Ramakrishnan K.R v. Manager, Court of Enquiry Commissioner and Special Judge, Thrissur & State of Kerala

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT: THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE P.UBAID TUESDAY, THE 20TH DAY OF JUNE 2017/30TH JYAISHTA, 1939 CRL.A.No. 741 of 2012 (C) -------------------------AGAINST CC 118/2011 of C.J.M COURT,THRISSUR APPELLANT(S)/APPELLANT/ACUSED.: ---------------------------------------- RAMAKRISHNAN.K.R S/O.KURUMBAN KANDATH RAVUNNY, ETTUMANA DESAM, P.O.OORAKAM, THRISSUR. ## BY ADV. SRI.P.V.CHANDRA MOHAN ## RESPONDENTS/COMPLAINANT.: ----------------------------------- 1. MANAGER, COURT OF ENQUIRY COMMISSIONER COURT OF ENQUIRY COMMISSIONER AND SPECIAL JUDGE, THRISSUR-680 001. 2. STATE OF KERALA REPRESENTED BY THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR, HIGH COURT OF KERALA, ERNAKULAM-682 031. R1 & R2 BY PUBLIC PROSECUTOR SRI.ALEX M.THOMBRA - THIS CRIMINAL APPEAL HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON - 20-06-2017, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: ## **P.UBAID, J. ~~~~~~~~~~ Crl.A No.741 of 2012 ~~~~~~~~~~~ Dated this the 20[th ] June, 2017** ## **J U D G M E N T** The appellant herein is aggrieved by a prosecution initiated against him by the learned Special Judge (Vigilance), Thrissur under Section 211 I.P.C before the Chief Judicial Magistrate's Court, Thrissur. The appellant had filed a complaint before the Special Court, against one Rekha alleging offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The said complaint was forwarded for investigation to the Vigilance and Anti-Corruption Bureau (VACB) under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C. On the said complaint, the VACB registered a crime as VC 13/09/TSR under Sections 7,8,9 and 13 of the Prevention of corruption Act ( for short “the P.C Act). After thorough investigation, the VACB submitted a report in the Special Court, referring the crime on the finding that the complaint is false, and the VACB sought sanction of the court below to prosecute the complainant under Section 211 I.P.C. On the basis of the said report, the learned trial Judge initiated a proceeding against the **Crl.A No.741 of 2012** **2** appellant (complainant) under Section 340 Cr.P.C. He was given show cause notice and an enquiry was conducted by the learned trial Judge under Section 340 Cr.P.C. On enquiry, the learned trial Judge found that the complainant is liable for prosecution under Section 211 I.P.C for having filed a false complaint against Rekha, and accordingly, ordered a complaint to be filed before the Chief Judicial Magistrate Court by the Manager of the Special Court. The said order passed by the trial court under Section 340 Cr.P.C, and also the complaint against the appellant under Section 211 I.P.C are under challenge in this appeal brought under Section 341 Cr.P.C. 2. When this appeal came up for hearing, the learned counsel for the appellant raised a legal issue that a prosecution against the appellant under Section 211 I.P.C is not possible in this case, because the finding made by the trial court on enquiry is not with respect to any judicial proceeding. The learned counsel submitted that Section 195 (1) (b) (i) Cr.P.C applies only in a case where the offence under Section 211 I.P.C is committed in, or in relation to, any proceeding in any court. This is a case where the **Crl.A No.741 of 2012** **3** complaint filed by the complainant before the Special Court was forwarded for investigation under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C to the VACB, and after thorough investigation, the VACB referred the crime finding that it is a false complaint, and the VACB also sought permission of the court to initiate prosecution against the complainant under Section 211 I.P.C. The recommendation or request of the VACB is not to the court to initiate prosecution under Section 211 I.P.C, but to sanction a prosecution by the Police under Section 211 I.P.C. On the said report, the learned trial Judge acted and proceeded for enquiry under Section 340 Cr.P.C. 3. The learned counsel cited a decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Nirmaljit Singh Hoon v. The State of West Bengal [(1973) 3 SCC 753], wherein such an issue was considered. 4. The law under under Section 195 (1) (b) (i) Cr.P.C as regards a prosecution under Section 211 I.P.C is that no court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under Section 211 I.P.C, when such offence is alleged to have been committed in, or in relation to, any proceeding in any court, except on the complaint in writing of the court, or by **Crl.A No.741 of 2012** **4** such officer of the court as that court may authorise in writing in this behalf, or of some other court to which that court is subordinate. Thus, a court can make a complaint alleging an offence under Section 211 I.P.C after an enquiry under Section 340 Cr.P.C or otherwise, comes only in a case where the said offence was committed in, or in relation to, any proceeding in any court. 