National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Sandeep P.R. and Ramachandran K.V. (MACA Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016)

**IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM** **PRESENT:** **THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE C.T.RAVIKUMAR &** **THE HONOURABLE MRS. JUSTICE MARY JOSEPH** **MONDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF DECEMBER 2017 / 27TH AGRAHAYANA, 1939** **MACA.No. 651 of 2016** **AGAINST THE AWARD IN OPMV 489/2007 of MACT VADAKARA** ## **APPELLANT(S)/2ND RESPONDENT :** **THE NATIONAL INSURANCE CO. LTD. NARANGAPURAM, REPRESENTED BY ITS DEPUTY MANAGER, REGIONAL OFFICE, 2ND FLOOR, OMANA BUILDING, M.G.ROAD, KOCHI-35.** **BY ADVS.SMT.K.S.SANTHI SMT.LATHA SUSAN CHERIAN** ## **RESPONDENT(S)/CLAIMANT :** **1. SANDEEP P.R., S/O.RAMACHANDRAN, STUDENT, 'KAVITHA' HOUSE, MELUR AMSOM DESOM OF KOYILANDY TALUK, PO MELUR, 673 319.** **2. RAMACHANDRAN.K.V., KAVITHA HOUSE, MELUR AMSOM DESOM OF KOYILANDY TALUK P.O.MELUR, 673 319.** ## **R1& R2 BY ADV. SRI.KAYALATT KUTTYKRISHNAN** **THIS MOTOR ACCIDENT CLAIMS APPEAL HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 18-12-2017, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:** **SKK/210218** ## **C.T.RAVIKUMAR & MARY JOSEPH, JJ.** ---------------------------------------------------- M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 ---------------------------------------------------Dated this the 18[th] day of December,2017. ## **JUDGMENT** ## **Mary Joseph,J:** The insurer of a motor cycle bearing Reg.No.KL-11/P 5636, which was found liable by the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal (for short 'the Tribunal') to indemnify the insured, for the compensation payable by him to the victim of a motor accident that occurred with the involvement of the said vehicle at 8.30 p.m. on 31.12.2004, is the appellant herein. 2. The pillion rider, who was travelling in the motor cycle and a pedestrian, who was walking through the road had sustained injuries in the motor accident and each of them had moved claim petitions respectively as O.P.(MV) Nos.489 & 562 of 2007 before the Tribunal seeking compensation of `3,00,000/- each. 3. The plea of the petitioner in O.P(MV) No.489/2007 was ## M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:2:- that he was travelling as pillion rider in the aforesaid motor cycle and that of the petitioner in O.P(MV) No.562/2007, was that he was crossing the road at the relevant time of the accident. The common plea of both petitioners was that the accident was resulted from the rash and negligent riding by the first respondent, who was the owner-cum-rider of the motor cycle at the relevant time. 4. The first respondent, who was the owner-cum-rider of the motor cycle, though entered appearance in O.P(MV) No.489/2007, did not file written statement. He did not even enter appearance in O.P(MV) No.562/2007 and therefore, declared ex parte. 5. The second respondent, insurer filed separate written statements in each of the claim petitions admitting insurance coverage for the motor cycle with them at the relevant time of the accident. It was specifically contended that additional premium was not collected from the first respondent to cover the risk of a pillion rider (victim in O.P(MV) No.489/2007) and thus sought to M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:3:- exempt him from liability to indemnify the insured in respect of the compensation payable to him. 6. The claim petitions were tried jointly. In O.P(MV) No.489/2007, Exts.A1 to A6 were marked on the side of the petitioner and Exts.X1,X2 and B1 marked respectively as court exhibits and respondent's documents. In O.P(MV).No.562/2007, Exts.A7 to A13 were marked on the side of the petitioner and Exts.B2 to B4 on the side of the respondents. Exts.C1 and X3 and X4 were also marked as court exhibits. Second respondent was examined as RW1. 7. Based on the evidence on record and the rival arguments advanced, a common award was passed on 22.5.2010 and the second respondent- insurer was directed to pay the compensation to the petitioner. 