Pandit Vasudev Vyas (Dead) Through LRs v. Board of Management, S.S.J.S. Peeth & Ors.

.. _:_ PANDITVASUDEV VYAS·(DEAD) THROUGH LRS, · . ' . '. . _v._ . , ~ BOARD OF MGMT, S,S.J.S. PEETH AND ORS.• APRIL 25, 2006 . •.· [S.B. SINHA AND P.P. NAOLEKAR, JJ.] B _Trust:_ r _'Public Trust-Karveer Peeth_ . _established .by Jagadguru Shankaracharya-Appointment to the post of sole trustee of Karveer Peeth-_ C _Commissio'ner"<1ppointed second respondent as sole trustee-Appeal against, "dismissed by High Court--:Challenge to-Held: A scheme wasframedin1963 'for 'administration of Karveer Peeth stating· that the .presidii1g swamy of 'Kltf'Veer Peeth would be the sole trustee of Karveer Peeth-High ·Court did not consider the_ scheme~Matter _renlitted 'Iv' High. Court for fresh'_ D . _consideration._ Jagadguru Shankaracharya had established various peeths, two of which ' were at Kolhapurknown as Kaveer Peeth artd Belgauin .·known·as Sankeshwar · Peeth. Both were separately registered. Karveer Peeth was registered under lhe'Bilinbay Public Trust Act The question:aroseabout the appointmentto · E the p'ost Of sole trustee of'the Karveer Peeth. The requirement was that ·proposed appointee niust be great scholar of Veda· and· a'Sanvasi;The latter qualification could'be got even after'the selection. : ,' • 1 ' In 1963, Charity Commissioner had framed· a scheme for administration - F .of Kar.veer Peeth. Para 6 of the Scheme stated.that the the1,1. occupant of Karveer · Peeth ·shall be sole- trustee of Karveer Peeth only subject to deeis,on in,pemJing litigation in Karnataka High Court. This litigation concluded deelaririg En_1ade Swami as true Shankaracharya of the Sankeshwar-Karveer Peeth. Charity Commissioner appointed the second respondent as sole trustee ·G of Karveer Peeth. Appellant challenged the appointment of second res'pondent on various grounds including that he was not a Sanyasi and that the tWo Peeths which were separately registered were in fact one. The First appeal and LPA both were dism'issed. . - . < • - -· ' - • " 273 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. I S.C.R. 274 A In appeal to this Court, appellant contended that High Court committed an error in not considering clause 5 of the Scheme and in not considering the proceedings before the Karnataka High Court as the judgment of the Karnataka High court formed part of the records. Allowing the appeal and remitting the matter to High Court, the Court B HELD: l. The question as to whether both the Peeths are branches of a common entity may be determined having regard to Clause 5 of the Scheme ofl rust framed in the year 1963. This Court refrains from going into the said question and in particular the history thereof, as the High Court did not C addre~s itself as regards the import of Clause 5 of the Trust Deed. 1280-CI 2.1. The question as regards appointment of a sole trustee is a matter of great importance having regard to the provisions of the Bombay Public Trust Act. The Charity Commissioner and consequently the appellate courts should have made all endeavours to give effect to the desire of the founding D trustees, if the said provision is applicable. It is in that view of the matter, the heirs and legal representative of original applicant may be permitted to step into his shoes. This question may be raised before the High Court. 1280-D-EI 2.2. Assuming that the two Peeths were separately registered but, in terms of the trust deed, there cannot be any doubt whatsoever that Clause 5 E of the Scheme was relevant for the purpose of determination of~hc question as regards the appointment of the sole trustee. The said question was of great relevance, even if it be held that the two Peeths were registered separately and thus, were two separate entities in the eyes of law. It has not been disputed that the said judgment of the Karnataka High Court formed part of the record F before the courts below. Its relevance for the purpose of interpreting Clause 5 of the Scheme cannot be disputed. Whether the said Clause tits in with the Scheme is also required to be determined on the basis uf the materials on record. 1280-F-HI CIVIL APPbLLATL JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 735I o\2001. G From the Final Order dated 24.4.2000 of the High Court of Bombay in LP.A. Stamp No. 11607/2000. R. Srivastava, E.R. Kumar and P.H. Parekh for the Appellants. H Chinmoy Khaladkar. S.K. Nandy, S.S. Shinde, Mukti Choudhary for V.N. 275 PANDIT VASUl)EV VYAS (DEAD) THROUGH LRS. "·BOARD OF MGMT. SSJ.S. PEEtH [SINHA. lj Raghupathy, Ms. Bina Madhavan (NP) and M/s. Lawyer's Knit & Co. (NP) A for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by S.B. SINHA, J. The Appellant herein is a Senior Professor and Dean of the Poddar Government Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital in Mumbai. B He was also the Dean of Faculty of Ayurved in the University of Bombay. The