PUNJAB WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE BOARD v. RANJODH SINGH

PUNJAB WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE BOARD _v._ RANJODH SINGH AND ORS. ## DECEMBER 6, 2006 (S.B. SINHA AND MARKANDEY KA TJU, JJ.] _Service /aw-Regularisation-Employee engaged on contractual basis by statutory bodies-Regularisation, claim of, on basis of purported scheme of regularisation by State-Grant of, by High Court-Correctness of-Held:_ C _Statutory bodies are bound to apply Recruitment Rules laid down under statutory rules and also constitutional provisions being a 'State'-Policy decision cannot be adopted by means of a circular letter since it is not a statutory instrument-Any departmental letter cannot prevail over statutory rule and constitutional provisions-Policy decision adopted in terms of Article_ D _162 would be void-High Court issued directions on basis of the purported policy decision of State-Purported directions of the State sought to supercede statutory rules, thus bad in law-Appointment made without following the procedure_ ultra _vires-Thus, order of High Court set aside-Constitution of India-Articles 12, 14, 16 and 16?._ E Appellant-Board undertook certain work and engaged respondents on contractual basis. Thereafter, appellant terminated the services of the respondents and also rejected their prayer for regularisation in terms of the scheme framed for regularisation by the State. Respondent filed writ 11c!:tion seeking implementation of the scheme by appellant and regularisation of their services. High Court directed the appellant to re- F instate the respondents in service and regularise their services. Hence the present appeals. Appellant-Board contended that the purported scheme of State of Punjab cannot be said to be applicable to the employees. ## Allowing the appeals, the Court HELD: 1.1. A statutory board is an autonomous body. Nothing has been brought to notice to show that under the statute any _direction iggued_ by the State shall be binding on it. The State may have some control with H 317 318 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006) SUPP. 10 S.C.R. A regard to recruitment of employees of local authorities, but such control must be exercised by the State strictly in terms of the provisions of the Act. The statutory bodies are bound to apply the rules of recruitment laid down under statutory rules. They being 'States' within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution of India, are bound to implement the B constitutional scheme of equality. Neither the statutory bodies can refuse to fulfil such constitutional duty, nor the State can issue any direction contrary to or inconsistent with the constitutional principles adumbrated under Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. The purported directions of the State were otherwise bad in law in so far as thereby the statutory rules were sought to be superceded. A circular letter furthermore is not a C statutory instrument. It was not even issued by the State in exercise of the power under Article 162 of the Constitution. Even a scheme issued under Article 162 of the Constitution, would not prevail over statutory rules. High Court did not address.itself to these questions.1322-D-H] ## D _Pankaj Gupta and Ors._ v. _State of J&K and Ors.,_ [2004] 8 SCC 353 - referred to. 1.2. Once it is held that the terms and conditions of service including the recruitment of employees were to be governed either by the statutory rules or rules framed under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution E of India, it must necessarily be held that any policy decision adopted by the State in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 162 of the Constitution of India would be illegal and without jurisdiction. The distinction between irregularity and illegality is explicit. 1323-H; 324-A-B] _Umarani_ v. _Registrar, Cooperative Societies and Ors.,_ [2004) 7 SCC F 112; _Secretary, State of Karnataka and Ors._ v. _Umadevi and Ors.,_ [20061 4 SCC 1; _National Fetilizers Ltd and Ors._ v. _Somvir Singh,_ (2006] 5 SCC 493; _State of Madhya Pradesh and Ors._ v. _Yogesh Chandra Dubey and Ors.,_ (2006) 8 SCC 67 and _State of MP. & Ors._ v. _La/it Kumar Verma,_ (2006] 12 SCALE 642, referred to. ## G 1.3. High Court did not issue a writ of mandamus on arriving at a findmg that the respondents had a legal right in relation to their claim for regularisation, which it was obligated to do. It proceeded to issue the directions only on the basis of the purported policy decision adopted by the State. It failed to notice that a policy decision cannot be adopted by H means of a circular letter and, even a policy decision adopted in terms of PUNJAB WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE BOARD _v._ RANJODH SINGH [S.B. SINHA, J.J 319 Article 162 of the Constitution of India in that behalf would be void. Any A departmental letter or executive instruction cannot prevail over statutory rule and constitutional provisions. Thus, any appointment, made without following the procedure would be _ultra vires._ (327-E-Gl _Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd._ v. _Workman, Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd.,_ [2006) 12 SCALE 1; _Municipal Corporation, Jabalpur_ B v. _Om Prakash Dubey,_ Civil Appeal No.5607/2006 decided by Supreme Court on 5.12.2006; _State of Punjab and Ors._ v. _Lakhwinder Singh and Ors.,_ Civil Appeal No.7995 of2002 decided by S.C. on 7.9.2006; _Chief Commissioner of Income Tax, Bhopal and Ors._ v. _Mis. Leena Jain and Ors.,_ [2006) 