8. Against the said award, the second respondent had filed MACA No.2263/2010 and 2264/2010 before this Court. The main ## M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:4:- contention, which formed the basis for the said challenge was the falsity involved in the case as projected by the petitioners in the claim petitions. In support of the contention, the insurer had sought to place reliance on the wound certificates of the petitioners marked in evidence before the Tribunal as Exts.A2 and A7, wherein the cause of injuries was reported as 'fall from motor cycle'. The second respondent had also drawn attention of the court to the non-reporting of the accident to the Police in support of its contention. According to him, the FIR in the case was registered only on 11.2.2005, on the basis of a private complaint moved by the brother of the pedestrian, who is one among the injured, before the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court, Koyilandi and following that, a scene mahazar was prepared on 12.2.2005. A final report was laid in the court with the father of the pillion rider as accused. It was taken on file by the Judicial First Class Magistrate, Koyilandy as C.C.No.364/2005 and tried. The M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:5:- petitioners in the respective claim petitions were examined before the Magistrate Court as PW2 and PW3 and both of them deposed to the effect that the accident was occurred, not due to the negligence of the rider of the motor cycle. One of them even went to the extent of denying the identity of the accused as the rider of the motor cycle at the relevant time. Based on the evidence so let in by them, the Magistrate acquitted the father of the pillion rider, who was alleged as the accused in the case. Accordingly, a contention was taken to the effect that the accident was not actually occurred in the manner as alleged by the petitioners in the claim petitions. According to them, the award directing them to indemnify the insured is patently unsustainable and calls for interference. 9. The certified copy of the judgment in C.C.No.364/2005 along with I.A.No.2707/2013 to receive the same in evidence was also filed before this Court. This Court, while considering the M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:6:- same, had found it necessary to grant opportunity to the claimants to controvert the document sought to be marked prior to its marking and accepting in evidence. Accordingly, the award under challenge was set aside and the matter was remanded for consideration afresh after affording opportunity to both parties to adduce fresh evidence, both documentary as well as oral. 10. After the remand, on the side of the petitioner, the copy of the chargesheet was marked as Ext.A13 and the petitioner in O.P(MV) No.562/2007, who was examined as PW1 prior to remand, was recalled and further examined. During crossexamination, Exts.B2 and B2(a) were also marked. The respondent-insurer also got marked Exts.B3 and B4 through RW1 as evidence in addition. 11. Based on Ext.A1, the FIR in Crime No.94/2005 of Koyilandy Police Station, registered with reference to the motor accident, which was originally marked in evidence and Ext.A13, ## M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:7:- the final report, produced and marked in evidence subsequent to the remand, the Tribunal found the first respondent, the rider of the motor cycle to have driven the vehicle in a rash and negligent manner and caused the accident, which resulted in injuries to both claimants. The second respondent had not adduced any evidence to prove otherwise. In the said circumstances, the Tribunal held that Exts.A1 and A13 can be relied on to conclude that the first respondent, rider was responsible for the accident due to his rash and negligent riding. 12. It is contended by Sri.George Cherian, the learned counsel that this Court had set aside the common award and remanded the case for consideration afresh, when it was pointed out by the insurer that a criminal court has passed a judgment whereby the rider herein, who was the accused therein, was acquitted. PW1 was recalled after remand and during crossexamination, Exts.B2 ,B2(a),B3 and B4 were got marked through M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:8:- him by the second respondent. Ext.B2 is the copy of the deposition of the petitioner in O.P(MV) No.562/2007, who being a victim of the incident, was a witness before the criminal court, and Ext.B2(a) is the relevant contradiction got marked through him wherein the specific case of him was his non-acquaintance with the person, who had ridden the motor cycle at the relevant time. Ext.B4 is the copy of the deposition of the petitioner in OP(MV) No.489/2007, who is also a victim of the accident, in the criminal case. His version was also in clear corroborative terms with that of the petitioner in O.P(MV) No.562/2007. Ext.B3 is the judgment of the criminal court, whereby he was granted the benefit of doubt on account of the failure of the petitioners, who were witnesses of the prosecution, to identify him as the rider of the motor cycle at the relevant time. It was on the strength of this package of evidence that the insurer had pleaded before the Tribunal to exonerate the owner-cum-rider from the responsibility for the accident and M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:9:- consequent liability to compensate the petitioners. 