P.M. Mohammadali v. State of Kerala & Others (WP(C). No. 17216 of 2017)

**IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM** **PRESENT:** **THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE ANIL K.NARENDRAN TUESDAY, THE 19TH DAY OF JUNE 2018 / 29TH JYAISHTA, 1940 WP(C).No. 17216 of 2017** ## **PETITIONER** **---------** **P.M. MOHAMMADALI, PRESIDENT, PARENT TEACHER ASSOCIATION, BADOOR PERMUDE PARAMESHWARI ALP SCHOOL, PERMUDE P.O., (VIA) MANGALPADY, KASARAGOD-671324.** **BY ADVS.SRI.S.M.PREM SRI.P.RAMACHANDRAN (PALAKKAD) SRI.H.NARAYANAN** ## **RESPONDENTS:** **1. STATE OF KERALA REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT, GENERAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, SECRETARIAT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695001.** **2. DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION JAGATHY, THYCAUD P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695014.** **3. ASSISTANT EDUCATIONAL OFFICER** **MANJESWARAM, UPPALA, MANGALPADI P.O., KASARAGOD-671324.** **4. MANAGER** **BADOOR PERMUDE PARAMESHWARI ALP SCHOOL,** **PERMUDE P.O., (VIA) MANGALPADY, KASARAGOD-671324.** **R1 TO R3 BY GOVERNMENT PLEADER SRI.T. RAJASEKHARAN NAIR SRI.S.BIJU, CGC (FOR PROPOSED R5)** **THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 19-06-2018, ALONG WITH WPC NO. 17218/2017 AND CONNECTED CASES THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:** **sdr/23.06.18** ## **WP(C).No. 17216 of 2017 (B)** ## **APPENDIX** ## **PETITIONER(S)' EXHIBITS** **EXHIBIT P1 TRUE COPY OF THE INTERIM ORDER DATED 08-05-2015 PASSED BY THIS HONOURABLE COURT IN WPC NO.13822 OF 2015. EXHIBIT P1 (A) TRUE COPY OF THE INTERIM ORDER DATED 08-05-2015 PASSED BY THIS HONOURABLE COURT IN WPC NO.13792 OF 2015. EXHIBIT P2 TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER DATED 11-03-2016 PASSED BY THE APEX COURT ALLOWING THE INTERLOCUTORY APPLICATIONS FILED IN THE SLP(C) NO(S).24786-24787/2015. EXHIBIT P3 TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER DATED 07-04-2017 PASSED BY THE APEX COURT DISPOSING OF SLP(C) NO(S).24786-24787/2015.** ## **RESPONDENTS EXHIBITS** ## **---------------------** - **EXT.R1(A) TRUE COPY OF G.O. (MS) NO. 154/2013 DATED 03.05.2013** - **EXT.R1(B) TRUE COPY OF JUSTIFICATION FOR INCLUSION OF 3 LOCALITIES FOR NOTIFICATION FORWARDED BY DPI** - **EXT.R1(C) TRUE COPY OF NOTIFICATION DATED 20.05.2017 EXT.R1(D) TRUE COPY OF THE GO (RT) NO. 1813/2017/G.EDN. DATED 09.06.2017 EXT.R1(E) TRUE COPY OF JUDGMENT IN WPC NO. 4188/2016** **/TRUE COPY/** **PA TO JUDGE** **sdr/23.06.18** **ANIL K. NARENDRAN, J.** |**ANIL K. NARENDRAN, J.**|**ANIL K. NARENDRAN, J.**| |---|---| |**-------------------------------------------------**|| |WP(C)Nos.17216, 17217, 17218,|17219, 17220,| |17221, 17222, 17223, 17225, 17226, 17227,|| |17228, 17229, 17231, 17232,|17580, 17586,| |18148, 18302, 27832, 27841, 27933, 27934,|| |27935, 27936, 27947, 27948 and 27964 of 2017|| |**-------------------------------------------------**|| |**DATED THIS THE 19th DAY OF JUNE, 2018**|| ## **JUDGMENT** The petitioners in this batch of writ petitions, who are Managers/Parent-Teacher Association/students of the respective Lower Primary/Upper Primary Schools in various districts have filed these writ petitions under Article 226 of the Constitution of India seeking a writ of mandamus commanding respondents to grant formal sanction to impart elementary education by permitting admission of children to Class V/Class VIII as the case may be, in the respective schools and to extend all the benefits available to children studying in the aided schools within the State. The petitioners have also sought for other consequential reliefs. 2. By the interim order dated 04.05.2018, the respondent State and the Educational Authorities were directed to provisionally permit the petitioners to commence admission to Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, pending disposal of the writ petitions; and they were also directed to open 'Sampoorna Internet Portal' to facilitate such admission without further delay. The said order was granted on the ground that, WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -2- last year, when similar matters were brought to the notice of this Court, interim order was given in favour of the petitioners therein. 3. The learned Senior Government Pleader has filed interlocutory applications in the respective writ petitions (except in W.P.(C)No.27964 of 2017) seeking an order to vacate the interim order dated 04.05.2018 and filed memos in some of these writ petitions to adopt the counter affidavit filed in W.P. (C)No.16421/2017. 4. The petitioners have also filed separate interlocutory applications seeking amendment of the writ petitions in order to incorporate a challenge against the notification dated 19.05.2017 of the Director of Public Instructions and also the Government Order dated 09.06.2017/impleadment of the Union of India as additional respondent. 