dispute involved in this appeal, which arises out ofia judgment and order dated 24th April, 2000 passed by a Division Bench of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay in L.P.A. Stamp No. I I 607 of 2000, centers round the appointment to the post and seat of Jagadguru Shankaracharya/Sole Trustee C of the Respondent-Trust. The Appellant contends that he as a disciple of Jagadguru Shankaracharya believes that the spiritual head of well-known Math should be appointed according to traditions, customs and usages recognized by law D and he should be a great scholar of Veda, Vedangas and Indian Philosophy. He should have also been initiated into sannyas by a Guru. One Sankeshwar Peeth was established by Jagadguru Shankaracharya. The said Peeth is situated in the District of Belgaum in the State of Karnataka. Another trust known as Karveer Peeth was estabiished in the District of E Kolhapur in the State of Maharashtra. Whereas the Karveer Peeth is registered in terms of the Bombay Public Trust Act, the Sankeshwar Peeth is registered separately. One Erande Swami is said to have been nominated by his Guru to succeed him as a sole trustee in respect of the said Sankeshwar Peeth. It is, however, contended that he F expressed his inability to act as Shankaracharya. The Appellant contends that both the Sankeshwar Peeth and Karveer Peeth are branches of a single entity known as Sankeshwar-Karveer Peeth. The said contention is denied and disputed by the Respondent. It is, however, not in dispute that the matter relating to appointment of G a trustee in relation to Karveer Peeth came to be considered by the Charity Commissioner in terms of the provisions of the Bombay Public Trust Act. A proposal was made for appointing Shri Ramchandra Narhar Kulkarni the Second Respondent herein as a Sankaracharya of the said Peeth; objections whereto were filed. The Appellant herein was also one of the objectors. By H 276 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. I S.C.R. A an order dated 11.11.1982, the Charity Commissioner appointed the Second Respondent as sole-trustee of the Karveer Peeth in purported exercise of its power under Section 4 7 of the Bombay Public Trust Act with the condition that he should take sannyas before he enters upon the charge of the soletrustee of the Karveer Peeth stating: ·. B "So far as the point that the sole-trustee must be a sannyasi, there is no dispute about it at all. It is a pre-requisition that whoever presides over thi.s Peeth he must be sannyasi." The Charity Commissioner although opined that there could not be any dispute about the fitness and qualification of Shri Erande Swami for being C appointed as the sole-trustee, but proceed to observe that mere learning was not enough under the Scheme to be appointed as a sole trustee of the Peeth and his name could not be considered. In fact the name of Shri Kulkarni was reconsidered although he had withdrawn his claim. D A First Appeal being First Appeal No. 166 of 1983 was preferred thereagainst by the Appellant. Respondent Nos. 4 and 5 herein. The said appeal was dismissed by an order dated 20th January, 2000. A Letters Patent appeal was preferred thereagainst by the Appellant which has been dismissed by reason of the impugned judgment dated 24.4.2000. E In this appeal, we are concerned with a short question, _viz.,_ as to whether in terms of the Scheme for the Management and Administration of the Public Trust Shri Swami Jagadguru Shankarcharya Peeth, Kolhapur, the Respondent No. 2 could have been appointed as a sole trustee. It is the contention of the Appellant herein that at all material point of F time, a litigation was pending in the State ofKarnataka culminating in Regular First Appeal No. 143 of 1982 before the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore. The said First Appeal arose out of a judgment and order dated 27.2.1982 passed in OS No. 8 of 1972. In the said judgment, _inter alia,_ the following issues were framed: G "I. Whether the Plaintiff proves that the succession to the office of the Head of Sankareshwar Karvir Math is governed by customs and practice as alleged in para (3) of the Plaint? 2. Whether the Plaintiff proves that the Second defendant was validly dismissed by Shri Guruswami? H 277 PA!'1JIT V ASUDEV VY AS (DEAD) THROUGH LRS. '· BOARD OF MGMT. S.S.J.S. PEETII [SINHA, J.J 3. If so whether the second defendant lost all his rights and privileges A as Adhikari Shishya? 4. Whether the Plaintiff proves that the I st defendant was validly dismissed by Shri Guruswami Shirolkar on or about 8.9.1958? 5. If so, whether the I st defendant lost all his rights and provisions B as Adhikari Shishya? 6. Whether the Plaintiff proves that he was initiated as Adhikari Shishya on or about 15.10.1958 as alleged in para (o) of Plaint? 