Noor Mohd. Khan, Srouse Khan Soudagar and Anr. v. Fakirappa Bharmappa Machenahalli and Ors.

789 NOOR MOHD. KHAN GROUSE KHAN SOUDAGAR Ai'!D ANR. A _v._ FAKIRAPPA BHARMAPPA MACHENAHALLI AND ORS. _April_ 28, 1978 [R. S. SARKARIA, N. L. UNTWALIA AND P. S. KAILASAM, JJ.] B _Karnataka Land_ _Refonns_ _Act,_ 1961. _(Mysore_ _Act_ 10 _af_ 1962), _Sections_ 132, 133 _an4_ 142 _(IA)-Eviction_ _of_ _a "tenant" from the land,_ _whether_ _the_ _decision of this Court_ _in_ Kulkarni's case [1966] 1 _SCR_ _145, interpreting Section_ _SSA_ _of_ _the Bornbay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands_ _Act,_ 1948 _also governs_ _the interpretation_ _of_ _the provisions_ _of_ _the Karnataka Act,_ 1961. _Karna/aka_ _Land_ _Reforms_ _Act,_ 1961 _(Mysore_ _Act_ 10 _of 1962)-Whether the_ C _provisions_ _of_ _Act_ _render the doctrine_ _of_ _tis pendens contained in Section_ 52 _of_ _the 1'ransf er_ _of Property_ _Act_ _(Central_ _Act_ 4), 1882 _inapplicable._ _Jurisdiction-Determination whether the jurisdiction was expressly or_ _by_ _necessary implications excluded depends on the provisions_ _of_ _the relevc.nt enact-_ _ments-Karnataka_ _Land Reforms_ _Act,_ 1961 _(Mysore_ _Act_ 10 _of_ 1962), _Sec-_ _tions_ 132 _and_ 133 _are_ _applicable to pending proceedings.-lnterpretation_ _of-_ _Karnataka_ _Land_ _Reforms_ _Act,_ 1961 _Sections_ 132, _and_ 133 _r/w_ _!vtysore Tenants_ 'D _(Ten1porary Protection froni eviction) Act,_ 1961 _Section_ 4(1) _and_ _Bombay_ _Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act,_ 1948 _S._ _SSA._ -, '-~ '\. A suit for pa11ition and possession was filed by the original resp0ndent No. 2 herein against respondent No. 4 (Defendant No. 1 in the Suit), defendants 2 to 7 being co-sharers and defendants 8 to 14 being tenants in possession. The Trial Court passed a preliminary decree on 13-12-1954 by which each branch got 1 /7th share. The said preliminary decree was confirmed by the High Court on 16-1-1963. In accordance with the law prevalent in the Karnataka State, an execution case under Section 54 r/w Order XX rule 18/0rder XXI rule 35 C.P.C. being LD 117/56 was filed by the plaintiff-decree holder and the appellants' predecessor-in-interest i.e. (defendants _5_ and 6) in the Court v,.·hich had passed the preliminary decree for final -partition and possession of the same had to be made and given by the Collector. In this execution case respondent No. 1 herein \vas impleaded as judgment debtor No. 20 because, during the pendency of the Suit in or about the year 1948, be had been inducted as a lessee of a portion of the suit properties in R.S. No. 61/1 and R.S. No. 61/2 situated in village Yattinahalli in Ranebennur Taluk of Dharwar district, The effect of impleading respondent No. 1 as a judgment debtor was as if he was impleaded as a party to the suit before final partition. On May 29, 1961, the Executing Court directed the Collector to partition the suit property and to give possession of their respective allotted lands to the various co-sharers including the appeUants. Respondent No. 1 did not object to the claim. Neither did he carry any appeal against the said orders. The Collector made the final allotment of the various lands to the different co-sharers. The disputed land over which respondent No. _1_ had been ihducted by respondent No. 4 was allotted to the share of the predecessors-in-interest of the appellants some time after 29-5-1961 and before 29-5-1965. E F G .. _>_ On 29-5-1965, in pursuance of the direction of the Execution Court and the Collector, the Tahsildar went to effect the delivery of possession but proposed to deliver only symbolical possession of the disputed land and declined to deliver actual possession, as he found respondent No. 1 to be in actual cultivating possession of it. The Execution Court was moved in the n1atter and by its order dated 8-6-1965, it directed the Tahsildar to deliver actual possession. H On an appeal by respondent No. 1 in C.A. 104/65 the said execution orders of the Tahsildar wac; confirmed resulting in Execution Second Appeal by Respondent No. I in E.S.A. _86165_ before the High Court. The High Court made _A_ B c D E H 790 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C.R· certain conditional orders of ad-interim stay. The conditions were not complied with by respondent No. 1. Thereupon the appellants made an application again to the Execution Court for directing actual delivery. The first respondent contested the application on the ground that he being the tenant of the land had made an application under the Mysore Land Reforms Act, 1961 which had come into force on October 2, 1965 seeking a declaration that he was a tenant within the meaning of that Act and obtained a stay. The Execution Court by its order dated 8-8-1967 rejected the plea and again directed the Tahsildar to deliver actual possession and this order was confirmed by the First Appellate Court in C.A. 34/67. Execution Second Appeal No. 78/67 was filed by respondent No. 1 in the High Court on 21-9-1967. The High Court disposed of both the E.S.A. 86 /65 and E.S.A. 78/67 by a common judgment and allowed the appeals. The High ·Court held that respondent No. 1, in view of the p.rovisioffi of the Karnataka Act, cannot be evicted and no actual delivery of possession can be given against him unless the requirements of the said Act was followed : Dismissing the appeals by special leave, the Court _Per_ _Untwalia,_ _J._ (On behalf of R. S. Sarkaria J. as well) HELD :1. Civil Court's jurisdiction is barred under section 132 of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, which is in _pari materia_ with Section _85_ of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948. Section 133 corresponds to Section 85A of the Act. 'The saving sub-section IA, inserted by Act 14 of 1965 in Section 142 e:xtcnded the protection of the eviction of the !vlysore Act against eviction and provided that an agriculturist shall not be liable to be evicted from land in respect of which he could be deemed to be a tenant except in accordance with the provisions of the Karnataka Act. [797 F-G, 798 D] _Custodian_ _of_ _Evacuee Property, Punjab_ _&_ _Ors._ v. _Jafran Begum,_ [1967J 3 S.C.R. 736; _Corporation_ _of_ _the City_ _of_ _Bangalore_ v. _B._ _T._ _Kampanna,_ [1977} I S.C.R. 269, _Secretary af Store_ v. _Mask Co.,_ 67 I.A. 222, explained. _Mussamiya Imam Haider_ _Bux_ _Razvi_ v. _Rabari Govindbhai Ratnabhai and_ _Ors.,_ f1969] I SCR 785; _explained and distinguished._ 2. The facts of the present case do attract the provision~ of the Mysore Tenants (Temporary Protection from Eviction) Act, 1961 and subsequently the Karnataka Land Reforms Act. The first respondent Was a tenant under the fourth respondent within the meaning of Section 2 ( 18) of the Bombay Act. He had therefore, the protection of the Bombay Act. Later he got the protection under Section. 2(e) of the Mysore Act and subsequently, the protection continued even under the Karnataka Act. The question which faU.c for decision in these appeals is not one as to the applicability of any of the three Acts to the land in dispute but squarely (i) it is a question as to whether the claim of the first respondent that he became a tenant under the appellants also is tenable under the various Act. Thus on the facts of the case· the decision of this Court in _Kulkarni's_ case applies on all fours. i[802 A·CJ _Bhiniji Shankar Kulkarni_ v. _Dundappa Vithappa Adapudi and Anr._ [196'] I SCR 145; followed. 3, The argument that thong~ the respondent No. 1 might have been inducted as a tenant by respondent No. 4, but as soon as, the land was allotted to the share of the appellants he ceased to be in lawful possession of the land and in view of the well settled position of law with reference to Section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act he could not be a 'tenant' or 'deemed tenant' under the appellants within the· meaning of the Bombay Act or Karnataka Act is not correct. A question arose during the pendency of the suit and the execution proceeding whether on the final allotment of the land to the appellants, respon doot No. 1 had ceased to be a tenant and had become a trespasser in view of J _,,I_ _Dhondi Tukaram Mali and Anr._ v. _Harl Dadu Mang and Ors.,_ I.L.R. 53 Y Bombay, 969 referred to ### ' . ----( ' SOUDAGAR _V._ MACHENAHALLI 791 section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act. The appellants may have a good ease on merits. But there does not seem to be any escape from the position that the adjudication of the question aforesaid fell squarely and exclusively within the jurisdiction of the Revenue Authorities and the Civil Court had no jurisdiction to decide it. It was not a case \vhere there was no dispute of the fact that respondent No. 1 was a tenant or _vice versa._ Nor was it a case where dispute had cropped up _inter se_ between two persons both claiming to be the landlord of the land or bet\reen two persons both claiming to be the tenant of the land. The dispute was whether respondent No. 1 had become the tenant of the appellants or not. [802 D-H, 803 A] _Bhifnappa_ _J_ _[7]_ _ent..appa Kerisa_ v. _Basavalingayya,_ I.L.R. 1958 Mysore, 197; _Ramdas_ _Popat Patil_ v. _Fakira Pandu Patil and Ors._ A.I.R. 1959 Bombay, 19 and _Chandbeg Muradbeg and Ors._ v. _Raje Madhao Devidasrao Jahagirda'r and_ _Ors.,_ AIR 1961 By 146, explained and distinguished. _Kedar NaJh Lal and Anr._ v. _Ganesh_ _Ran1_ _and Ors._ [1970] 2 S.C.R. 204, referred to. _Per_ _F(ailasan1_ _l._ A B c ##### 1. The exclusion of the jurisdiction of the Civil CV>urt is not to be lightly inferred. Such exclusion must be explicitly expressed or clearly implied. In order to determine whether the jurisdiction of the Civil Court was expressly or by necessary implication exCiuded the provisions of the relevant enactments will have to be considered. [806 A-DJ D _Secretary_ _of_ _State_ v. _Mask Co.,_ 67 I.A. 622, _Dhulabhai_ v. _State_ _of_ _M.P._ [1968] 3 SCR 662; _State_ _of_ _West Bengal_ v. _The Indian Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.,_ [1971] I S.C.R 275, _Union_ _of_ _India_ v. _Tara Chand Gupta and Bros.,_ [1971] 3 S.C.R. 557; reiterated. 2. The Kamataka Land Reforms Act as well as the. earlier enactments were made for the purposes of introducing agrarian refom1~. conferment of owner..;· ship on tenants, ceiling on land holdings and for certain other matters referred E to in the Act. Any dispute arising under the provisions of the Act and relating to disputes between landlord and tenant \vill be within the jurisdiction of -, the Tribunal constituted under the Act. [808 A-BJ By Secti©n 132 of the Ka.rnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961, the jurisdiction of the Civil Court to settle, decide, to deal with any question which is under the Act required to be decided by the authorities set up by the Act is taken away. Under Section 112 B which enumerates the duties of the Tribunal it is clearly the duty of the Tribunal to determine whether a person who claims to F be a tenant is an agriculturist, whether he cultivates personally the I<inds, whether he holds the lands from a landlord, whether he is a deemed tenant under section 4, whether he is entitled to protection from eviction from any land under the Kamataka Tenants (Temporary Protection from Eviction) Act, 1961, whether he is a permanent tenant and whether he is a protected tenant. In this connection it is necessary to note the definition of landiord in section 2(21) which means a person who has leased the land to a tenant and includes person eliltitled t~ receive the rent from ~ tena~t. It is alse thr duty of the T ribunz-1 to determine whether the tenant _is_ holding the la:nd on lease from a landlord. G [807 B, F-Hl _Asa Ram and Anr._ v. _Mst._ _Ram_ _Kali_ _&_ _Anr.,_ [1958] S.C·.R. 986 referred tiJ . . 