5. Heard the learned counsel for the petitioners in the respective writ petitions, the learned Senior Government Pleader for the respondent State and Educational Authorities in the respective cases, and also the learned Central Government Counsel for the additional respondent sought to be impleaded. 6. The petitioners, who are the Managers of aided WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -3- Lower Primary/Upper Primary Schools seek permission to impart elementary education by permitting admission of children to Class V and Class VIII respectively in the petitioners' schools. Regarding educational need of the locality in which the respective schools situate, the only averment made in paragraph 7 of the writ petitions is that, there is no neighbourhood schools within a walking distance of 1km from the Lower Primary Schools and 3.5km from the Upper Primary Schools of the petitioners' imparting elementary education. Thus, on the implementation of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (for brevity 'the Right to Education Act') Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, were started in the petitioners school. The documents produced along with these writ petitions are mainly the interim orders of this Court and also the orders of the Apex Court. 7. In **Bharat Singh v. State of Haryana (AIR 1988 SC 2181)** , the Apex Court held that, when a point which is ostensibly a point of law is required to be substantiated by facts, the party raising the point, if he is the writ petitioner, must plead and prove such facts by evidence which must appear from the writ petition and if he is the respondent, from WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -4- the counter-affidavit. If the facts are not pleaded or the evidence in support of such facts is not annexed to the writ - petition or to the counter affidavit, as the case may be, the Court will not entertain the point. The Apex Court held further that there is a distinction between a pleading under the Code of Civil Procedure Code, 1908 and a writ petition or a counteraffidavit. While in a pleading, i.e., a plaint or a written statement, the facts and not evidence are required to be - pleaded, in a writ petition or in the counter affidavit not only the facts but also the evidence in proof of such facts have to be pleaded and annexed to it. 8. The issue raised in these writ petitions is covered against the petitioners by the judgment of this Court dated 11.06.2018 in W.P.(C) No.23820 of 2016 and connected cases. In the said judgment, this Court held that, though the provisions of Rule 14 of the Kerala Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Rules, 2011 (for brevity, 'the Kerala Rules) have no application in the matter of establishment or upgradation of a school owned or controlled by the Central Government or the State Government or the local authority, in view of the provisions under sub-rule (2) of Rule 6 of the Kerala WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -5- Rules, read with clause (q) of Rule 2, the basis for upgradation of such a school shall be the educational need for upgradation, found in the school mapping conducted by authorised agencies. Similarly, in view of the provisions under sub-rule (14) of Rule 14, read with clause (q) of Rule 2 and sub-rule (2) of Rule 6, the basis for upgradation of an existing school, other than a school established, owned or controlled by the Central Government or the State Government or the local authority shall be the educational need of the locality as revealed in the school mapping carried out by the authorised agency and certified by the local authority and the educational officer concerned. In that view of the matter, if no educational need is found in the locality in which a school rendering elementary education situates, no application for upgradation of such school by commencing Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, can be made by the respective management. This Court has also found that, in none of the writ petitions, an effective challenge has been made against notification dated 19.05.2017 issued by the Director of Public Instructions regarding educational need and also the Government order dated 09.06.2017 whereby it was ordered to provide transportation WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -6- facility to children of 82 areas. The procedure or the criteria adopted by the State for school mapping is not under challenge. The scientific study conducted by the officers from the Directorate of Public Instruction and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was based on 7 parameters, which include distance of the nearest school to the area specified in the draft notification, distance to the nearest available school from the residence of students, transportation facility available in the neighborhood school, details of children in the age group of 1-14 years in the feeder area; etc. Therefore, the petitioners cannot make out a case for interference merely on the basis the distance between the schools. Paragraphs 70 to 72, 76, 90 to 92 and 95 to 107 of the said judgment read thus; “70. In the process of school mapping, geographic