13. The Tribunal was addressed elaborately by the counsel then appearing for the insurer. The Tribunal considered the relevancy of those documentary evidence in the claim petitions seeking compensation and found it in the negative. The Tribunal cannot be found fault with, in finding so. Only the independent evidence adduced in the proceedings is relevant for deciding the issue before it. The standard of proof required to establish the issue of negligence in a criminal court and a Tribunal is different. In v. **Rajan Raghavan** [2010(86) AIC 349 (Ker.)], this Court had held the driver of the offending vehicle, which caused the accident, as not negligent for want of any materials in evidence available before the court to establish the same. In that case, the judgment of the criminal court in the criminal case registered on the basis of the accident was produced by the claimant wherein he was found guilty by the said court and urged to find the driver negligent, on M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:10:- it's strength. The court observed in its venture to decide the question of negligence that the judgment of a criminal court is not binding on the Tribunal and accordingly, exonerated the driver of the vehicle from liability for the accident and to compensate the petitioner. 14. This Court in **Kishan Singh** v. **Gurpal Singh** [(2010)4 KLT SN 2(C.No.3) SC] held in the following lines:- _"19. Thus, in view of the above, the law on the issue stands crystallized to the effect that the findings of fact recorded by the Civil Court do not have any bearing so far as the criminal case is concerned and viceversa. Standard of proof is different in civil and criminal cases. In civil cases, it is preponderance of probabilities while in criminal cases it is proof beyond reasonable doubt. There is neither any statutory nor any legal principle that findings recorded by the court either in civil or criminal proceedings shall be binding between the same parties while dealing with the same subject matter and both the cases have to be decided on the basis of the evidence adduced therein. However, there may be cases where the provisions of Sections 41 to 43 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, dealing with the relevance of previous judgments in subsequent cases may be taken into consideration."_ M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:11:- 15. The crux of these decisions was that, the judgment rendered by a criminal court, whereby, the rider was found guilty for rash and negligent driving, cannot form basis for finding negligence on the part of the driver of the vehicle, in a claim petition seeking compensation, under consideration by the Tribunal. In the case on hand, the contention of the insurer that based on Exts.B2 ,B2(a),B3 and B4 , the Tribunal ought not to have found the rider of the motor cycle rash and negligent in riding the same and causing the accident, is totally untenable in view of the dictums of this Court as well as, that of the Apex Court respectively in the cases cited supra. The Tribunal has to decide the issue of negligence of the rider of the offending vehicle independently and its decision must be purely confined to the evidence adduced before it by the claimants in that regard. Ext.A1 is the F.I.R. and Ext.A13 is the final report produced in the case on hand at the instance of the claimants, to establish the negligence of M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 **==> picture [27 x 9] intentionally omitted <==** the rider of the motor cycle, which caused the accident. Those being material pieces of evidence in the matter of fixation of negligence and liability for the accident, the court cannot conveniently ignore those on the reason that a criminal court in a proceedings before it has found the rider of the motor cycle, who was chargesheeted by the Police as an accused and charged by the court for the offence of rash and negligent riding, as not guilty for the said offences on the reason that negligence is not proved. The Tribunal has to arrive at negligence not on the basis of extraneous matters, but based on the evidence adduced by the petitioner before it. In the case on hand, Exts.A1 and A13 were there in evidence before the Tribunal as let in by the petitioner and it has correctly found on its basis that the rider of the motor cycle was rash and negligent in riding the same and causing the accident. There is absolutely no reason to find fault with the Tribunal in finding so. Interference with the award under challenge is strictly uncalled for. M.A.C.A.Nos. 651 & 652 of 2016 -:13:- In the result, the M.A.C.As. fail and accordingly are dismissed. Sd/- **C.T.RAVIKUMAR, JUDGE** Sd/- **MARY JOSEPH, JUDGE** //TRUE COPY// P.A. TO JUDGE SKK