3. Sub-section 2(a) o_f ~ection 133 of the. ~amatakc: Act is applicable to suits on!y and d?es not md1cate that. t.he prov1s1ons are applicable to -execution proce~rngs or in appeals. before Crvd Courts.. The jurisdiction of the Civil Court rs. taken away only in respect o.f the decisions of the issues in suits that a.re required to be referred to the Tnbunal under Section 133 and the Civil H Court shall stay the suit. On receint of a communication from the Tribu'D.al the Ci.vH Court has to proceed with the trial o~ .the suit and dispose it 0 [f ] according to law. In the absence of express prov1s1on, when an issue has been A B c D E F G H 792 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C.R· referred by the Civil Court to the Tribunal and is receivetl back and a decree passed in the suit, the provision of the Civil Procedure Code regarding appeals and revisions will be applicable. In such circumstances the appellate Court will have to consider the correctness or otherwise of the issue that has been decided by the Tribunal. Section 4(1) of the Mysore Act which is similar to section 133(2) of the Karnataka Act provided for stay of execution in suits, proceedings and execution of decrees or orders and ot.he.r proceedings for the eviction of tenant. In applying section 133, therefore, the questions that have to be considered are, whether the sub-section is applicable to execution proceed· ings and in appeals before Civil Courts. [808 F-H, 809 A-Bl In the instant case, as the respondent took the plea that he is protected under the Mysore Land Reforms Act, 1961, the question as to what extent the jurisdiction of the Civt1 Court is barred ought to have been gone into by the High Court. It is unfortunate that the High Court corisi.dered it unnecessary to consider the various questions in the Second Appeals in view of the decision of this court in _Bhima}i Shanker Kulkarni_ v. _Dundappa Vithappa Udapudi and_ _Anr.,_ [1966] 1 S.C.R. 145. The only other ground on which the appeals were dismissed was that under section 142(1-A) of the Mysore Act corresponding to section 22 of the Kamataka Act, the 1st respondent was entitled to protection. The protection is available only when the land is held by a person as a tenant. [810 B-D] _Bhimaji Shankar Kulkarni_ v. _Dundappa Vithappa Udapudi and Anr._ [1966] ;. 1 S.C.R. 145; _Dhondi Tukkaram_ v. _Hari Dadu_ I.LR. (1953) Born. 969; explained. / 4. If in law the sharer in possession could not enter into any transaction obviously affecting the rights of the parties the defendant cannot claim any right and therefore, will not be a tenant. The question to be considered in such circumstances is whether an issue that the defendant is a tenant arises at all. [8ll G-H, 812 A] _5._ The Civil Court has inherent power to decide the question of its own juri5diction .d. h'lLigb as a result of an inquiry it may turn out that it has no jurisdiction. Even though the defendant may plead that he is a tenant, the Court must be satisfied that an issue whether the defendant is a tenant or not arises before it could be referred for determination by the Tribunal and the question of jurisdiction will not be decided mainly on L.1.e plea of the defendants. [812 A, 813A] _Bhatia Cooperative Housing Society_ v. _D._ _C._ _Patel,_ [1953] S.C.R. 185; followed. _Bhimaji Shankar Kulkarni_ v. _Dundappa Vithappa Udapudi and Anr.,_ [1966} 1 S.C.R. 145, _Raizada Topandas and Anr._ v. _Mis._ _Gorakhram Gokhalchand,_ [19641 2 S.C.R. 214; _Vasudcva Gopalkrishna Tanwaker_ v. _The Board_ _of_ _Liqui-_ _dators Happ)' Home Cooperative Housing_ _Society_ [1964] 3 S.C.R. 964; _Musamiya Imam Haider Beg_ _Razvi_ v. _Raberi Govindha Ratnabhai and Ors._ [1969] 1 S.C.R. 785, _Secretary_ _of_ _State_ v. _Mask_ _&_ _Co .•_ 67 I.A, 222. _Corpora-_ _tion_ _of_ _City_ _of_ _Bangalore_ v. _B. T. Kan1panna,_ [1977] 1 S.C.R. 269, explained. 6. In the instant case : (a) It was incumbent on the High Court to decide the several questions that arise for consideration. The plea of the appe1lants Lhat the decisions of the Civil Courts directing the 1st respondent to deliver the possession to the appellant have become final and was no more available to him to be raised under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act also falls for decision. Equally, the plea that the questions that arise in the appeals. are not \Vithin the. compet~nce of the Tribunal, also ought to have been gone into. Before referring the issue to the Tribunal the High Court ought to have come to a conclusion that on the facts of the case the issue as to whether the Ist respondent is a tenant has arisen and has to be decided by the Tribunal. [816 D-E] (b) The High Court O'll;ght to have also considered whe~her a~y restriction 011 the jurisdiction of the Civil Courts placed under the _} .. ct_ ts applicable to the T .. SOUDAGAR _v._ MACHENAHALLI _(Untwalla,_ _!.)_ 793 **High Court also.** **The jurisdiction** **of** **the Civil Courts** **is** **not entirely barred as** **the Act only provides for reference of certain issues for decision before** **the** **Revenue Tribunal** **and** **after receipt of the finding** **of** **such issues to** **record a** **1udgment on such finding.** **The appeal** **to** **the Civil Courts according to** **the** **Civil Procedure Code** **and** **the jurisdiction** **of** **the High Cuurt in hearing appeals** **and** **revisions under certain circumstances have not been excluded. [816 F-G]** **[In view of** **the** **statement** **at** **the** **bar** **that** **during** **the pendency** **of these** appeals in this Court that the Land Tribunal dismissed R.C. 37 /66 filed by tbe **respondent seeking declaration that he is a tenant** **in** **holding** **and** **that he** **1s** **not** **a tenant,** **the** **court** **ordered** **(a)** **that** **actual delivery ot possessions** w~uld ~e **delivered to the** **appellants** **if** **the question** **has** **already been finally decided** **in** **favour of** **the** **appellants** **(b)** **If not** **the** **revenue** **authorities** **should** **decide** **as** quicl~ly **as** **possible** **and** **if** **the decision** **goes** **in** **favour of the appellants no time** **should** **be** **lost** **in** **giving actual delivery of possession to them** an~ **if** **per** **chance,** **the decision** **goes** **against** **them** **only symbolical possession** **be** **given.]** **A** **B** CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeals Nos. 2372- **C** 2373/68. Appeals by Special Leave from the Judgment. and Order dated 9th February 1968 of the Mysore High Court in Execution Second Appeal . Nos. 86 of 1965 and 78 of 1967. ' S. S. _Javali_ and _M._ _Veerappa_ for the Appellants. _Nazmit_ _Lal_ and _K._ _Vasudev_ for Respondent No. 1 in both the appeals. _K._ _Ramkumar_ and _K._ _Jayaram_ for Respondent No. 4 (In C.A. 2372/68). The Judgment of the Court was deliver~d by lJNTWAUA, J. These two appeals by special leave are from the co?1mon jud!9!1ent of the Karnataka High Court. In the year 1945, a smt for J?Urt1t10n and posses~10n :vas filed by th~ original respondent No. 2 (smce deceased and his helfs substituted). In the said suit all the C?-sharers were impleaded as defendants 1 to 7. The 4th respondent m these appeals was defendant No. 1 and the predecessors-ininterest of the appellants were defendants 5 and I\. Each branch had 1 /7th share., A prelimhzary decree was pa>sed by the Trial Court ori Deccm?er b. 1954, whzch was eventually confirmed by the ·High Cou:t m a 'econd. al?peal decided on January 16, 1963. After. the passmg Qf the prehmmary decree in thq year 1954, in accordance \vith t~e law prevalent. in the Stat.e of Karnataka (then known as Mysore s.ate),. an execution case bemg L.D. 117 of 1956 was filed by the plamtzff .. decree ho.Ider and the appellants in the Court which had passed the prclimmary decree for final partition and possession; the same had .to be made and given by the Colle~tor. In the, execution case was 1mpkaded respondent No. 1 in these appeals as judgmentdebtor . N,a. 20 be~ause ~e h~d _been inducted as a lessee of a portion of the su,t properties dunng its pcndency in or about the year 1948 b :espondent no. 4. The e.ffect of impleading respondent no. 1 as i JUdgment-clebtor was as 1f he was 1mpleaded as a party to th 't before the final partition. On May 29, 1961 the executing eci~:t 16-315SCI/78 ' **D** **E** **F** G **H** A B c D E F G H 794 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978) 3 S.C.R· directed the Collector to partition the suit property and to give possession of their respective allotted Iapds to the various co-sharers including the appellants. The Collector made the final allot.ncnt of the various lands to the different co-sharers. The disputed land over which respondent no. 1 had been inducted by respondent no. 4 was allotted to the share of the appellants sometime after May 29, 1961 and before May 29, 1965. On 29-5-1965, in pursuance of the direction of the Execution Court and the Collector, the Tahsildar went to edect the delivery of possession but proposed to deliver only symbolical possession of the disputed land and declined to deliver actual possession, as, he found 1espondent no. 1 to be in actual cultivating possession of it. The Execution Court was moved in the matter and by its order dated June 8, 1965, it directed the Tahsildar to deliver actual possession. The said order was confirmed in appeal on July 31, 1965 by the First, Appellate Court. Respondent no. 1 filed Execution Second Appeal No. 86 of i965, presumably because the order dated 8-6-1965 of the Execution Court was one under section 4 7 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In this appeal, the High Court made certain conditional orders of ad-interim stay. The conditions were not complied with by respondent no. 1. Tliereupon, the appellants made an application again to the Execution Court for directing actual delivery of possession. The first respondent contested the application filed by the appellants on the ground that he being a tenant of the land had made an application under the Mysore Land Reforms Act, 1961 which had come into force 'on 0-=tober 2, 1%5, hereinafter to be called the Karnataka Act, seeking a declaration that he was a tenant within the meaning of tbat Act. The Execution Court, by its order dated August 8, 1967, again directed the Tahsilde.r to deliver actual possession and its order was confirmed by the First Appellate Court on August 31, 1967. Execution Second Appeal No. 78 of 1967 was filed by respondent no. 1 in the High Court on September 21, 1967. The Hi[,11 Court has allowed both the appeals by its common juagment dated February 9, 1968 and held that respondent no. J, in view of the provisions of the Kamataka Act, cannot he evicted and no actual delivery,,f possession can be given against him unless the requirements of rhe said Act are followed. In so doing !he High Court has followed the decision of this Court in _Bhimaji Shanker Kulkarni_ v. _Dwzdappa_ _Vuthappa Udapudi and anr(_ _[2 ]_ _)_ given in relation ~o the corresponding provisions of The Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948, hereinafter called the Bombay Act. Hence these appeals. Mr. S. S. Javali argued for the appellants and strenuously assailed the judgmen! of the High Court. Mr. Naunit La!, appearing for the first respondent combated his argument. Although respondent no. 4 was also represented before us by an Advocate, no argument was ad. vanced Dn his behalf, as thei disput11 in these appeal; i~ mainly between the appellants and the first respondent. Before we proceed to notice and discuss the contentions raised by the appellan:.S, we may note a few more undisputed facts \\'hich were (1) [1966J 1 S.C.R 145-A.I.R. 1966 S.C. 166. j ,/ .. {, ~ ### -~( \_ ,_.. f / _I]_ ... SOUDAGAR·V. MACHENAHALLI _(Un'iwaliii,_ !.) 