location of the schools have been collated and mapped on Geographic Information System Platform (GIS Platform) established by Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Kerala. The school locations have been interlinked with the school report cards based on Unified District Information System for Education database (U-DISE database). The geographic locations of the schools provided by Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Kerala are available in its website http://ssakerala.in/gis. The web application comprises of base map services like street maps and high resolution satellite images for better understanding of the WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -7- topography/terrain of the location, administrative boundaries, location information, etc. The geographic location of the schools collected by the State Education Departments has been collated and mapped on the GIS Platform established by National Informatics Centre. Further, the school locations have been interlinked with the school report cards based on U-DISE database, developed and hosted by National University of Educational Planning and Administration. 71. The geographic locations of the schools provided by each State Education Department is available in the website http://schoolgis.nic.in/ of the Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. By entering the name of the school or school code anyone can collect the details regarding geographic location of that school, which has been collated and mapped on GIS Platform and other details like the nearest L.P./U.P./Secondary/Higher Secondary schools, the aerial/ walkable/driving distance to such schools, the lowest and highest class available in such schools, the number of students enrolled, and also whether such schools are Government schools, aided schools or unaided schools. The distance between two schools can be viewed with street maps and high resolution satellite images by clicking the link 'find' against the name of each nearest school. 72. In none of these writ petitions an effective challenge has been made against notification No.NS(3)/21147/2016/DPI dated 19.05.2017 issued by the Director of Public Instructions regarding educational WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -8- need and also G.O.(Rt.)No.1813/2017/G.Edn. dated 09.06.2017 to provide transportation facility to the children of 82 areas, with reference to the materials collected in school mapping, and the details regarding geographic location of the schools, availability of classes, etc. The file relating of notification No.NS(3)/21147/ 2016/DPI dated 19.05.2017 issued by the Director of Public Instructions, made available for the perusal of this Court, would show that the draft notification dated 25.05.2016 was published in the Official Gazette and also in the website of the Director of Public Instructions. Copy of the draft notification was made available through the office of all Deputy Directors of Education, District Educational Officers and Assistant Educational Officers. Press release was also issued in this regard through the Director of Information and Public Relations. Thereafter, a personal hearing was also conducted on 30.09.2016. xxx xxx xxx xxx 76. Regarding the educational need of the locality in which the respective L.P. Schools/U.P. Schools situate, the only averment made in paragraph 9 of W.P. (C)Nos.17434, 17581, 17582, 17583, 17584, 17585, 17635, 18446, 18613, 18614, 18615, 18616, 18617, 18618, 19460, 19461, 19462, 19463, 20093, 20094, 20095, 20096, 20097, 20098, 20099, 20100, 20101, 20295, 20296, 20297, 20298, 20299, 20300, 20316, 20317, 20318, 20320, 20557, 20843, 20994, 20995, 21138, 21139, 21140 of 2017 (Sl.Nos.2 to 45 in the list @ para.4) and also in W.P.(C)Nos.15806, 15838, 15890 and 17193 of 2018 (Sl.Nos.90, 97, 99, and 131) is that WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -9- there is no neighborhood school within a walking distance of 1km from the L.P. School/3.5km from the U.P. School of the petitioners imparting elementary education. Thus, on the implementation of the Right to Education Act, Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be was started in the petitioners school. The documents produced along with the above 48 writ petitions are mainly the copy of the interim orders of this Court and also the orders of the Apex Court. In W.P.