12 SCALE 411, referred to. C C 1.4. The submission that as the respondents are qualified to hold the posts and they had been continuously working for a long time, this Court may not interfere with the impugned judgment, cannot be accepted. [328-C-DJ 1.5. It was submitted that the respondents were employed on daily rated basis and their services were transferred to the Corporation. No such case was made out and in any event, as and when the respondents themselves agreed to be appointed on a contractual basis by appellant-Board, at this juncture they cannot be heard to say that the purported transfer Qf their services by the State of Punjab to the appellant-Board was illegal. Even no such case has been made out in the special leave petition. (328-D-Ej CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 5632 of2006. From the final Judgment and Order dated 26.5.2005 of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in C.W.P. No. 13897/2004. Varuna Bhandari Gusain, Rameshwar Prasad Goyal and Ruchi Kohli for the Appellant. M.R. Rajendran Nair, Anurag Singh, Narender Yadav, Mushtaq Ahmad, G Neeraj Kumar Jain, Sanjay Singh, Ugra Shankar Prasad, Jasbir Singh Malik, T.S. Gujral and Kamakshi S. Mehlwal for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by S.B. SINHA, J. Leave granted. H SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. 10 S.C.R. 320 A These appeals involve the question of applicability of a purported policy decision of the State as regards regularisation of services of the employees of Appellant-Board. It is a local authority. It undertakes execution of schemes of various nature including laying down of sewerage lines, water supply etc. for B Municipalities, Municipal Corporations and Improvement Trusts. For each scheme, estimates are prepared and expenses therefor are borne by the principal. Respondents in these appeals were engaged on contract basis in two C different schemes, i.e., for maintenance of water supply and sewerage lines for Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana and for maintenance of tube wells installed under URP project for Mu.nicipal Corporation, Hoshiarpur respectively. Their services were terminated. Respondents prayed for regularisation of the services. The said prayer was rejected by the appellant in terms of the scheme framed scheme for regularisation by the State of D Punjab on 23.1.2001 and 28.3.2003. > Writ petitions were filed by the respondents, _inter a/ia,_ for issuance of a Writ in the nature Mandamus directing the respondents therein 'including appellant-Board to implement the said scheme of regulation of their services E and setting aside the orders rejecting such prayers made on their behalf. By > reason of the impugned judgment, the High Court allowed the writ petitions directing the appellant to reinstate the respondents in service with all consequential benefits. Appellant was also directed to regularise their services. Ms. Varuna Bhandari Gugnani, learned counsel appearing for the F appellant would submit that the purported scheme of State of Punjab cannot be said to be applicable to the employees of the appellant-board as would appear from a copy of a letter dated 14.10.2002 issued by the Additional Director, Local Government of Punjab, Chandigarh, which is in the following terms- G "OFFICE OF THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL, HOSHIARPUR Receipt No.570 dated 22.10.2002 To H The Executive Officer, Municipal Council, Hoshiarpur. Memo No.AS2-DSS(5-A)2002/23660 Dated 14.10.2002 PUNJAB WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE BOARDv. RANJODH SINGH [S.B. SINHA, .I.) 3 21 Subject : To appoint employees working under URP scheme on the A regular basis. With reference to your Memo No.530 dated 7.6.2001 on the subject cited above. You are hereby informed that in the abse11ce of instructions to B regularize the services of those employees who are working on contract basis, the Director, Local Govt. Punjab after thoughtful consideration, has filed the case. Sd/- ## Additional Director" c Learned counsel for the respondents, on the other hand, supported the impugned judgment. Before we proceed to consider the rival contentions of the parties, we D would notice the purported scheme of regularisation issued by the State of Punjab. We may also notice that the said purported scheme was communicated by a letter addressed to all Heads of Departments of the State of Punjab, Registrar, Punjab & Haryana High Court, Chandigarh, all the Commissioners and Deputy Commissioners and all the Corporations and Boards in the Sta~e of Punjab. In the letter dated 23.1.2001, it was stated: E E - "(iv) For accommodating work charged/daily wage/other category workers as per the above policy against the existing vacancies the existing instructions requiring permission of the DOP and FD for filling up the· vacancies would not apply. Wherever for the absorption/regularization of workers as per the above policy F any Department's own Recruitment Rules come in the way, such provisions of the Recruitment Rules will stand relaxed." By reason of letter dated 28.3.2003, it was clarified : "Subject : Review of policy regarding regularization of services of G Work charge/Daily Wage Workers. Regarding the above mentioned subject, I am directed to invite your attention to letter No.l 1/34/2000-4PP. 3/1301-02 dated 23.1.200 I and to write that as per the contents of Para No.4 of this _letter,_ it is provided that the work charge/daily wage workers who have completed H 322 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. lO S.CR. A three years service, their services be regularized and period of four months was specified for this purpose i.e. this exercise was to be completed by 22.5.2001. 