certainly not at fault and there is no - E reason why he should be the victim of an apparent wrong committed by the College as also by the State of Chhattisgarh . . 13. We have considered the su.bmissions made by learned counsel appearing on behalfofthe petitioner and the College supporting him but are not inclined to accept them. It is quite clear that the examination F CGMAT-2016 was conducted by the College on 3'' April, 2016 contrary to the schedule prescribed by the Medical Council of India (and approved by this Court) for holding the MBBS entrance examinations. The question is not of any impropriety in the conduct of the examination but the question is really one of adhering to a particular discipline laid down by the Medical Council oflndia and approved by th is Court. G 14.Furthermore we find that counseling was carried out insofar as the petitioner is concerned on 19'h April, 2016 which is after the decision of this Court on J J •h April, 2016 recalling the decision dated 18"' July, 2013. There was absolutely no occasion for the College to have conducted the counseling after the recall order passed by this Court on H .. R!SHABH CHOUDHARY v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 565 [MADAN B. LOKUR, J.] 11 "'Apri I, 2016. The effect of the recall order, as mentioned above, was that the notification issued by the Medical Council of India on 21" . December, 2010 effectively stood revived in the sense that N EET was the only option available for admission to the MBBS course. The College and the State of Chhattisgarh ought to have been aware of these facts, but seem to have turned a blind eye not only to the orders of this Court but to the notifications issued by the Medical Council oflndia. 15. The question before this Court is not who is to be blamed for the present state of affairs - whether it is the students or the College or the State of Chhattisgarh. The question is really whether the rule of law should prevail ornot. In our opinion, the answer is unambiguously in the affirmative. The College and the State ofChhattisgarh have not adhered to the law with the result that the petitioner became a victim of circumstances giving him a cause of action to proceed against the College and the State ofChhattisgarh being a victim of their maladministration. The plight of the petitioner is unfortunate but it cannot be helped. 16. We were told during the course of submissions that some similarly placed students participated in NEET and qualified in the examination. Those students like the petitioner who did not participate in NEET and placed their trust only in the College and the State of Chhattisgarh took a gamble and that gamble has unfortunately not succeeded. While our sympathies may be with the petitioner and similarly placed students, we cannot go contrary to the orders passed by this Court from time to time only for their benefit. 17. Under the circumstances, we find no ground has been made out for granting relief to the petitioner. There is no merit in this writ petition and it is accordingly dismissed. However, we make it clear that the petitioner is at liberty to proceed against the College and the State of Chhattisgarh in any appropriate manner. A B c D E F ## **W.P.** (C} No. **862 OF 2016** 18. We find no reason to entertain this petition under Article 32 of · the Constitution and it is accordingly dism;ssed. G 19. In view of the order passed in the writ petition the application for impleadment stands disposed of. **Divya Pandey** **Writ Petitions dismissed.** H