(C)No.15838 of 2018 a counter affidavit has been filed by the 5th respondent Manager, wherein it has been stated that the students who got qualified to Class V have already taken transfer certificates and joined schools of their choice. In W.P. (C)No.17866 of 2018 (Sl.No.134) it is averred in paragraph 9 of the writ petition that there is no neighborhood school within a walking distance of 3.5km of the petitioner's U.P. School. xxx xxx xxx xxx 90. As already noticed, 'school mapping' as defined under clause (q) of Rule 2 of the Kerala Rules is the assessment of the availability of schooling facilities for elementary education, taking into account various factors mentioned in the said clause, which includes the distance matrix between schools and habitations. As per clause (t) of Rule 2, 'walking distance' is the maximum distance covered by a child from his residence to the school on the shortest, generally accepted path. As per clause (o) of Rule 2, 'neighbourhood' is the area near or within a walkable distance of an elementary school referred to in sub-clauses (i) and (ii) of clause (n) of Section 2 of the WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -10- Right to Education Act and shall include areas of such schools in adjacent local bodies. The mandate of sub-rule (1) of Rule 6 is that, the area or limits of neighbourhood within which a school has to be established by the Government or the local authority shall be, within a walking distance of 1km of the neighbourhood, in respect of children in classes from I to V; and within a walking distance of 3km of the neighbourhood, in respect of children in classes from VI to VIII. 91. As per sub-rule (3) of Rule 6 of the Kerala Rules, in places with difficult terrain, risk of landslides, floods, lack of roads and in general, danger for young children in the approach from their homes to the school, the Government shall locate the school in such a manner as to avoid such dangers, by reducing the area or limits specified under sub-rule (1). Sub-rule (4) of Rule 6, which deals with transportation facility for children from small hamlets, provides that for children from small hamlets, as identified by the Government or the local authority, where no school exists within the area or limits of neighbourhood specified under sub-rule (1), the Government or the local authority shall make adequate arrangements, such as free transportation and residential facilities for providing elementary education in a school, - in relaxation of the area or limits specified in the sub rule (1) of Rule 6. Similarly, sub-rule (5) of Rule 6 mandates that, in places with high population density, the Government may consider establishment of more than one neighbourhood school having regard to the number of children in the age group of 6 to 14 years in such WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -11- places based on the child census conducted by Sarva Siksha Abhiyan or the local authority. 92. In **Kum.Sreya Vinod's case (supra)** a Division Bench of this Court held that, there will be nothing wrong in the Government or the local authority providing transportation facility in discharge of its obligations under the Right to Education Act and the Kerala Rules. In the judgment in W.A.No.2487 of 2017 and connected cases, after adverting to the contention advanced by the learned counsel with reference to the law laid down in **Kum.Sreya Vinod's case** , another Division Bench held that, instead of establishing additional schools or providing additional infrastructural facilities, the provision of providing transportation facilities cannot be found fault with. xxx xxx xxx xxx 95. The guidelines issued by the Central Government on 25.07.2011 (F.No.1-12/2010-EE-4), in exercise of the powers conferred under sub-section (1) of Section 35 of the Right to Education Act, clarify the provisions under the said Act with reference to neighbourhood schools. The said guidelines would make it explicitly clear that, in providing for the right of every child to free and compulsory education in a neighbourhood school, the Right to Education Act does not restrict the choice of the child to seek admission in a school, which may not be in the immediate vicinity, or the neighbourhood of the child's residence. In other words, there is no compulsion on the child to seek admission only in the school in his or her neighbourhood. WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -12- 96. As per the said guidelines, the State Government/Union Territories need to arrive at a clear picture of current availability of schools within the defined areas or limits of neighbourhoods. In order to do this, the State/Union Territories need to (i) define the neighbourhood norms keeping in view that all primary and upper primary schools and composite schools (with primary and upper primary sections) established by the State Government would be neighbourhood schools for the purpose of sub-section (1) of Section 3 and (ii) map the neighbourhoods or habitations and link them to specific schools. 97. The said guidelines would show that, it is possible that a neighbourhood may be linked to more than one school. Similarly, a school may be linked to more than one neighbourhood. The mapping exercise will help to identify gaps and areas where new schools need to be opened to ensure universal access. By undertaking mapping to determine the need, and planning for establishment of neighbourhood schools, the appropriate Government should factor in the intake capacity in all the schools within the area or limits of neighbourhood as prescribed under Section 6, i.e., Government or local body schools, aided schools, and unaided and specified category schools. Such planning will ensure that the Government uses its resources optimally in relation to the actual requirement of providing universal access to elementary education. 