795 A given to us by learned counsel for tlie parties.. The disputed land in this case is comprised in R.S. No. 61/1 and R.S. No. 61/2 situated in village Yattinahalli in Ranebennur Taluk of Dharwar District, which once formed pat! of the erstwhile State of Bombay. On the re-organization of the States in the year 1956, vt1!age Yattinahalli came to form part of the erstwhile State of Mysore-now known as the State of Karnataka. Our attention was, therefore, rightly drawn to the rele'ant provisions of the Bombay Act which were applicable to the dis- B puted lar;d 2nd remained so applicable even after the re-organization of the State until The Mysore Tenants (Temporary Protection from Eviction) Act. 1961, hereinafter called the Mvsore Act, and the Karnataka Act were passed and enforced. . ·At the outset of the discussion of the points urged for the appellants, we may briefly notice the relevant provisions of the three Acts'- C viz. the Bombay Act, the Mysore Act and the Karnataka Act. Subsections (18), (14) and (lOA) of the definition section 2 of the Bom bay Art respectively defines 'tenant', 'protected knant' and 'permanerit tenant'. Sub-section (18) says: " "tenant" means a person who holds land on lease and includes- D (a) a person who is deemed to be a tenant under section 4; (b) a person who is a protected tenant; and ( c) a person who is a permanent tenant; E and the word "landlord" shall be construed accordingly." Persons to be 'deemed tenants' are mentioned in section 4. The pro cedure for taking possession by or from a tenant under the Bombay Act is provided in section 29. If a person was a tenant under the 8aid Act indisputably he could be evicted only on the grounds and in accordance wilh the Bombay Act. Section 70 enumerates the duties of the Mamlatdar and says : ~ - - F "For the purposes of this Act the following shall be the duties and functions to be performed by the Marnfatdar :- (a) to decide whether a person is an agriculturist; ";-· (b) to decide whether a person is, or was at any time in G the past, a tenant or a protected t~nant or a permanent **tenant** : .................... " The words in ~lause (b) "or was at any time in the past" were added with retrospective effect by Maharashtra Act 49 cl 1969. It seerr 1 s to have be~n so done in view of the decision of this Court in _Mussamiya_ _Imam_ Haz~er _Bax_ Raz~i y. _,Rqbari Govindbhai Ratnabhai_ & _Ors.(")_ H ~nder section 85 the 3unsd1ct10n of the Civil Court concerning any (I) [1969] I S.C.R· 785. l " ' . ' A B c D E F G H 796 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C.R. matter which has to be decided or dealt with by the Revenue Authorities, including the question whether a person is ur was at any time In the past a tenant or not, is barred. Section 85A has been extracted in _Kulkarni's_ case (supra). It provides that if in any suit instituted in any Civil Court an issue arises which has to be decided by the Revenue Authority, then the Civil Court shall refer such an issue for the decision of the Revenue Authority and stay the hearing of the suit until then. The Civil Court shall, thereafter, pronounce its decision ·in accordance with the decision of the Revenue Authority on that issue. Dealing with the provisions of the Bombay Act and approving the principle decided by the Bombay High Court in the case of _Dhondi_ _Tukaram_ _Ma!i,_ _and another_ v. _Hari Dadu Mang, and others(')_ a dcciEion which was given before the introduction of Section 35A in the Bombay Act, it was held in _Kulkarni's_ case as follows at page 149 : "The Mamlatdar has exclusive jurisdiction to entertain an application by a landlord for possession df agricultural lands against a tenant, and the Civil Court has no jurisdiction to entertain, and try a suit by a landlord against a tenant for possession of agricultural lands. The Mamlatdar has no jurisdiction to try a suit by a landowner for recovery of possession of agricultural lands from a trespas_ser or from a mortgagee on redemption of a mortgage. and the Civil Court has jurisdiction t0 entertain such a suit; but if the defendant to the suit pleads that he is a tenant or a protected tenant or a permanent tenant and an issue arises whether he is such a tenant, the Court must refer the issue to the Mamlatdar for determination, and must. stay the suit pending such determination, and after the Mamlatdar has decided the issue, the Court may dispose of the suit in the light of the decision of the Mamlatdar." We now advert to the relevant and corresponding provisions of the Mysore and the Karnataka Acts. Section 2(e) of the Mysore Act says:- " "tenant" means an agriculturist who holds land on lease from a landlord and includes an agriculturist, who is or is deemed to be a tenant under any law .for the time being in **forcr.',** Sub-section ( 1) of section 4 rellds as follows : _"Stay of certain suits or proceedings.-(1)_ All suits proceedings in execution of decrees or orders and other proceedings for the eviction of tenants from the lands held by them as tenants or in which a claim for such evictiou is involved pending in any civil or revenue court Jr before any Tribunal on the date of commencement o[ this Act, or which mav be instituted on or after the date of such commerice me~t, shall stand stayed during the period this Act remains in force." (1) I.L.R. 53 Bombay, 969 . \ _y•_ ' eOUDAGAR _v._ MACHENAHALLI ( _Untwalia,_ J.) 797 It would thus be seen that if respondent No. 1 in these appeals was A ~ "deemed tenant" under the Bombay Act, he had the protection of . the Mysore Act. The Karnataka Act has been amended several hmes, such as, by Karnataka Act 14 of 1965; Act 38 of 1966· Act .6. of 1970 and Act 1 of 1974. We are referring to the relevant pro~is1011s ot the Karnataka Act from one of the two petitions of si;iecial leave, as we we_re given to understand that the relevant provi sion~ at the relevant time read as mentioned in the said petition of B specia\ leave. _The .expression~ 'permanent tenant' and 'protected t?nant are defin~d m sub-sect10ns (23) and (27) respectively of sect10n 2. Sub-section (34) says :- " "tenant" means an agriculturist who holds land on lease from a landlord and includes : (i) a person who is deemed to be a tenant under section 4; (ii) a person who was protected from eviction froni any land by the Mysore Tenants (Temporary Protection from Eviction) Act, 1961, ; (iii) A person who is a permanent tenant; and (iv) A person who is a protected tenant." c D Persons to be 'deemed tenants' are mentioned in section -1- more or less on the lines of section 4 of the Bombay Act. The grounds on which a tenant can be evicted are mentioned in section 22. Section 111 provides for constitution of Tribunal and the duties of Tribunal E are enumerated in section 112, the relevant portion of which reads as follows: "For the purpose of this Act, the following shall be the duties and functions to be performed by the Tribunal namely:- Section 4." j t (b) to decide whether a person is a tenant or not under ~! _C---_ Civil Court's jurisdiction is barred under section 132 \\hich is in _pari materia_ with section 85 of the Bombay Act. Section 133 corres,_ ponding to section 85A of the Bombay Act may be quoted here: F G H _"Suits involving issues required_ _to_ _be_ _decided under this_ _Act_ :-(I) If any suit instituted in any civil court involves any issues which are required to be settled, decided or dealt with by any authority competent to settle, decide or deal wit_h such issues under this Act (hereinafter referred to as tlie "competent authority"), the Civil Court shall stay the suit and refer such issues to such competent authority for determination. (2) On receipt of such reference from the Civil Court the competent authority shall deal with and decide such issues 798 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C.R. A in accordance with the provisions of this Act and shall communicate its decision to the civil court and such court shall thereupon dispose of the suit in accordance with the procedure applicable thereto." Section 142 of the Karnataka Act provides for repeal and savings ot certain earliar Acts. Sub-section (lA) was inserted by Act 14 of J 965 in section 142. It reads as follows : c D E F G H '~Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) or in any law in force in any area of the State of Mysore at any time before the commencement of this Act, the first proviso to the said sub.,sectien or any other provision of Jaw. shall not be applicable in so far as the said proviso or provision of law will enable any person to evict from any agricultural land any agriculturist protected from eviction from any land in his possession by the Mysore Tenants (Temporary Protection from Eviction) Act, 1961, and no such agriculturist shall be liable to be eviCted from such land except in accordance with the provisions of this Act." It would thus be seen that if respondent no. 1 was a tenant within the meaning of the Bombay Act, then he had the protection of the Mysore Act against his eviction and sub-section (lA) of section 142 of the Karnaiaka Act extended the protection and provided that he shall not be liable to be evicted from land in respect of which he could be deemed to be a tenant except in accordance with the provisions of the Kar~ataka Act. In the execution proceeding in question a dispute h.as arisen as to whether respondent no. 1 is a tenant or not within the meaning of the Bombay Act and/or the Karnataka Act. The said respondent was inducted upon the disputed land by respondent no. 4 during the pendency of the partition suit. Iri all probability, therefore, as was argued by Mr. Javali for the appellants, his lease would be affected on the doctrine of _!is_ _pendens_ engrafted in section 52 of The Transfer or Property Act, 1882. Counsel submitted that respondent no. l could not be a tenant or a deemed tenant under the appellants after the land was finally allotted in their share by the Collector in pursuance of the preliminary decree passed by the Civil Court. He was inducted upon the land when by a private arrangement or otherwise the land was in possession of respondent no. 4 and during the pendency of the partition suit. It seems, because of that reason, this respondent was impleaded in the execution case filed by the appellants and others as judgment debtor no. 20. In view of the special procedure of law prevalent in the State of Karnataka (then Mysore), the effect of impleading respondent no. 1 as judgment debtor no. 20 was to make him a party to the suit and the execution proceeding enabling him to take his objections to the execution under section 47 of the C<1de of Civil Procedure. Rightly or wrongly he took the objection th1t he was a tenant and, therefore, could not be 'evicted by the Collector in pursuance n'. the Jina! partition decree or order by giving actual deTivery of possession to the appellants. An issue, therefore,,arose for decision .... _J_ SOUDAGAR _v._ MACllENAilALLI _(Untwalia,_ J.) 799 of the Civil Court in the suit or the execution proceeding which was a continuation of the partition suit as to whether respond'ent no. 1 was a tenant within the meaning of the relevant Acts. The stand taken on behalf of lhe appellants with reference to section 52 of The Transfer of Property Act may be good and may hav~ force. i:'one~he1css, the jurisdiction ol the Civil Court to decide this contenllous issue . was barred. The matter had to be decided by the Revenue Authonttes. If the Revenue Authorities finally came fo the