2. Certain Departments have sought clarification from this Department that th.e work charge/daily wage workers/employees, whose services B could not be regularized as per the provision of para No.4 of the above said letter due to any reason, whether their services can be regularized r.ow or not though they fulfill the requisite conditions. This matter has been considered by the Govt. and it has been decided that the services of such work charged/daily wage workers/employees whose services could not be regularized within the specified period c as per the instructions contained in Para No.4 of letter dated 23. I .200 I; their services may be considered for regularization now upto 30th June, 2003. It is worth mentioning here that in case any of the Departm.ent failed to take necessary action in the matter within the period specified above, then the concerned Administration .Secretary/ D Head of the Department shall be held responsible." A statutory board is an autonomous body. Nothing has been brought.to our notice to show that under the statute any direction issued by the State shall be binding on it. The State may have some control with regard to recruitment of employees of local authorities, but such control must be E exercised by the State strictly in terms of the provisions of the Act. The statutory bodies are bound to apply the rules of recruitment laid down under statutory rules. They being 'States' within the meaning ofArticle 12 of the Constitution of India, are bound to implement the constitutional scheme of equality. Neither the statutory bodies can refuse to fulfil sue~ constitutional F duty, nor the State can issue any direction contrary to or inconsistent with the constitutional principles adumbrated under Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India. The purported directiOns of the State were otherwise bad in law in so far as thereby the stattitory rules were sought to be superceded. A circular letter furthermore is not a statutory instrument. It was not even issued by the State in exercise of the power under Article 162 of the G Constitution of India. Even a scheme issued under Article 162 of the Constitution of India, would not prevail over statutory rules. The High Court, unfortunately did hot address itself to these questions. High Court's attention was drawn to a decision of this Court in _Pankaj Gupta_ & _Ors._ v. _State of J&K_ & _Ors.,_ [2004] 8 SCC 353, wherein it was held : · H PUNJAB WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE BOARD _v._ RANJODH SINGH [S.B. SINHA, J.] 3 23 "We heard the appellants' counsel and counsel for the A respondents. The counsel. for the appellants contended that the appointments were made pursuant to a government -decision and the names of these appellants were recommended by various Members of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. Jt was argued that the heads of various departments were competent to make appointments to Class IV posts and, therefore, the appointments of B these appellants are legal. We are unable to accept this contention. Admittedly, these posts were not notified by the Government. There was no publication of a notification inviting applications for filling up these posts. The names of these appellants were recommended by the Members of the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly for C appointment. There is no evidence to show that any criteria approved by the Government or any rules of recruitment were followed while making these appointments. It may be true that the appellants may have been habitants of rural areas and there was no adequate representation for this rural population in government jobs. But the Government or the heads of various departments could have formulated D and resorted to some rational modalities approved under the rules of recruitment to see that rural population also got adequate representation in public employment. But the same could be done within the constitutional limitations." But the High Court unfortunately failed to consider the ratio of the said E decision in its proper perspective. In regard to the contention that the workmen had been working for years and many of them had already crossed the.age fixed for entry to the Government service, as such they are entitled to regularisation, it was opined: p "No person illegally appointed or appointed without following the procedure prescribed under the law, is entitled to claim that he should be continued in service. In this situation, we see no reason to interfere with the impugned order. The appointees have no right to regularisation in the service because of the erroneous procedure G adopted by the authority concerned in appointing such persons." The dicta of said decision, however, was not followed by the High Court. Once it is held that the terms and conditions of service including the H 324 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. IO S.C.R. A recruitment of employees were to be governed either by the statutory rules . or rules framed under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution of India, it must necessarily be held that any policy decision adopted by the State in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 162 of the Constitution of India would be illegal and without jurisdiction. In _A. Umarani_ v. _Registrar,_ B _Cooperative Societies & Ors.,_ [2004] 7 SCC 112, a Three Judge Bench of this Court has opined: • "No regularisation is, thus, permissible in exercise of the statutory power conferred under Article 162 of the Constitution if the appointments have been made in contravention of the statutory rules." c D It was further held: "It is trite that flppointments cannot be made on political considerations and in violation of the government directions for reduction of establishment expenditure or a prohibition on the filling up of vacant posts or creating new posts including regularisation of daily-waged employees. (See _Municipal Corpn., Bilaspur_ v. _Veer Singh Raj put)."