98. In the said guidelines, it has also been provided that, the provision under Section 10 of the Right to WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -13- Education Act should be read together with the responsibilities of the appropriate Government and local authority to provide free and compulsory elementary education in a neighbourhood school. It is not the intention of Section 10 to compel parents/guardian and children/wards, who do not wish to avail of free and compulsory education, to necessarily admit their children/wards in the neighbourhood schools. 99. In this batch of writ petitions, neither the provisions under the Kerala Rules, nor the provisions of G.O.(Ms) No.154/2013/G.Edn. Dated 03.05.2013, which speaks of retaining Class V and Class VIII in the same premises by redesignating such schools as Lower and Upper Primary Schools and Upper Primary and High Schools is under challenge. The challenge made against clause (2) of the aforesaid Government order dated 03.05.2013, in the context of Article 254 of the Constitution of India, has already been dealt with by this Court in **Kerala Aided LP** **and UP School's case (supra)** . In the said judgment, the challenge to the conversion of elementary cycle, as brought out by clause (2) was negatived, however, leaving open the question of upgradation or grant of higher standards to be considered after the Government comes out with the comprehensive measures as directed by this Court in the judgment in **Manager, L.P.G.S., Veliyam's case (supra)** . 100. As already noticed, in none of these writ petitions, an effective challenge has been made against notification dated 19.05.2017 issued by the Director of Public Instructions regarding educational need and also the WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -14- Government order dated 09.06.2017 whereby it was ordered to provide transportation facility to children of 82 areas. An effective challenge to the aforesaid notification and the Government order can be made only with reference to the materials collected in school mapping and the details regarding geographic location of the schools, availability of classes, etc. In the GIS platform established by Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Kerala, geographic locations of schools are provided and the web application comprises of base map services, like street maps and high resolution satellite images. The geographic locations of schools provided by Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Kerala and by each State Education Departments, is also available in the website of the Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development. The details like the nearest L.P/U.P./Secondary/Higher Secondary Schools, the areal/walkable/ driving distance to such schools, etc. are also available on GIS platform and the distance between two schools can be viewed with street maps and high resolution satellite images by clicking the link 'find' against the name of each nearest school. Though such materials are very much available in the website maintained by Sarva Shikshan Abhiyan, Kerala and also the Ministry of Human Resource Development, the petitioners in this batch of writ petitions have not chosen to make use of those materials in order to challenge the notification dated 19.05.2017 of the Director of Public Instructions and the Government order dated 09.06.2017. In some of the writ petitions, during the course of arguments, statements have been WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -15- handed over showing the distance to the nearby school, number of students, etc. 101. In **Bharat Singh v. State of Haryana (AIR 1988 SC 2181)** , the Apex Court held that, when a point which is ostensibly a point of law is required to be substantiated by facts, the party raising the point, if he is the writ petitioner, must plead and prove such facts by evidence which must appear from the writ petition and if he is the respondent, from the counter-affidavit. If the facts are not pleaded or the evidence in support of such facts is - not annexed to the writ petition or to the counter affidavit, as the case may be, the Court will not entertain the point. The Apex Court held further that there is a distinction between a pleading under the Code of Civil Procedure Code, 1908 and a writ petition or a counteraffidavit. While in a pleading, i.e., a plaint or a written statement, the facts and not evidence are required to be - pleaded, in a writ petition or in the counter affidavit not only the facts but also the evidence in proof of such facts have to be pleaded and annexed to it. 102. In **Manager, L.P.G.S., Veliyam's case (supra)** , this Court had occasion to deal with the question as to whether applications filed before the State by the Managers of various aided schools seeking upgradation of existing aided schools, so as to bring within their fold additional classes, i.e., Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, in