conclusion that respondent no. 1 w~s a tenant within the meaning of the relev~nt provisions of the Jaw, it 1s plam that no actual dellvery of possesswn could be effected in favour of the. appelfants in respect of the disputed fand. If, however, the decision of the Revenue Aulhorities finally went agamst respondent no. 1 in regard to his claim of being a tenant, it is equally plain that aclual delivery of possession over the disputed land can be and has got to be effected in favour of the <lppellants by dispossessing respondent no. 1 in the very execution case which has given rise to these appeals. Mr. Naunit Lal's contention that, in that event, respQndent no. 1 will have other points to urge before the Civil Court or the High Court has no substance. No other point requiring any further consideration arises in this case. An identical view was expressed by this Court in regard to the bar of the jurisdiction of the Civil Court with reference to an evacuee property in the case of _Custodian_ _of Evacuee Property Punjab_ _&_ _Ors._ v. _Jafra11_ _Begum,(_ _[1]_ _)_ interpreting section 46 of the Administration of Evacuee Property Act, 1950. The High Court had taken the _view that whether a certain person had or had not become an evacuee was determinable only by the authorities under the Act; [1] :mt the determination of a complicated question of law relating to title to the property by such authorities was not final and could be re-opened In the Civil Court. This Court did not countenance the view of the High Court and held that section 46 is a complete bar to the jurisdiction of the Civil Court to adjudicate upon the question whether the. property in dispute or rigl1t to or interest therein is or is not evacuee prope11y. Mr. Javali, on the basis of the decisions of this Court _inMussamiya Imam_ _Haider_ v. _Rabari Govindbhai Ratnabhai_ & _Ors_ (supra) and _Corpora-_ _tion_ _of the City of Bangalore_ v. _B. T. Kampanna(_ _[2 ]_ _)_ submitted that the question whether respondent no. 1 in the past was a tenant of the appellants could not be referred to the Revenue Authorities; nor was the jurisdiction of the Civil Court ousted to decide the applicability of the Act concerning the claim of respondent no. 1. It would be noticed from the facts of _Razvi's_ case that the Collector's order gra_t1ting lease in favour of the defendant$ was made on 28-7-1956 but the Kabuliyat was executed on August 24, 1956. It was, therefore, held by the Higli Court as also by this Court that tbc lease was granted only on 24-8-1956. One of the question for consideration was whether the defendants had become statutory owners of the suit lands under Section 32 o( the "Bombay Act on account of their (I) [1967] 3 S.C.R. 736. (2) (1977 S.C.R. 269. A B c D E F G H . A B c D E F G H 800 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1978] 3 S.C.R· claim that they were tenants of the land on tlie tillers' day i.e. 1-4-57. The lease which became operative from24-8-1956 was for a period of one year. Since the provisions of Section l to 87 A of the Bombay Act were not applicable to the plaintiff's estate from 1-8-1956 to 11-5-1958, and the tenancy expired on 31-5-1957, it was held that there was no subsisting lease on 11-5-1958 and the High Court was right in taking the view that the defendants had failed to establish that they had become statutory owners of the land by virtue of the first provi3o to Section 88 read with Section 32 and 32F as amended under the Amending Act No. 13 of 1956 (vide pages 795-796). It may be pointed out that neither by Section 70 nor by Section 85, as it stood at the relevant time, a jurisdiction was CQ\'lferred on the Mamlatdar nor was the jurisdiction of the Civil Court ousted in clear terms as required by _Mask's case(_ _[1]_ _)_ _apropos_ the questions whether a person was or was not a tenant in the past or whether he had become a statutory owner under _the relevant amended provisions of the Bombay Act. In that situation iJ was held by this Court that the decision on the question of ownership of the teoont on the tillers' day was not outside the jurisdiction of the Civil Court. The decision of this issue was dependant on the d!cision of another issue, namely, whether the defendants were or were not the tenants of the suit lands on the material date namely 28-7-1956 or on 11-5-1958. In view of the provisions of law, as it then stood, it was held at pages 796-797: "Section 70(b) of the Act imposes a duty on the Mamlatdar to decide whether a person is a tenant, but the subsection does not cast a duty upon him to decide whether a person was or was not a tenant in the. past whether recent or remote ....... . Jn other words, the plea of tenancy on the two past dates wus a subsidiary plea and the mam pie~ :was of statutory ownership and the jurisdiction of the CIVIi Court cannot therefore be held to be barred in this .case by virt!l~ of the provisions of s. 70 of the Act read with the prov1s10ns of s. 85 of the Act." The suit in _Razvi's_ case was filed on 11-7-1958 and this Court opined that the decision of the question whether the defendants_ w~e the tenants on any of the relevant dates before th~ :Jate of the smt 'Yas not outside the jurisdiction of the Civil .Court as 1t was a qucstton relating to their claim of being a tenant m the past. It may be useful to point out that sections 70 and 85 of the Bombay Act were thereafter amended with retrospective effcet by Maharashtra Act 49 of 1969. In clause (b) of section_70 t_hc words after the amendment are "person is, or was at an:,: time m the I?ast, a tenant". Clause (kk) was also inserted in secllon 70 by the said Act giving jurisdiction to the Mamlatdar to bold an enqmry and restore possession of land under sub-section (lB) of scc!ion 32. It is also (l) 67 J ndian Appeals, 222. " . ... l SOUDAGAR _v._ MACHENAHALLI _(Kai/asam,_ _J.)_ 801 to be noticed that in section 85 (1) of the Act by the said Amending Act the words, "including a question whether a person is or was at any time in the past a tenant and whether any such tenant is or should be deemed to have purchased from his landlord the land held by him" were added retrospectively, thus clearly oustmg the jurisdiction of the Civil Court Since the law was retrospectively amrncicd the ratio of _Razvi's_ case can no longer be applied. Moreover the case is clearly distinguishable also. In these appeals the relevant date with reference to which the claim of respondent no. 1 to be a tenant under the appellants had to be decided was not a date in the' past, but fell squarely during the pendency of the suit and the execution proceeding. The facts of the _Bangalore Corporation's_ case are these : A ]ease for five years was granted by the Bangalore Corporation in 1953 m respect of the land situated in the city of Bangalore. 1he Bombay Act was obviously not applicable to this land. Immediately after tlie expiry of the lease in the year 1958, a notice was given to Kampanna to hand over possession of the land. Karnpanna filed a suit against the corporation for the grant of a permanent in junction restraining the latter from interfering with his possession. The suit was dismissed on the ground that the lease had terminated by ef!lux of time. The appeal was dismissed on 21st August, 1964. The Corporation then instituted the suit giving rise to this appeal in the Supreme Court claiming posses_sion from Kampanna on the ground that he was a trespasser. Kampanna contended that he was still a tenant. He claimed protection under the Mysore Act. The suit was decreed. Kampanna preferred an appeal. The High Court remanded the matter to the Trial Court for assessment of damages. After remand, by an amendment of the written statement Kampanna claimed protection under the Karnataka Act. The Mysore Act ceased to be in force in March, 1966. The application for amendment of the written statement was made on the 2nd February, 1973. Kampanna contended, relying upon section 133 of the Karnataka Act, that the suit should be stayed by the Civil Court and the matter should be referred to the Tribunal for decision. Section 112 (B) (b) of the Karnataka Act confers power on the Tribunal to decide, _inter alia,_ whether a l,erson is a tenant or not. Kampanna claimed that he was a deemed tenant under the said Act and hence a tenant. The High Court. in revision. directed the Trial Court to refer the issue to the Tribunal. · This Court allowed the appeal and held that section 133 did not apply. The reasons for so holding are these: Section 107(1) (iii) made the Karnataka Act, except section 8. inapplicable to the land in question. The lease was determined by efllux of time in the year 1958. The question whether Kampanna was a tenant or "deemed tenant" did not arise because the tenancy had come to an end. Section 4 (it seems section 2 against Fat page 271 is a mistake for Section 4) of the Karnataka Act was held to be not applicable. It was further held in the last paragraph at page 271 that the Mysore Act could not be pressed into service by Kampanna for protection against eviction. The land was ontside the applicability of the Mysore Act which also ceased to be in operation in 1966. In that view of the matter, this Court observed A· B c [) G H •• B c 0 £ F G H 802 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 s.c.R. at page 271 : "The trial Court in the present case rightly said that it could not be said that there was any dispute as to tenancy." The facts of the present case are quite different. As discussed above, they do attract the provisions of the Mysore Act and consequently of the Karnataka Act. The first respondent was a tenant under the fourth respondent within tfie meaning of the Bombay Act. He had, therefore, the protection of the Bombay Act. Later he got the protection under the Mysore Act and subsequently the protection continued even under the Karnataka Act. The question which falls for decision in these appeals is not one as to the applicability of any of the three Acts to the land in dispute but squarely it is a question as to whether the claim of the first respondent that he became a tenant under the appellants also is tenable under the various Acts. Thns on the facts of this case the decision of this Court in _Kulkarni's_ case applies on all fours. Mr. Javali then submitted that the respondent no. 1 might have been inducted as a tenant by respondent no. 4 but, as soon as the land was allotted to the share of the appellants, he ceased to be in lawful possession of the land and in view of the well-settled position of law with reference to section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act he could not be a 'tenant' or 'deemed tenant' under the appellants; his possession was not lawful within the meaning of section 4 of the Bombay Act or the Karnataka Act on the allotment of the land to the appellants. The decision of such a question with reference to the right of a person other than the landlord was not ontside the jurisdiction of the Civil Court. Mr. Javali sought to lend support to his argument from some decisions of the Mysore and Bombay high Courts _viz.Bhimappa Venkappa Kerisa_ v. _Basavalingayya;(1') Ramdas Popat_ _Patil_ v. _Fakira Pandu Patil and others(')_ and _Chandbeg Muradbeg and_ _others_ v. _Raje Madhaorao Devidasrao Jahagirdar and others.(')_ In regard to the merits of the point with reference to section 52 of The Transfer of Property Act, he made reference to the decision of this court in _Kedar Nath Lal_ & _Anr._ v. _Ganesh Ram_ & _Ors.