_ The question came up for consideration before a Constitution Bench of this Court in _Secretary, State of Karnataka & Ors._ v. _Umadevi & Ors.,_ [2006] E 4 sec 1, wherein it was held that no person who was temporarily or casually been employed could be directed to be continued permanently. It was opined that by doing so it would be creating another mode of public employment which is not permissible. The learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents, however, p placed strong reliance on paragraphs 15, 16 and 53 of the said judgment to contend that the Constitution Bench itself directed the Central or State Government to consider and adopt a one-time measure for regularisation of services of the employees whose appointments were irregular. For the sake of clarity, we would reproduce the said paragraphs : G "15. Even at the threshold, it is necessary to keep in mind the distinction between regularisation and conferment of permanence in service jurisprudence. In _State of Mysore_ v. _S. V. Narayanappa,_ this Court stated that it was a misconception to consider that regularisation meant permanence. In _R.N. Nanjundappa_ v. _T. Thimmiah_ this Court dealt with an argument that regularisation would mean conferring the H .. PUNJAB WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE BOARD v. RANJODH SINGH [S.B. SINHA, J.] 3 25 quality of permanence on the appointment. This Court stated: (SCC A pp.416-17, para 26) "Counsel on behalf of the respondent contended that regularisation would mean conferring the quality of permanence on the appointment whereas counsel on behalf of the State contended that regularisation did dot mean permanence but that it was a case of regularisation of B the rules under Article 309. Both the contentions are fallacious. If the appointment itself is in infraction of the rules or if it is in violation of the provisions of the Constitution illegality cannot be regularised. Ratification or regularisation is possible of an act which is within the power and province of the authority but there has been some non- C compliance with procedure or manner which does not go to the root of the appointment. Regularisation cannot be said to be a mode of recruitment. To accede to such a proposition would be to introduce a new head of appointment in defiance of rules or it may have the effect of setting at naught the rules." D 16. In _B.N. Nagarajan_ v. _State of Karnataka,_ this Court clearly held that the words "regular" or "regularisation" do not connote permanence and cannot be construed so as to convey an idea of the nature of tenure of appointments. They are terms calculated to condone any procedural irregularities and are meant to cure only such defects as are attributable to methodology followed in making the E appointments. This Court emphasised that when rules framed under Article 309 of the Constitution are in force, no regularisation is permissible in exercise of the executive powers of the Government under. Article 162 of the Constitution in contravention of the rules. These decisions and the principles recognised therein have not been F dissented to by this Court and on principle, we see no reason not to accept the proposition as enunciated in the above decisions. We have, therefore, to keep this distinction in mind and proceed on the basis that only something that is irregular for want of compliance with one of the elements in the process of selection which does not go to the root of the process, can be regularised and that it alone can be G regularised and granting permanence of employment is a totally different concept and cannot be equated with regularisation. F 53. One aspect needs to be clarified. There may be cases where irregular appointments (not illegal appointments) as explained in _S. V._ H 326 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. IO S.C.R. B c D A _Narayanappa, R.N. Nanjundappa_ and _B.N. Nagarajan_ and referred to in para 15 above, of duly qualified persons in duly sanctioned vacant posts might have been made and the employees have continued to work for ten years or more but without the intervention of orders of the courts or of tribunals. The question of regularisation of the services of such employees may have to be considered on merits in the light of the principles settled by this Court in the cases abovereferred to and in the Light of this judgment. In that context, the Union of India, the State Governments and their instrumentalities should take steps to regularise as a one-time measure, the services of such _irregularly_ appointed, who have worked for ten years or more in duly sanctioned posts but not under cover of orders of the courts or of tribunals and should further ensure that regular recruitments are undertaken to fill those vacant sanctioned posts that require to be filled up, in cases where temporary employees or daily wagers are being now employed. The process must be set in motion within six months from this date. We also clarify that regularisation, if any already made, but not sub judice, need not be reopened based on this judgment, but there should be no further bypassing of the constitutional requirement and regularising or making permanent, those not duly appointed as per the constitutional scheme." E A combined reading of the aforementioned paragraphs would clearly indicate that what the Constitution Bench had in mind in directing regularisation was in relation to such appointments, which were irregular in nature and not illegal ones. Distinction between irregularity and illegality is explicit.