their existing L.P./U.P. Schools can be entertained without the recommendation/counter signature of the educational authority concerned. In the said decision, this Court held that the State Government WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -16- need to complete the tasks enumerated in paragraph 5 of the said judgment, so as to put itself in a position where it will be able to effectively consider the applications preferred by the petitioners therein for upgradation of their schools. It is only thereafter, that the State Government can call for and consider the applications for the grant of new schools/upgradation of existing schools in each area. 103. Pursuant to the direction contained in the said judgment, school mapping was conducted and in that process, the areas where the schools in this batch of writ petitions situate were not found to have educational need, vide the notification dated 19.05.2017 of the Director of Public Instructions. The Judges papers in W.P. (C)No.3060 of 2014 would show that various steps taken to comply with the directions contained in the judgment in **Manager, L.P.G.S., Veliyam's case (supra)** were placed before this Court while seeking extension of time and it was thereafter that the said notification and the Government order dated 09.06.2017 were issued. Once the areas where the schools in this batch of writ petitions were not found to have educational need, the permission sought for to have Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, in the respective L.P. Schools/U.P. Schools cannot be granted unless the petitioners have made out a prima facie case for interference of the said notification and Government order. 104. As already held at paragraphs 48 and 49 hereinbefore, though the provisions of Rule 14 of the Kerala Rules have no application in the matter of WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -17- establishment or upgradation of a school owned or controlled by the Central Government or the State Government or the local authority, in view of the provisions under sub-rule (2) of Rule 6 of the Kerala Rules, read with clause (q) of Rule 2, the basis for upgradation of such a school shall be educational need for upgradation, found in the school mapping conducted by authorised agencies. Similarly, in view of the provisions under sub-rule (14) of Rule 14, read with clause (q) of Rule 2 and sub-rule (2) of Rule 6, the basis for upgradation of an existing school, other than a school established, owned or controlled by the Central Government or the State Government or the local authority shall be educational need of the locality as revealed in the school mapping carried out by the authorised agency and certified by the local authority and the educational officer concerned. In that view of the matter, if no educational need is found in the locality in which a school rendering elementary education situates, no application for upgradation of such school by commencing Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, can be made by the respective management. 105. The procedure or the criteria adopted by the State for school mapping is not under challenge. The scientific study conducted by the officers from the Directorate of Public Instruction and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was based on 7 parameters, which include distance of the nearest school to the area specified in the draft notification, distance to the nearest available school from the residence of students, transportation facility available in WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -18- the neighborhood school, details of children in the age group of 1-14 years in the feeder area; etc. Therefore, the petitioners cannot make out a case for interference merely on the basis the distance between the schools. Despite the fact that the locality in which the elementary schools which are the subject matter of this batch of writ petition situates were not included in the draft/preliminary notification, none of the petitioners except one or two, objected the said notification. 106. The localities having educational need were identified in that process taking into consideration the availability of students, distance to from their residence to the nearest school, availability of transportation, etc. As per the guidelines (F.No.1-12/2010-EE-4) issued by the Central Government on 25.07.2011, the intake capacity in all the schools within the area or limits of neighbourhood, etc. are relevant considerations while undertaking mapping to determine the educational need and planning for establishment of neighbourhood schools, in order to ensure that the Government uses its resources optimally in relation to the actual requirement of providing universal access to elementary education. 