(_ _[4 ]_ _)_ In our opinion, the argument of the appellants is not well-founded and must be rejected. A question arose during the pendency of the suit and the execution proceeding whether on the final allotment of the land to the appellants, respondent no. 1 had ceased to be a tenant and had become a trespasser in view of section 52 of The Transfer of Property Act. The appellants may have a good" case on merits. But there does not seem to be any escape from the position that the adjudication of the question aforesaid fell squarely and exclusively within the jurisdiction of the Revenue Authorities and the Civil Court had no jurisdiction to decide it. It was not a case where there v:as no dispute of the fact that respondent no. l was a tenant or vice J •• \· ' I """ ### (1) I.LR. 1958 Mysore, 197. (3) AI.R. 1961 Bombay" 14~. (2) A.LR. 1,59 Bombay 19 f4) (197012 S.C.R. 204" SOUDAGAR _v._ MACHENAHALLI _(Kailasam,_ **J.)** 803 versa. Nor was it a case where dispute had cropped up _inter_ _se_ **A** between two persons both claiming to be the landlord of the land or between two persons both claiming to be the tenant of the land. The dispute was whether respondent no. 1 had become the tenant of the appellants or not. In _Bhimappa's_ case (supra) the defendant had set up title to the suit' land in the third party. While admitting that he was a tenant, the defendant asserted that the plaintiff was not his landlord but he was a tenant under a third party. In such a situation it was held -by the Mysore High Court that it was not the jurisdiction of the **Mamlat-** dar to decide as to who was the true owner of the land as between the B .-, plaintiff and the third party. Strictly speaking the correctness of the ~,-~decision is open to doubt in view of what as said by this Court in ' _Kulkarnrs_ case (supra). But, as at present advised, we rest content **C** by merely distinguishing this case. In the case of _Ramdas Popat_ _Patil_ (supra) the question for decision of the Bombay High Court with reference to section 52 of The Transfer of Property Act came up for consideration after the decisions of the Re\1enue Authorities. This case is, therefore, of no help to the appellants. In _Chandbeg's_ case (supra) the question before the Full Bench of the Bombay High. 0 Court was whether the person claiming to be· the tenant could be **E** **F** G ,. ) deemed to be a tenant under section 6 of the Bombay Tenancy nnd Agricultural Lands (Vidarbha Region and Kutch Area) Act, 1958 and consequently a protected lessee within the meaning of Section 3, Berar Regulation of Agricultural Leases Act. On the facts of !he case, the High Court held that such a question was not necessary to be referred to the Tahsildar for decision. Firstly it bas to. be pointed out that it was not open to the High Court to say whether the question was "necessary" to be referred to the Tahsildar or not. If it was his exclusive jurisdiction to decide it, it had to be referred. There was no discretion left in the Civil Court. Secondly, the correctness of the decision has become doubtful after _Kulkarni' s_ case. For the reasons stated above we do not think that we should upset the decision of the High Court. It merely requires some clarification in the operative portion on the lines indicated by us above . ..._,We acco,dingly dismiss the appeals but direct that actual delivery of **''if** - possession would be delivered· lo the appellants if the question has - - already been finaly decided in favour of the appellants by the Revenue ;_ Authorities. If not, they will be required to decide the question as quickly as possible. If their decision goes in favour of the appellants, no time should be lost in giving actual delivery of possession to them. If, per-chance, the decision of the Revenue- Authorities goes against them, then they will be entitled to get symbolical delivery of possession **i** only. In the circumstances, we make no order as to costs. KAILASAM, J.-I had the benefit of reading the judgment prepared by my learned Brother Untwalia. I agree with the conclusion **H** that if the question of tenancy had already been decided by the Revenue Tribunal, delivery of possession should be effected immediately without any further delay as no other question thereafter remains 804 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 s.c.R. **A** **B** c **D** **E** **F** G **H** to be tried by the Civil Court or the High Court. But considering the i~portance of tJ:e. question involved, namely the scope of the jurisdict10n of the Civil Courts and as my approach is not identical with that of Justice Untwalia I am writing a separate judgment. These two appeals are by Special Leave from a common judgment of the Karnataka High Court setting aside the orders of the courts below directing the TahsildiJT to handover actual possession of the suit properties to the appellants herein, as being without jurisdiction. . The. facts of the . case may ~ briefly set out The property in dISpute m this Court IS lands bearmg Survey No. R. S. 61/2 in ·the appellants in L.D. No. 117 of 1956 the first respondent was added, ·as a party. The first respond~nt entered ai;pearance as judgment .. ~' debtor No. 20. He did not dispute the claim of the appellants and - ~ a decree for possession in respect of the suit lands was passed in favour of the appellants by an order dated 29th May, 1?6L The trial court directed the Collector to partition the suit property and give posses sion to the decree-holders of their shares and on 28th :March, 1963 the Deputy Commissioner was directed to partition the properties and allot shares to the decree-holders according to · the decree. In accordance with the order directing delivery of the possession, the Deputy Commissioner directed the. Tahsildar to. comply wit~ 1;he directions of the Court. The Tahsildar gave notice to the parties mcluding the first respondent The Tahsildar declined to give actual p0'1session to the appellants but proposed only '.he delivery of symJ;>olic possession. The decree-holders then applied to the Executmg village of Yattanahalli. A suit for partition and possession on 1/7th share of the properties which were in posession of one Nawaz Khan _**--.ii'**_ (Respondent 4 herein) was filed by Khadar Ali Khan. (Respondent 2 hernm). Respondent 2 has since died and his legal representatives have been brought on record. In this suit the other sharers were impleaded as defendants, defendants 5 and 6 being the predecessor-in-interest of the appellants and the tenants on the properties being defendants 8 to 14. The 4th respondent who was tile 18th defendant who was in possession of the sui! properties resisted the suit and was supported by some other brothers. The suit for partition and possession was decreed by the Trial Court on 13th December, 1954. The preliminary decree declared that plaintiff and defendants **1** to 3 **and** 5 to 7 were entitled to I/7th share of the suit property and that they may obtain possession of their 1/7th share from the !st defendant after effecting partition by metes and bounds. The decree was con- l firmed in appeal by the Mysore High Court on 16th January, 1963 _(_ in Second Appeal No. 165 of 1959. l _(_ The appellants in this Court are the heirs of defendants 5 and **6** in this suit for partition. A final decree for partition was passed and lands in dispute were allotted to the shares of defendants 5 and 6. The appellants instituted proceedings for execution of the decree and for obtaining possession of the lands by filing L.D. No. 117 of 1956 in the court of District Munsiff. After the institution of the suit in lands in dispute were allotted to the shares of defendants 5 and 6. The appellants instituted proceedings for execution of the decree and for obtaining possession of the lands by filing L.D. No. 117 of 1956 in the court of District Munsiff. After the institution of the suit in the year 1945, the 4th respondent inducted into possession of the . ## suit lands the first respondent. In the execution petition filed by the f [-] SO\JDAGAR _v._ MACHENAHALLI _(Kai/asam,_ J.) 805 Court for direction to the Tahsildar for delivery of actual possession. After hearing the parties the Executing Court on 8th June, 1965 .directed the Tahsildar to deliver actual possession of the lands to the various sharers. Against the order of the Executing Court directing .delivery of possession, the 1st respondent preferred an appeal, being Civil Appeal No. 104 of 1965 which was dismissed on 31st July, 1965. In dismissing the appeal, court observed that the first respondent who was a party to the proceedings in execution had not preferred any appeal against the order dated 29th May, 1961 directing delivery of actual possession. The 1st respondent took up the matter on Second Appeal to the l:Iigh Court which was numbered as Second .,. Appeal No. 86 of 1965. A conditional order of stay .was passed "-~directing the 1st respondent to deposit a sum of Rs. 3,000/- by first I _I_ De,ember, 1965 and ordered that in the event of the first respondent failing to make the deposit the stay will stand vacated automatically. The respondent did not deposit the amount as directed by the High Court, but the High Court by its order dated 6th January, 1966 extended the time up to January, 31, 1966 for depositing the amount and again ordered that the order of stay will stand vacated on the failure to deposit as directed. The 1st respondent again failed to deposit the amount even by the extended date. As the first respondent did not comply with •he direction of the High Court, the trial court on 2nd March, 1966 directed the Tahsildar to hand over actual possession of the suit property to the appellants. Against this order of the trial court, the !st respondent did not prefer a.!ly appeal. On 13th July, 1965 the appellants prayed for an order for delivery of actual possession of the suit properties. The 1st respondent contested the application on the gronnd that he had made an application under the Mysore Land Reforms Act, 1961 before the Land Tribunal and bad obtained an order of stay. On 8th Augnst, 1967 the Executing Court rejected the objection of the 1st respondent and directed the Tahsi!dar to deliver actual posession to the appellants. The respondent preferred an appeal being Misc. Appeal No. 34 of 1967 in the court. of Gvil Judge, Hubli, which was dis missed on 31st August, 1967 as being not maintainable under the provisions of section 4 7 of Civil Procedure Code as the order merely implemented an earlier order dated 2nd March, 1966. The 1st respondent thereafter preferred Second Appeal No. 78 of 1966 before the High Court of Mysore. The two Second Appeals Nos. 86 of 1965 and 78 of 1967 were disposed of by a common judgment of 9th February, 1968. The High Court allowed both the appeals 1nd set aside the orders of the courts below. On 21st November, 1968 the appellants were granted Special Leave to Appeal and thus the two appeals have come before us. During the pendency of the two appe&ls before this COurt it is stated that the Land Tn1mnal dismissed R.C.· 37 /66 filed by the !st respondent seeking declaration that he is a tenant-in-holding and that he .is not a tenant. The• I st respondent does not dispute the fact but claims that even if it is so, the appeal will have to be remanded to the High Court. A B c D E F G H A B c D E F G H 806 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C.R· The question that arises for consideration in these appeal is whether the Civil Court has jurisdiction to direct the Tahsildar to hand over actual possession of the suit lands to the appellants. It is settled law that the exclusion of the jurisdiction of the Civil Court is not to be lightly inferred. Such exclusion must either be explicitly expressed or clearly implied. The law was laid down by the Privy Council in 67 Indian Appeals (page 222) and has been since affirmed by this Court in several decisions. In _Dhulabhai_ vs. _State_ _of_ _M.P.,_ (') this Court held that exclusion of jurisdiction of the Civil court is not to be readily inferred. This view was followed in the _State_ _of_ _West Bengal_ vs. _The Indian Iron_ & _Steel Co. Ltd._ (2) and affirmed in the _Union_ _of India_ vs. _Tara Chand Gupta_ & _Bros.,_ ( [8 ] ) The Privy Council in 67 I.A. 222 approving of the principles laid dowif.