5. Though the complaint was filed by the appellant before the Special Court, it was forwarded for investigation to the VACB under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C. On an examination of the complaint, the trial court found the necessity of investigation, and the court was not inclined to proceed under Section 200 Cr.P.C for enquiry. Had it been a case of enquiry by the court itself under Section 200 Cr.P.C, the court could have proceeded for enquiry under Section 340 Cr.P.C and made a complaint against the complainant under Section 211 Cr.P.C in the appropriate court. But here the case is different. 6. Once a complaint is forwarded for investigation by the court under Section 156(3) Cr.P.C, it goes off the files of the court, and once it reaches the Police Station, it **Crl.A No.741 of 2012** **5** becomes as good as a complaint directly received from the complainant. Such a complaint will not have any sanctity under the law. The Police can proceed on the said complaint, as provided under the Code of Criminal Procedure, and it will not get any special consideration as a complaint forwarded from court. Practically, instead of filing the complaint directly before the Police, the complainant filed it in court and got it forwarded under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C. 7. On investigation, the VACB found that it is a false complaint, and accordingly referred the crime. Sanction of the court was also sought to initiate prosecution against the complainant under Section 211 I.P.C. This is a case where the VACB could have initiated prosecution under Section 211 I.P.C. 8. In _Nirmaljit Singh Hoon's_ case cited supra, a complaint was forwarded for investigation by the Magistrate under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C and during investigation, the complainant produced some documents before the Police. The Police found that the documents are not genuine and accordingly, referred the crime. On the basis of the finding **Crl.A No.741 of 2012** **6** made by the Police that the document must be a forged one, the complainant therein sought action against the accused under Section 211 I.P.C. There also arose the question of bar of cognizance under Section 195 Cr.P.C,. The Hon'ble Supreme Court held in the said case that the court of the learned Magistrate could not have initiated prosecution under Section 211 I.P.C because the documents in question, alleged to have been forged, were produced before the Police during investigation, and not tendered in evidence in any judicial proceeding. The Hon'ble Supreme Court also held that investigation conducted by the Police on a complaint forwarded under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C cannot be treated as an investigation on behalf of the Magistrate, and the Police will have independent powers of investigation. Prosecution under Section 211 I.P.C in respect of any document produced before the Police during such investigation will not come under the purview of Section 195 (1) (b)(i) Cr.P.C. 9. In this case also, I find that a prosecution under Section 211 I.P.C against the appellant by the Special Court is not possible because once the complaint was forwarded **Crl.A No.741 of 2012** **7** for investigation under Section 156 (3) Cr.P.C, it became a complaint directly received from the party with all legal consequences, and subject to all procedures under the Code of Criminal Procedure. In a case where the complaint proceeded under Section 200 Cr.P.C, and the court found an enquiry, that it is a false complaint, the position will be different, and in such a case, a complaint for prosecution under Section 211 I.P.C will have to be filed by the court. Once the complaint has gone off the files, and gained the status of a complaint, directly received from the party, there is no question of application of the provisions of Section 195 (1) (b) (i) Cr.P.C because the alleged offence was not committed in, or in relation to, any proceeding in court. The dictum laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case cited supra is applicable to this case also. It is not known whether the VACB has brought prosecution against under Section 211 I.P.C. 10. In the light of the legal issue settled by the Hon'ble Supreme Court, and also the spirit and object of the provision regarding bar of cognizance under Section 195 (1) (b) (i) Cr.P.C as regards the offence punishable under **8** ## **Crl.A No.741 of 2012** Section 211 I.P.C, I find that the prosecution brought against the appellant by the Special Court is liable to be quashed. In the result, this appeal is allowed. Accordingly, the order passed by the court below against the appellant under Section 340 Cr.P.C on 10.3.2011 in C.M.P.717/2009 for a prosecution under Section 211 I.P.C and also the complaint made by the court below before the Chief Judicial Magistrate's Court, Thrissur against the appellant pursuant to the said judicial order, and pending as C.C No.118/2011, will stand set aside. **Sd/P.UBAID JUDGE** ma /True copy/ P.S to Judge