107. In the absence of any valid and tenable challenge made against the notification dated 19.05.2017 of the Director of Public Instructions and the Government order dated 09.06.2017, the petitioners in this batch of writ petitions are not entitled for an order to make admission of students to Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, in the respective Lower Primary Schools (with Class I to IV) and Upper Primary Schools (with Class V to VII) for WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -19- the academic year 2018-19 or for consideration their requests for upgradation of the respective schools. Therefore, any students who are yet to be issued with transfer certificates in the respective L.P. Schools or U.P. Schools to seek admission to Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, shall be issued with such transfer certificates forthwith, and the State and the Educational Authorities shall ensure that such students are admitted in other schools having Class V/Class VIII, without any delay. The effective strength of students on the sixth working day from the date of reopening in the respective schools shall be reckoned taking note of the transfer certificates so issued/admission of students based on such transfer certificates.” 9. A reading of paragraph 76 of the said judgment would show that, 48 writ petitions with the very same averments as to educational need, in paragraph 9 of the respective writ petitions, are already dismissed by that judgment. Those writ petitions were filed by the learned counsel, who represents the petitioners in these writ petitions. Though the writ petitions in this batch were pending before this Court along with interlocutory applications filed after 22.05.2018 for amendment and impleadment, these writ petitions were never brought up for consideration till the dismissal of that batch of writ petitions consisting of 134 cases WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -20- by judgment dated 11.06.2018. In such circumstances, the interlocutory applications filed in the respective writ petitions in this batch, for amendment and impleadment, can only be dismissed and I do so. 10. By the judgment dated 11.06.2018 in W.P.(C) No.23820 of 2016 and connected cases, including 48 writ petitions with the very same averments as to educational need, as contained in paragraph 9 of these writ petitions, have already been dismissed, since, in none of those writ petitions, an effective challenge has been made against notification dated 19.05.2017 issued by the Director of Public Instructions regarding educational need and also the Government order dated 09.06.2017, whereby it was ordered to provide transportation facility to children of 82 areas. 11. In the said judgment, this Court noticed that, the procedure or the criteria adopted by the State for school mapping is not under challenge in any of the writ petitions. The scientific study conducted by the officers from the Directorate of Public Instruction and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was based on 7 parameters, which include distance of the nearest school to the area specified in the draft notification, distance to the nearest WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -21- available school from the residence of students, transportation facility available in the neighborhood school, details of children in the age group of 1-14 years in the feeder area; etc. Therefore, the petitioners cannot make out a case for interference merely on the basis the distance between the schools. This Court has also noticed that, despite the fact that the locality in which the elementary schools which are the subject matter of that batch of writ petition situates were not included in the draft/preliminary notification, none of the petitioners therein, except one or two, objected the said notification. 12. In the instant case, in the absence of any challenge made against the notification dated 19.05.2017 of the Director of Public Instructions and the Government order dated 09.06.2017 at appropriate time, the petitioners in these writ petitions are not entitled for an order to make admission of students to Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, in the respective Lower Primary Schools (with Class I to IV) and Upper Primary Schools (with Class V to VII) for the academic year 2018-19. Therefore, any students who are yet to be issued with transfer certificates in the respective Lower Primary Schools or WP(C)No.17216 of 2017 & con.cases -22- Upper Primary Schools to seek admission to Class V or Class VIII, as the case may be, shall be issued with such transfer certificates forthwith, and the State and the Educational Authorities shall ensure that such students are admitted in other schools having Class V/Class VIII, without any delay. The effective strength of students on the sixth working day from the date of reopening in the respective schools shall be reckoned taking note of the transfer certificates so issued/admission of students based on such transfer certificates. In the result, these writ petitions are dismissed following the judgment of this Court dated 11.06.2018 in W.P. (C)No.23820 of 2016 and connected cases. No order as to costs. All other pending interlocutory applications are closed. Sd/- **ANIL K. NARENDRAN JUDGE** dsn