__'"' in the well-known judgment of Willes J. in _Wolverhampton_ _New_ _Water Works Co._ vs. _Hawkesford_ which was approved of in the House of Lords in _Neville_ vs. _London "Express' Newspaper_ stated the Jaw thus: (1). ~~[1968] 3 S.C~~ .R. 662. (2) [197111 S.C.R. 275. (3) [1971] 3 S.C.R. 557. "Where a liability not existing at common Jaw is created by a statute which at the same time gives a special and p(lrticular remedy for enforcing it with respect to that class it has always been held that the party must adopt the form of remedy given by the statute." In order to determine whether the jurisdiction of the Civil Court was expressly or by necessary implication excluded, the provisions of the relevant enactments will have to be considered. The respondent claims protection under three tenancy Acts which may be referred to as the Bombay Act, the Mysore Act and the Karnataka Act. If the first respondent is a tenant within the meaning of the Bombay Act, he would have the protection under the Mysore Act and subsequently upder the Karnataka Act against being evicted except in accordance with the provisions of the Karnataka Act. If the 1st respondent is "a tenant" he will be entitled to protection under the !<arn.ataka Act .by which the parties are governed. It is, therefore, sufficient 1f we exam!Ile the provisions of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 which will hereinafter referred to as the Karnataka Act. - --.-.._ Section 132 of the Act bars the jurisdiction of the civil courts : (1) [No ] [civil ] [court shall ] [have ] [jurisdiction to settle, ] [de-] cide or deal with any question which is by or under this Act required to be settled, decided or dealt with by the Deputy Commissioner, the Assistant Commissioner, the Tribunal, the Tahsildar, the Karnataka Revenue Appellate Tribunal or the State Government in exercise of thi;ir powers of control. A .. _J_ By,this section the·jurlsdiction of the civil court fo settle, decide, to deal with any question which is under the Act required to be B decided by the authorities set up by the Act is taken away. Chapter 9 deals with procedures and jurisdiction of ·courts and appeals. Section 112 enumerates the duties and functions of . the Tahsildar and the Tribunal. Section 112A-enumerates the duties of the Tahsildar while sec. 112B enumerates' the duties of Tribunal. Among the duties of Tribunal with .which we are concerned, is its duty to decide whether C a person is a tenant or not.· A tenant is defined under se~. 2(34) as meaning an agricultiirist who cultivaies personally the land he holds on lease from a. landlord. ThC~ottl also incfiides : (i) a person who is deemed to be a tenant uooer sectiori 4. (ii) a person who was ·protected from eviction from any D land by the Karnataka Tenants (Tamporl[ry ·protection from Eviction) Act, 1961. (iii) a persi>n who is a permanent tenant, and (iv) a person who is a protected tenant. Section 4 states that a person lawfully cultivating any land belong- · E ing to any person shall be deemed to be a tenant if such land is not cultivated ·personally by the owner. A permanent tenant, is defi~ed under section 2 clause (23) as meaning a tenant who cultivates la1ds personally. A protected tenant is defuil'd as meaning a tenant of any land if he has held it continuously and cultivated it personally for a period of not less than 12 years by the appointed date. It :ncludes also others specified in the definition. It is, therefore; Clearly the ciu!Y F of the Tribunal to determine whether a person who claims to oe a tenant is an agriculturist whether he ·cultivates persona1Tv!1ic lands, whether he holds the Janas from a landlord, whether lie is a deemed tenant under section 4, whether he is entitled to protection from evic. tion from any land under the Karnataka Tenants (Temporary Proteo: tion from Eviction) Act, 1961, whether he is a permanent tenant and whether he is a protected tenant. In. this connection it 1s necessary G to note the definition of. landlord in section 2(21) which means a person who has leased the land to a ten.ant and includes person e~titled to receive the rent from a tenant. 1t ts also the duty of the Tribunal to determine whether the tenant is holding the land on lease from a landlord which has been explained in _Asa Ram and Anr._ vs. _Mst .. Ram_ _Kali_ _&_ _Anr.,(I)_ ·by Venkatarama Aiyar J. as the person who is entitled to possession'; These questions are undoubtedly within the jurisdic- H tion of the tribunal and as such excluded from the furisdiction of the (11 [195~! S.C.R. 986 . SOUDAGAR _v._ MACHENAHALLI _(Kailasam,_ /.) 807 (2) No order of the Deputy Commissioner, the Assistant Cocmissioner, the Tribunal, the Tahsildar, the Karnataka Revenue Appellate Tribunal, or the State · Government made under this Act shall be questioned in any Civil or Criminal COurt . ',A B c n sos SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C-R. civil court. The Karnataka Land Reforms Act as well as the earlier enactements were made for the purpose of introducing agrarian reforms, conf~rment of ownership on tenants, ceiling on land holding and for certai!l other matters referred to in the Act. Any dispute arising under the pr~visions of the Act arid relating to disputes between landlord and tenant will be within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal constituted under this Act. 1 - Section 133 requires that suits involvirig issues to be decided under . the Act if instituted in any civil court should be stayed by the civil court and the issue referred to the Tribunal for decision. Section 133 runs as follows :--,·- --- 2 (a). If any suit instituted in any Civil Court involves any issues which are required to be settled, decided or dealt with by the Tribunal, or any suit is instituted in any such court for possesion of or in junction in respect of an agricultural land on the allegation that the defendant has trespassed or is trying to trespass on such land and the defendant denies the said allegation and claims that he is in possession on the strength of a tenancy existing from prior to 1st March, 1974, then the Civil Court shall stay the suit and refer such issues or the claim, as the case may be, to the Tribunal for · decision. (b) On receipt of such reference, (the Tribunal) shall deal with and decide such issues in accordance . with the E provisions of this Act and shall co=unicate its dedsion to the civil court which has made the reference." F G H ' Section 133 has been subsequently amended by Act 27 of 1976. Under section 133 the Civil court shall stay the suit and refer such issues to the Tribunal for decision. · Issues that are required to be settled, decided, or dealt with by the Tribunal and otlier claims which are enumerated in sub-section 2 should be stayed and the matter referred to the .Tribunal for decision. It may be noted that this sub-section is applicable to suits only. The sub-section does not indicate that the provisions are applicable to execution proceedings or in appeals before civil courts. Th_e jurisdiction of the civil court is - taken away only in respect of the decisions of the issues in suits that are required to be referred to the Tribunal. On receipt of a commnnication from the Tribunal, the civil court has to proceed with the trial of the suit and dispose it of according to law. Section 118 of the Act provides for appeals. By an amending Act 1 of 1974 against the decision under section 133 or order passed by the Court an appeal was provided to the District Court which has been subsequently nmitted by Act 23 of 1977, Sub-section 3 to section 118 provided for a reference to the High Court under certain circumstances. In the absence· of express provision, when an issue has been referred by the Civil Ceurt to the Tribunal and is received back and a decree passed in the suit, the provisions of the Civil Procedure regarding · appeals J SOUDAGAR _v._ MACHENAHALLI _(Kailasam,_ _!.)_ 809 and revisions will be applicable. In such circumstance the Appellate Court will have to consider the correctness or otherwise of the issue that has been decided by the Tribunal. Section 4(1) of the Mysore Act which is similar to section 133 (2) of the Karnataka Act provided for stay of execution in· suits, proceedings and execution of decrees or orders and other proceedings for the eviction of tenant. In applying section 133, therefore, the questions that have to be considered are, whether the sub-section is applicable to execution proceedings and in appeals before civil courts. In the present case the suit was filed in the year 1945 for partition and separate possession of a share of properties in possession of the 4th respondent. The tena_nts who were on the land were impleaded as defendants. The first respondent was inducted into. possession by the 4th respondent after the suit was filed. A preliminary decree followed by final decree was passed allotting the suit land to the present appellants. In execution proceedings the first respondent was impleaded as judgment debtor No. 20 and a decree for possession in respect of the suit lands was granted in favour of the appellants against the 1st respondent. By an order dated 29th May, 1961, the Civil Court directed the Collector to -partition the suit property and to give possession to the decree-holders of their shares and by an order dated 28th March, 1963, the Deputy Commissioner was directed to partition the properties and to allot shares to the decree-holders including the appelants. The 1st respondent did not challenge the order directing the delivery of possession that was passed against him on 29th May, 1961. The 1st respondent subsequently preferred an appeal, Civil Appeal No. 104 of 1965 against the subsequent order of the Executing Court dated 8th June, 1965 directing deliver of actual possession. The Appellate Court dismissed the appeal on the _ground that the respondent did not challenge the order passed against him by the Munsiff on 25th September, 1961. Admittedly, the respondent was a party to the execution proceeding. It might have been open to him at the execution stage to ask for a reference to the Tribunal of the issue whether he is a tenant or not. Second Appeal No. 86 of 1965 was against the order of the Civil Judje referred to above dismissing the appeal of the 1st respondent. In _the Second Appeal the question squarely arose as to whether the orders directing possession against the 1st respondent particularly the one dated 29th May, 1961, had become final. Subsequently when Second Appeal No. 86 of 1965"_ was pending, the 1st respondeni did not comply with the conditional stay order G of the High Court directing that on the failure of the first respondent to comply with the directions, the stay would stand vacated. The appellants approached the Trial Court and an order for delivery of actual possession was passed on 2nd March, 1966, and the fact inti mated to the High Ceurt. Against this order of 2nd March, 1966, of the Munsiff, no appeal was preferred by the 1st respon.deni. But when subsequently in July, 1966, the Executing Court directed the H deliverv 0f actual possession, the !st respondent contested the 1pplication on the ground that he was protected under the Mysore Land Reforms Act, 1961. The Executing Court rejecting this plea by its A B c D E F I ###### • .. A B c D E F G H 810 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C.R. -f' ord~r dated 8th August, 1967 _and delivery of possession was ordered aga1.nst the. 1st respondent. An appeal preferred by the 1st respondent agamst this order was also dismissed by the Civil Judge on 31st August, 1967 on the ground that it merely implemented the order -/. already passed on 2nd March, 1967, by the Trial Court. Second \ Appeal No. 78 of 1967 was by the 1st respondent against the Apoel l~te **order** **of** **the** **Civil** **Judg:.