7. Whether the Plaintiff proves that he is entitled to the office of the . trustees of the Math and the suit properties and to the Management C thereby? |7.Whether thethePlaintiff proves thatproves thatthatheisentitled to theto thetheoffice of theof thethe<br>. trustees of thetheMathandthesuitpropertiesandtotheManagement<br>thereby?|C| |---|---| |8.Whethertheplaintiffprovestheallegedlastwillandtestament of|| |15.10ofShriGuruswamiShirolkar?|| |9.Ifso,whethertheIs!defendantprovesthatthewillisvoidand|D| |doesnotaffecthisinterests?|| |I0.WhetherthePlaintiffprovesthattheI st defendantisinillegaland|| |unauthorized possession ofthesuit properties?|| |11.Whetherthe1stdefendantestablishesthatfrom1.7.1957hebecame|E| |theShankaracharyaJagadguruandtherightfulownerandtrustee of|| |theMathandthesuit propertiesascontendedbyhim?|| |12.Whether1stdefendantshowsthatShriGuruswamiShirolkarhad|| |ceai;edtobetheJagadguruonor about15.10.1958?|| |13.WhetherthePlaintiffisentitledforthedeclaration sought?|F| |14.WhetherPlaintiffisentitledtogetpossessionofthesuitproperties?|| |15.Towhatreliefsareparties entitled?"|| |Thesaidappealwasallowed_inter alia_stating:|G| |"In these circumstanceswehavenohesitationinreversingthefinding|| |ofthetrial courtthatthedismissal ofthefirst defendantintheyear|| |1958wasillegalandvoid.We,therefore,holdthat first defendantwas|| |dismissediriSeptember,1958bya valid orderandheceasedtobe|| |AdhikariShishya thereafter.|H| SlJPREME COURT REPORTS (20061 SUPP. I S.C.R. 278 A B If th.: dismissal ot first defendant was valid there can be no doubt tnat Guru;,wami was competent to initiate first plaintiff as Adhikari Sh1snya which he did on 15th October, 1958. Plaintiff, therefore, became a valid Adhikari Shishya of Shirolkar Swami and consequently on the dt:ath of Shirolkar Swami Plaintiff was entitled to succeed to him as Shank«rncharya of Sankeshwar J(arbir Mun and is also entitled to take po"t:ss1on of the prupenies of the Mutt." A nmict: was issued by this Coun on 18.9.2000 having regard to che said comemion of the Appellant wherein it was noticed: c 1) "It is poime<l out by learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of th.: petitioner chat a specific clause in the Scheme of 1963 mentions that th1:re is a pending litigation and that the person who would be declared by the c1v1l court in the pending litigation would be the sole trusc~e of the Trust and that there couid not be a second trus1ee like the 1espondent. Once !CF.A. 143/82 was decided on 23.9 _91_ in fovour oi lht: plaimiti in the suit by a Division !:lench of the Karnacaka High Coun allowing tnt: appeal ot the plaintiff, the responoent had to be n;moved as a second crusiee. E It is, thtrefore, contended that m view of the said judgment there cannot be anmht:r Sankaracharya for the Trust which is the subject ma111.r of tnis SLP and that the Petitioner is espousing the cause of the Sanr1.ara1 .. 11arya ot the plaintiff in that suit, inasmuch as being a Sam;.aracharaya ht: would not pursue the maner in court. F II is also conkmh.:d mat the petitioner could not draw the attention of hie Division Bench of the High Court to the relevant clause in the Scnt:rm: ihuugh a copy of the said judgment of the Karnatdka High Coun was pan of me record before the Bombay High Court. Issue nouce." We may 1101.ce that me contention that both the Peeths are in effect and su.is.a11u: tm: br:mcni.;s ot me same entity was negatived by the High Court (j sta.mg: H ·· ... I ne cont.,nuun has to be statt:d merely for the purpose of being r~,'-''"''"a sm<.e tt1e1c 1s a categoric finding that the Karveer 1 rust is a sepo.rnce1y regis•<:n:d 'I rust under the l:lornbay Purlic Trust Act, bearing kxg1strat1un no. A-1391 (Kulhapur). It i5 brought to our notice that ll1c: aifairs or me ~anKt:shwar Trust art: the subject matter of some 279 PANDIT VASUOEV VY AS (DEAD) THROUGH LRS. '·BOARD OF MGMT. S.SJ.S. PEETH {SINHA.!.] pending litigation in the Kamataka High Court, at Bangalore. In the A first place, those proceedings are not produced for our perusal. Secondly, assuming that there is any controversy about the appointment of the trustee, at Sankeshwar, the Sankeshwar Trust bears a separate Registration Number _viz.,_ A-3059 (Be!gaum). Thirdly, there is no challenge to the factum of the registration of the Karveer B Trust as a separate legal entity in Maharashtra under Registration No. A-1391_ (Kolhapur). Fourthly, clause 5 of the Scheme of the Karveer Math specifically contemplates that the presiding Swami at the Karveer Trust shall be the sole trustee of the Trust." Mr. Srivastava, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Appellant, C would submit that the High Court committed an error of record in holding that the proceedings before the Karnataka High Court had not been produced as the judgment of the Karnataka High Court formed part of the records. A further error of record, according to Mr. Srivastava, has been committed by the Division Bench of the High Court insofar as