· It has been so _p_ pointed out in _National Fetilizers Ltd_ & _Ors._ v. _Somvir Singh,_ [2006] _5_ SCC 493, in the following terms: G "The contention of the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents that the appointments were irregular and not illegal, cannot be accepted for more than one reason. They were appointed only on the basis of their applications. The Recruitment Rules were not followed. Even the Selection Committee had not been properly constituted. In view of the ban on employment, no recruitment was permissible in law. The reservation policy adopted by the appellant had not been maintained. Even cases of minorities had not been given due consideration. H B PUNJAB WATER SUPPLY & SEWERAGE BOARD _v._ RANJODH SINGH [S.B. SINHA, J.] 327 The Constitution Bench thought of directing regularisation of the A services only of those employees whose appointments were irregular as explained in _State of Mysore_ v. _S. V. Narayanappa, R.N. Nanjundappa,_ v. _T. Thimmiah,_ and _B.N Nagarajan_ v. _State of Karnataka,_ wherein this Court observed: _[Umadevi_ (3) case l, SCC p.24, para 16] "16 . In _B. N. Nagarajan_ v. _State of Karnataka,_ this Court clearly held that the words 'regular' or 'regularisation' do not connote permanence and cannot be construed so as to convey an idea of the nature of tenure of appointments. They are terms calculated to condone any procedural irregularities and are meant to cure only such defects C as are attributable to methodology followed in making the appointments." Judged by the standards laid down by this Court in the aforementioned decisions, the appointments of the respondents are illegal. They do not, thus, have any legal right to continue in service." D {See also _State of Madhya Pradesh_ & _Ors._ v. _Yogesh Chandra Dubey_ & Ors.,[2006] 8 SCC 67 and _State of MP._ & _Ors._ v. _La/it Kumar Verma,_ [2006] 12 SCALE 642.} In the instant case, the High Court did not issue a writ of mandamus E on arriving at a finding that the respondents had a legal right in relation to their claim for regularisation, which it was obligated to do. It proceeded to issue the directions only on the basis of the purported policy decision adopted by the State. It failed to notice that a policy decision cannot be adopted by means of a circular letter and, as noticed hereinbefore, even a policy decision adopted in terms of Article 162 of the Constitution of India in that behalf F would be void. Any departmental letter or executive instruction cannot prevail over statutory rule and constitutional provisions. Any appointment, thus, made without following the procedure would be _ultra vires._ This Court, recently in _Indian Drugs_ & _Pharmaceuticals Ltd._ v. G _Workman, Indian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Ltd,_ [2006] 12 SCALE I, opined that rules of recruitment cannot be relaxed and the Courts/Tribunals cannot direct regularisation of temporary appointees _de hors_ the rules, nor can it direct continuation of service of a temporary employee (whether called a casual, _ad hoc_ or daily rate employee) or payment of regular salaries to them. {See also _Municipal Corporation, Jabalpur_ v. _Om Prakash Dubey,_ [Civil H SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006) SUPP. 10 S.C.R. 328 A Appeal No.5607/2006 @ S.L.P. (C) No. 5065 of 2006, disposed of on 5th December, 2006].} Our attention was drawn to an order of a Division Bench of this Court dated 7th September, 2006 in _State of Punjab & Ors._ v. _Lakhwinder Singh &_ B _Ors.,_ [Civil Appeal No.7995 of2002], wherein the matters had been remitted for consideration of the matters afresh in the light of the decisions of this Court referred to therein. Similar order appears to have been passed in _Chief Commissioner of Income Tax, Bhopal & Ors._ v. _Mis. Leena Jain & Ors.,_ [2006] 12 SCALE 411. c We are not persuaded to do so as the decisions of this Court stare on our face. We cannot ignore the same. It was faintly suggested that as the respondents are qualified to hold the posts and they had been continuously working for a long time, this Court may not interfere with the impugned judgment. On the face of a catena of decisions of this Court, we cannot D accept the said submission. An endeavour was made also to submit that the respondents were employed on daily rated basis and their services were transferred to the Corporation. No such case was made out and in any event, as and when the respondents themselves agreed to be appointed on a contractual basis by the E appellant-Board, at this juncture they cannot be heard to say that the purported transfer of their services by the State of Punjab to the appellant-Board was illegal. Even no such case has been made out in the special leave petition. For the reasons aforementioned, the impugned judgment cannot be sustained. They are set aside accordingly. Appeals are allowed. However, in the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs. NJ. Appeals allowed. Appeals allowed. , .