** **In** **this** **Second** **Appeal** **again** **the** **ques-** ;, tion arose whether the prev10us orders passed against the 1st respon- .. dent particularly the order of the District Judge dated March 1966 - "· directing delivery of possession, was final. As the respondent took the plea that he is protected under the Mysore Land Reforms Act, 1961, the question as to what extent the jurisdiction of the Civil • .._,.. • Court is barred ought to have been gone into by the High Court. It is unfortunate that the High Court considered it unnecessary to consider the various questions in the two Second Appeals in view· of the decision of this Court in _Bhimaji Shanker Kulkarni_ vs. _Dundappa_ _Vithappa Udapudi_ and _Anr.,(')_ The only other ground on which the appeals were dismissed was that under section 142 (I-A) of the Mysore Act corresponding to section 22 of the Kamataka Act, the 1st respondent was entitled to protection. The protection is available only when the land is held by a person as a tenant. In the case relied on _'Kulkarni's_ case', plaintiff instituted a snit in the Civil Court for possession of the suit properties on redemption of a mortgage and the taking of accounts on the allegation that defendant No. 1 was the usufructuary mortgagee under a mortgage deed. The defendants pleaded that the transaction in question was an advance lease and not a mortgage and that they were "protected" tenants within the meaning of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948. lt was contended on behalf of the plaintiff that the jurisdiction of the Civil Court depended on the allegations made in the plaint and tli.e plea in the written statement that the defendants were protected tenants did not oust the jurisdiction of the Civil Court. This Court held that the Mamlatdar has exclusive jurisdiction under the Act to entertain an application by a landlord for possession of agricultirraI land against a tenant and the Civil Court had no jurisdiction to entertain and try a suit by a landlord against the tenant for possession ·Jf agricultural land. The two relevant provisions of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948, on which the decision in the case turned are sections 70 (b) and 85 (1) of the Act. Section 70(b) provided that one of the functions to 'be performed by the Mamlatdar is to decide whether a person is a tenant or a protected tenant or a permanent tenant. Section 85 ( 1) provided that no Civil Court shall have jurisdiction to settle, decide or deal with any question which is by the Act required to be settled, decided or dealt with by the Mamlatdar. The ple_a taken on behalf of the plain.tiff was th~t. the jurisdiction of the Civil Court depended !'P?n . al!cgat10n made 1.n the plaint and that the Civil Cour.t has full 1unsd1ctJon to try a smt for recovery of possession of agncultnral land on redemp!Ion of a mortgage, and the plea in the written statement that defendants were -·-(1) [196E] I S.C.R. 145. #### • SOUDAGAR v. MACHENAHALLI _(Kailasam,_ J.) 811 protected tenants did not oust the jurisdiction of the Civil Court. It was pleaded that the Civil Court should have tried and decided the i.§§ue whether the defendants were mortgagees or protected tenants instead of referring the issue to Mamlatdar. This Court affirmed the decision of the Bombay High Court in _Dhondi Tukaram_ vs. _Hari_ _Dadu_ (') that the effect of sections 70(b) and 85 of the Act was that 1r a suit is filed against the defendant on the footing that he is a trespasser and he raises the plea that he is a tenant or a protected tenant, the Civil Court has no jurisdiction to deal with the plea. On the facts of the case the court came to the conclusion that the issue was one that was within the jurisdiction of the Mamlatdar to try and, therefore, Civil Court had no jurisdiction. In coming to the conclusio,_n the Court observed : "The Mamlatdar has exclusive jurisdiction to entertain an application by a landlord for possession of agricultural lands against a tenant, and the Civil Court has no jurisdiction to entertain and try a suit by a landlord against a tenant for possession of agricultural lands. The Mamlatdar has no jurisdiction to try a suit by a landowner for recovery of possession of agricultural lands from a trespasser or from a mortgagee on redemption of a mortgage, and the Civil Court has jurisdiction to entertain such a suit; but if the defendant to the suit pleaas lhat he is a tenant or a protected tenant or a permanent tenant and an issue arises whether he is such a tenant, the Court must refer the issue to the Mamlatdar for determination, and must stay the suit pending such determination, and after the Mamlatdar has decided the issue, the Court may dispose of the suit in the light of the decision of the Mamlatdar." The Court while observing that the Mamlatdar has no jurisdiction to try the suit by landlord for recovery of possession of agricultural lands from a trespasser or from a mortgagee on redemption of a mortgage the Civil Court has jurisdiction to entertain such a suit, this Court added that if the defendant to the suit pleaded that he is a tenant or **F** protected tenant or a permanent tenant and _an issue arises whether_ _he_ is _such a tenant, (emphasis supplied)_ the Civil Court must refer the issue to the Mamlatdar for determination. The decision is not to be understood as laying down that whenever the defendant raised the plea that he is a tenant the matter should be referred to the Tribunal. It is necessary that an issue as to whether he is such ~ tenant or not ~hould arise. If the case of the plaintiff is as in the present case that he **G** 1s the owner of the land and that he is entitled to a partition and separate possession of a particular share and that on the admitted facts the defendant was let to possession by the sharer in possession after the filing of the suit, the plea of the plaintiff that no issue as to whether the defendant is a tenant at all arises has to be considered. If in law the sharer in possession could not enter into any transaction obviously affecting the rights of the parties, the defendant cannot claim any right **H** and, therefore, will not be a tenant. The question that falls to be con !. R. (1953) Born. 969. **A** **B** c **D** E .....___. # I A **B** c **D** E F G **H** 812 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C·R, sidered in such circumstances is whether an issue that the defendant is a tenant arises at all. In _Bhatia Co-operative Housing Society_ v. _D._ _C._ _Patel,_ (1) 1t was held by this Court that a Civil Court has inherent power to decide the question of its own jurisdiction although as a resu)t of an inquiry it, may turn out that it has uo jurisdiction over the smt. The observation of this Court in _Bhimaji Shanker Kulkarni_ v. _Dundappa Vithappa Udapudi and Anr._ (supra) that when the defendant to the suit pleads that he is tenant and an issue arises whether he is such a tenant the court must refer the issue to the Mamlatdar for determination should be read in the light of the other deci;ions .Jf this · Court. In _Raizada Topandas and Anr._ v. _MI s._ _Gorakhram Gokal-_ _chand(')_ in dealing with the scope of section 28 of the Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 194 7 which gave exclusive jurisdiction to the Court of Small Causes to entertain and try a suit or proceeding between a landlord and a tenant relating to recov~ry of rent or possession of any premises, the Court repelled the contention that a plea of the defendant wilJ determine or change the forum. The Court proceeded to observe at page 224 : "It does not invest those courts with exclusive power to try questions of title such as questions as between the rightful owner and a trespasser or a licensee, for such questions do not arise under the Act If, therefore, the plaintiff in his plaint does not admit a relation which would attract any of the provisions on which the exclusive jurisdiction given under s. 28 depends, we do not think that the defendant by his plea can force the plaintiff to go to a forum where on his averments he cannot go. The interpretation canvassed for by the appellants wilJ give rise to anomalous results; for example, the defendant may in every case force the plaintiff to go to the Court of Small Causes and secondly, if the Court of Small Causes finds against the defendant's plea, the plaint may have to he returned for presentation to the proper court for a **second time."** The same view was affirmed by this Court in _Vasudev Gopalkrishna_ _Tamwaker_ v. _The Board of Liquidators, Happy Home Co-operative_ _Housing Society._ ( [3] ) The Court held at page 978 : "The exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Small Causes arises only if the person invoking the jurisdiction of the Conrt alleged that the other party is a tenant or a landlord and the question is one which is referred to in section 28. Where the person so invoking does not set up the claim that the other party is a tenant or a landlord the defendant is not entitled to displace the jurisdiction of the ordinary court by an allegation that he stands in that relation _qua_ the other and on that ground the Court has no jurisdiction to try the suit or oroceeding or an application." (l) [1953] S.C.R. 185. (2) [1964) 2 S.C.R. 214. (3) [1964) (3) S.C.R. 964. ··~ _I'_ ' ' "'i: l ' .. _'r_ **_.f.** ' SOUDAGAR _v._ MACHENAHALLI _(Kailasam,_ _l.)_ 813 The position, therefore, is even though the defendant may plead that he is a tenant, the Court must be satisfied that an issue whether thi~ defendant is a tenant or not arises before it could be referred for determination by the Tribunal and the question of jurisdiction will not be decided mainly on the plea of the defendants. The question relating to exclusion of the jurisdiction of the Civil Court and Bombay Tenancy and Kamataka **Land** Reforms Act cair. to be considered in later decisions of this Court. In _Mussamiya_ _Imam_ _Haider Baz Razvi_ v. _Rabari Govirulhal Ratnabhai_ _&_ _Ors.