clause 5 of the Scheme of the Karveer Peeth which specifically contemplates that the presiding Swami D at the Karveer Peeth shall be the sole trustee of the Trust, has not been considered. Mr. Chinmoy Khaladkar, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Respondents, on the other hand, submitted that having regard to the fact that both the Peeths are separately registered, they cannot be considered to be E branches of the same legal entity. A contention has specifically been raised before us that apart from the aforementioned litigation culminating in the Regular First Appeal No. 143 of 1982 before the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore, no other litigation was F pending. The Appellant contended that the litigation involving the question as to who would be appointed as a trustee was pending before the Karnataka High Court. According to the Respondent, however, no litigation was pending at any point of time before the courts at Karnataka as regards entitlement of a person to be appointed as a sole-trustee in respect of Sankeshwar Peeth. G Having heard the learned counsel for the parties, we are of the opinion that it is not necessary for us to go into the aforementioned question in detail, as the principal question before us is as to who should be appointed as a sole trustee of the Karveer Peeth. It may or may not be that both the Peeths were branches of the single H 280 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. I S.C.R. A entity but the question arising herein would have to be considered as to who could be appointed as to the sole trustee of the Karveer Peeth. For the said purpose, we may notice Clause 5 of the Trust Deed which is as under: "5. The presiding swami Shri Narasimha Krishna Bharati Guru Vidya Shankar Barati Swami Jagadguru Shri Shankaracharya Peeth, Karveer B is and shall be the sole trustee of the said trust subject to the decision of the court in pending matters in which case the person decided by the court as a trust shall be the trustee." The question as to whether both the Peeths are branches of a common entity may also have to be determined having regard to Clause 5 of the C Scheme of Trust framed in the year 1963. We, however, refrain ourselves from going into the said question and in particular the history thereof, as we are of the opinion that the High Court did not address itself as regards the import of Clause 5 of the Trust Deed. D The question as regards appointment of a sole trustee is a matter of great importance having regard to the provisions of the Bombay Public Trust Act. The Charity Commissioner and consequently the appellate courts should have made all endeavours to give effect to the desire of the founding trustees, if the said provision is applicable. It is in that view of the matter, we are of the opinion that the heirs and legal representative of original applicant may E be permitted to step into his shoes. We, however, do not intend to put our final seal in this regard and the said question may be raised before the High Court. .. We would, however, assume that the two Peeths were separately registered but, in terms of the trust deed, there cannot be any doubt whatsoever F that Clause 5 of the Scheme was relevant for the purpose of determination of the question as regards the appointment of the sole trustee. The said question was of great relevance, even if it be held that the two Peeths were registered separately and, thus, were two separate entities in the eyes of law. It has not been disputed that the said judgment of the Kamataka High Court G formed part of the record before the courts below. Its relevance for the purpose of interpreting Clause 5 of the Scheme cannot be disputed. Whether the said Clause fits in with the Scheme, as has been contended by the learned counsel for the Respondent, is also required to be determined on the basis of the materials on record. H We, therefore. are of the opinion that the matter should be directed to 28 J PANDIT VASUDEV VY AS (DEAD) TIIROUGH LRS. '· BOARD OF MGMT. S.S.J.S. PEETil [SINHA, J.] be considered afresh by -the Division Bench of the High Court. We direct accordingly. The learned counsel for the parties, however, state that Erande Swami is now aged about 92 years. The Second Respondent is also aged person about 80 years and, thus, the controversy shou Id be put to an end as early as possible. We agree With .the learned counsel. We would, therefore, request B the High Court to consider the desirability of disposing of the matter, as expeditiously as possible and preferably within a period of three months from the date of communication of this order. The judgment of the High Court is set aside. The appeal is allowed. The matter is remitted to the High Court with the aforementioned directions. C However, -in the facts and circumstances of this case, there shall be no order as to costs, D.G. Appeal allowed.