(')_ a qnestion arose whether a Civil Court has jurisdiction to decide whether the tenant became a statutory owner on the "tillers' day" and whether the tenancy subsisted on the relevant dates. The appellant succeeded to the estate consisting of the suit lands when he was a minor. The State Government assumed management of the estate under the Bombay Court of Wards Act, 1905 and appointed the Collector as the manager of the estate. The Collector passed an order granting the request of respondent that the suit lands were required for the purpose for carrying on agriculture, by a Co-operative Society and executed a kabuliyat aJ)d lease was thereby created on 24th August, 1956. The prior lease expired on 31st May, 1957 and the Court of Wards withdrew its superintendence on llth May, 1958. Under section 32 of the Act every tenant shall be deemed to have become a statutory owner of the lands on !st April, 1957 known as the "tillers' day". By an amendment of the Act which came into force on !st August, 1956, lands taken under management of Court of Wards were excluded from the implication of the Act and, therefore, the Act was not applicable to the suit lands between !st August, 1956 and 11th May, 1958, when the Court of Wards withdrew its superintendence. The appellants filed a suit on July 11, 1958 for recovery of possession of the suit lands and mesne profits on the ground that the lease was fraudulently obtained by the respondents. The respondents contended that they became statutory owners under the Act and the Civil Court had no jurisdiction to try the suit. This Court held that on the evidence adduced the High Court was right in its view that the lease in favour of the respondents was not vitiated by fraud. As the Act was not applicable during the period 1st August, 1956 to 11th May, 1958 the respondents could not have become statutory owners on the "tillers' day", that as the tenancy expired on 31st May, 1957 and as there was no subsisting lease on May II, 1958 on which the Court of Wards withdrew its superintendence. the respondents were not tenants. On a construction of section 70 (b), this Court expressed its view that the duty of the Mamlatdar was to decide whether a _person_ _is_ _a tenant_ and not to decide whether a person was or was not a tenant in the past. Referring to the written statement, this Court observed that only plea set uo on behalf of the respondents was the plea of tenancy on 28th July, 1956, which was the basis of the statutory ownership. There was **no** **plea** of any intervening act or transaction between 11th May, 1958 and 11th July, 1958, the date of the suit under which a fresh tenancy was created and which was subsisting on the date of the suit and thus there was no issue which survived for the decision of the Mamlatdar (ll [1969] I S.C.R. 785. A **B** c **D** E **F** H 814 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C.R. A under section 85 (a) of the Act and, therefore, the suit ought to have -+o been decreed by the Civil Court and not referred to the Mamlatdar. B c D E F G H It may be noted that this Court affirmed the view of the High Court that the lease in favour of the defendant was not vitiated by fraud thereby holding that the Civil Court had jurisdiction to decide whether a lease was vitiated by fraud. This Court again confirmed the view of the High Court that the defendant had failed to establish that they had become statutory owners of the bnd. Having found that the Civil Courts have jurisdiction to decide whether the issue is vitiated by fraud or not and whether the defendant had failed to estabiish that they had become statutory owners, this Court proceeded to consider the extent of the jurisdiction of the Civil Court. It was contended on behalf of the defendants that the determination of the question whether the lease subsisted after lst August, 1956 and it .subsisted also on May 11, 1958, was not within the scope of the jurisdiction of the High Court. This Court in rejecting the contention observed that section 70(b) of the Act imposes duty on the Mamlatdar to decide whether a person _is_ _a tenant_ but not whether a person was or _was_ _not a tenant_ _in_ _the past._ To the extent this Court held that the section does not empower the Mamlatdar to decide the question whether a person was not a tenant in the past, is no longer applicable as the section had been amended so as to include within the duties of the Mamlatdar to decide whether a person is or was in any time in the past, a tenant or a protected tenant pr a permanent tenant. But the ratio of the decision in the case is that the main plea in the snit was of statutory ownership and the plea relating to the tenancy of the two past dates was only subsidiary and the jurisdiction of the Civil Court cannot be held to have been barred by virtue of provisions of section 70 of the Act read with section 85 of the Act. Thus it may be seen when the question for determination was whether the defendant was statutory tenant or not, the issue is not within the scope of the duties of the Mamlatdar, the subsidiary issue as to whether the defendant was a tenant on particular dates, could also be decided by the Civil Court. The law on this question was stated by this Court after referriug to the decision in _Secretary of State_ v. _Mask_ & _Co.,('_ _[1]_ _)_ as follows : "In the written statement, the only plea set up on behalf of the respondent!; was the plea of tenancy on Jnly 28, 1956 which was the basis of statutory ownership. The High Court found that the tenancy was created on Augnst 24, 1956 and that the tenancy did not subsist on May 11, 1958 when there was a cessation of the management by the Court of Wards. There was no plea of any intervening act or transaction between May 11, 1958 and July 11, 1958, the date of suit, under which a fresh tenancy was created and which was subsisting on the date of the suit. There was thus no issue which survived for the decision of the Mamlatdar under section 85A of the Act. Therefore, the High Court should have decreed the suit and was in error in referring the issue whether the respondents were tenants of the land on the date of suit to the Mamlatdar. (1) 671.A. 222. SOUDAGAR _v._ MACHENAHALLI _(Kailasam,_ _J.)_ 815 "In our opinion there is nothing in the language or context of sec. 70 or sec. 85 of the Act to suggest that juri3diction of the Civil Court is expiJ:ssly or by necessary implication barred with regard to question whether the defendants had become statutory owners of the land and in that connection whether the defendants have been in the past tenants in relation to the land on particular past dates. The Court further proceeded to observe that the jurisdiction of the Court is not barred in considering the question whether the provisions of the Act are appl:cable _or_ not applicable to the disputed land during the particular period. ~ ~ The question of the exclusion of the jurisdiction of the Civil Court /,_-,under the Karnataka 'Land Reforms Act, 1961 came to be considered by this Co"rt in _Corporation of City of Bangalore_ v. _I._ _T._ _Kampanna.(')_ The respondent took the disputed land on lease for 5 years from the Corporation and continued to hold it unauthorisedly after the lease period. He filed a suit for permanent injunction against interference with his possession. The suit was dismissed and an appeal was also rejected. Then the Corporation instituted the suit for possession, the suit was decreed and respondent was directed to deliver possession. On appeal the High Court remanded the case and on revision the **respon-** den~ applied for an amendment of his written statement claiming pro tection of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961, and for stay of the suit by the Civil Court and for a reference to the Tribunal for deciding the question whether he was a tenant or not. The application A **B** **c** **D** was dismissed, but on revision the High Court reversed the decision. On the question whether section 107 of the Kamataka Land Reforms Act was applicable to the disputed land, this Court held that the section made it clear that the only provision which applies to lands belonging to the Corporation is section 8 and there is no dispute that the suit was determined by efflux of time and the question whether tenant or deemed to be a tenant does not arise because the tenancy came to an end and therefore section 8 is not applicable and no question remained to be referred for determination by the Tribunal under section 133. In this case the Corporation instituted a suit claimin~ possession from . the respondent contending that the respondent was a trespasser and claiming damage for unauthorised properties. The defence of the espondent was that he was a tenant and entitled ~o protection under the Mysore Tenancy Act. After remand by the High Court when the matter was being heard by the trial court, the respondent applied for ,, amendment of written statement claiming protection under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961, and prayed that the suit should be stayed by the Civil Court and the matter referred to the Tribunal for decision as the Tribunal was empowered to decide whether a person is a tenant or not On behalf of the respondent . .it was contended that the respondent is a tenant within the meaning of the word "tenant" as defined in section 2(34) of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act. 1961. This Court held that as section 107 of the Act exempted the 3pplication of the provisions of the Act except section 8 to corporation. the question whether the respondent is a tenant or deemed to be a tenant E **F** G **H** _!l)_ [1977] l S.C.R. 269 A B c D E F G H 816 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1978] 3 S.C.Jl. does not at all arise because the tenancy has come to an end. Though the plea of the defendant was that he was a tenant, this Court went into the provisions of the Act and found that in the case of Corporation only section 8 is applicable and other provisions were not applicable and as the lease belonged to the local authority the respondent cannot claim any protection. Repelling the contention on behalf of the respondent that section 133 of the Karnataka Larid Reforms Act excluded the jurisdiction of the Civil Court in suits for possession whern the defendant claimed to be a tenant as utterly unsnuod this Court held that section 133 cannot apply to lands which were held by ~ a person on lease from the local authority or where the lease had . expired and the local authority sues for possession, a mere 'tatement of the defendant that he is a tenant would not tak0 away th<: jurisdic- ~. tion of the Civil Court. The plea that the Act" is not applicable by~ the plaintiff has to be decided by the Civil Court. In doing so the Civil Court can take into account the fact that the lease had expired or that the provisions of the Act are not applicabfo to the landlord concerned. Equally as in the case reported in 1969 (1) S.C.R. 785 (supra), the Civil Court can go into the question where th.e defendant had established that he is a statutory owner and in doing so, can determine whether the defendant was a tenant on the relevant dates. On a consideration of the cases referred to above, it is clear that it was incumbent on the High Court to decide the several questions that arise for consideration. The plea of the appellants that the decisions of the Civil Courts directing the 1st respondent to deliver the possession to the appellant have. become final and was no more available to him to be raised under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act also falls for decision. Equally, the plea that the questions that arise in the appeals are not within the competence of the Tribunal, aL<o ought to have been gone into. Before referring the issue to the Tribunal the High Court ought to have come to a conclusion that on the facts of the case the issue as to whether the 1st respondent is a tenant has arisen and has to be decided by the Tribunal. The High Court ought to have also considered whether any restriction on the jurisdiction of the Civil Courts placed under the Act, is applicable to the High Court also. The jurisdiction of 1he Civil _J_ Courts is not entirely barred as the Act only provides for reference o~f · certain issues for decision before the Revenue Tribunal and after . receipt of the finding on sue~ !ssues to record_ a judgment. . Jn sue ., finding. The appeal to the Civll Courts accordmg to the C!Vll Proce- dure Code and the jurisdiction of the High Court in hearing appe&ls and revisions under certain circumstances have not been excluded. Having expressed my view on the jurisdiction of the Civil Courts in general as the question has been pending before the Revenue tribunal when the matter was decided by the High Court and as it is represented on behalf of the appellants that the Revenue Tribunal has found that the 1st resj)Ondent is not a tenant, I agree with the order made by my learned Brother Untwalia J. S.R. _Appeals dismissed._ 315 SCT/78-GTPF.