NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHEDPUR AND ORS. v. CHANDRASHEKHARCHAUDHARY

# A NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHEDPUR AND ORS. v. CHANDRASHEKHARCHAUDHARY ## NOVEMBER 13, 2006 ## B ## [ARIJITPASAYAT ANDLOKESHWARSINGHPANTA,JJ.] ## _Service Law:_ _Relieving from duty-for purusing Quality Improvement Programme-_ C _Associate Professor--Permission denied by Institute-On the ground that if he were relieved, the staff strength would be reduced by the specified percentage as per the norms of the Institute-Writ Petition challenging the denial-Single Judge as well as Division Bench held the denial not fair as the norms were not followed in several cases-Teacher had also abandoned_ D _the programme after some time-Also did not attend the same despite permission from the Institute-On appeal, held: Merely beacuse in some cases norms are not followed, cannot be a ground to permit continuation of such departure._ > _Constitution of India, 1950-Article 14-Claim for parity/equality-_ £ _Held: A wrong order cannot be the foundation for claiming equality for enforcement of the same order._ Respondent was an Associate Professor in appellant-Institute. Respondent applied for Quality Improvement Programme through the Institute. He was selected for admission in llT, Madras. When he applied for being F relieved, to make the pre-registration visit, he was denied the permission. He filed Writ Petition alleging that the permission was illegally and arbitrarily denied to him. Case of the Institute was that according to the norms, such permission could not be granted, if the staff strength in that department would go below 70%. ## G Single Judge allowed the Writ Petition holding that since the norm was not followed in several cases, it would not be fair to deny, such an opportunity to the respondent. In Letters Patent Appeal, Division Bench of High Court upheld the decision of Single Judge. Hence the present appeal. 1102 H .. ~· 1103 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. JAMSHEDPUR _v._ CHANDRA SHEKHAR CHAIJDHARY A • ## Allowing the appeal, the Court HELD: 1. The wrong order cannot be the foundation for claiming equality for enforcement of the same order. Respondent's right must be founded upon enforceable right to entitle him to the equal treatment for enforcement thereof . A wrong decision by the Government does not give a right to enforce the wrong order and claim parity or equality. Two wrongs can never make a right. B (1106-E-F) _State of Haryana and Ors._ v. _Ram Kumar Mann,_ (19971 3 SCC 321, relied on. _State of Bihar and Ors._ v. _Kameshwar Prasad Singh and Anr.,_ 12000) 9 sec 94; _Vikrama Shama Shetty_ v. _State of Maharashtra and Ors.,_ [2006) 6 c sec 70; _South Eastern Coalfields Ltd_ v. _Prem Kumar Sharma and Ors.,_ (2006) 7 SCALE 240; _Ekta Shakti Foundation_ v. _Government of NCT of Delhi,_ JT (2006) 6 SC 500 and _South Eastern Coalfield Ltd_ v. _Prem Kumar Sharma and Ors.,_ AIR (2006) SC 2727, referred to. 2. Merely because in some cases the norms may not have been followed[D ] that cannot be a ground to hold that departure from norms should be continued. There are serious allegations about respondent having manipulated and fabricated documents to substantive his stand. There is no official communication from HT Madras to support the respondent's stand that he was asked by the authorities of the appellant-institute not to attend the E programme. There should have been some material to support the stand. On the other hand admittedly after April, 2005 the respondent had abandoned the programme. It is also on record that the appellant notwithstanding these facts had asked the respondent to report back to IIT, Madras to conlinue studies in terms of High Court's direction. But that does not seem to have been done by the respondent. [1106-G-H; 1107-A-B) F ## CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 4911 of2006. ' From the final Judgment and Order dated 13-5-2004 of the High Court of Jharkhand at Ranchi in Letters Patent Appeal No.14 7 /2004. G ## Punit Dutt Tyagi for the Appellant. Mahabir Singh, Binay K. Das, Rakesh Dahiya and Anil Kumar Jha for the Respondent. H '"-.~ ... 1104 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. 8 S.C.R. A The Judgment of the court was delivered by ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. Leave granted. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment rendered· by a Division Ben.ch of the Jharkhand High Court dismissing the Letters Patent Appeal filed B[by the appellant against the judgment ][of ][the learned Single Judge ][in ][a writ ] petition. The respondent filed a writ petition for a direction to the appellant to relieve him so that he would be in a position to pursue his Ph.D course in Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (in short 'UT'). _(_ The background facts in a nutshell are as follows: c The writ petitioner (respondent herein) is an Associate Professor in Metallurgical Engineering Department of the National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, the appellant herein. According to the writ petition, the writ petitioner submitted an application for admission in Quality Improvement Programme (QIP) sponsored by AICTE through Regional Institute of D Technology, Jamshedpur. He was selected for admission in IIT, Madras and was asked to appear at that institution for completing pre-registration formalities. According to the writ petition, though he made an· application to the appellant for relieving him to make the pre-registration visit, he had been illegally and arbitrarily denied the permission by the appellant. According to E[the writ petitioner, the action ][of ][the appellant was unreasonable and was also ] discriminatory. The appellant resisted the writ petition by pointing out that according to the norms, if on relieving a teacher to attend such a programme, the staff strength in that department would go below 70 per cent of the fixed capacity, the permission was to be denied and ifthe writ petitioner was to be relieved as sought for by him, the strength in that department would be F reduced to 61.9% of the sanctioned strength and it was in that situation that he was not accorded permission to get himself registered for the course. It was also submitted that even originally, while forwarding hi<; application, the writ petitioner had been informed that he would be rble to pursue his course only if he could be relieved from the Institute and only if on his being G[relieved, the staff strength would not be reduced below 70%. The plea ][of ] discrimination was denied and it was submitted that the writ petitioner was deliberately attempting to malign the department by raising the bogey of his being a member ef a Scheduled Caste and was trying even to black.mail the authorities by threatening that he would commit suicide if he was not relieved. The writ petition deserves to be dismissed. F \ H _I_ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. JAMSHEDPUR _v._ CHANDRA SHEKHAR CHAUDHARY IPASAYAT. J.j 1105 Though the learned Single Judge found that there was a norm providing A for refusal of permission to a teacher to go in for such a course if the staff strength would be reduced below 70% yet it was observed that there was no consistency L1 that regard and the norms were not followed in several cases. Therefore, it would not be fair to deny such an opportunity. The appellant preferred Letters Patent Appeal before the High Court. B It was pointed out that pursuant to an administrative decision dated 9.11.2003 by the Ministry of Human Resources Development (in short the 'HRD') the Board of Governors had adopted the Leave Rules and Conduct Rules of the National Institute of Technology for implementation in the institute. Such decision was taken on the day the matter was heard by a C learned Single Judge and the orders were reserved. By the time the learned Single Judge pronounced its judgment IIT, Delhi Rules had already become operative and, therefore, no member of the teaching staff could be relieved for such a course, if the available strength of the staff gets reduced below 85%. To state differently, only quota of 15% could be permitted for such a D c~mrse. The Division Bench held that though on principles it would have agreed with the appellant's stand that when the norms prescribed that the strength should not be reduced below 70% by relieving a teacher for a programme such a teacher should not be relieved, yet it was held because the norm was not universally implemented. The learned Single Judge was justified in his view. Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that merely because there may have been any lapse in the past, that could not have been taken as a ground by the High Court to grant relief to the respondent. It was further pointed out that the respondent did not continue his programme as Ph.D. degree at UT, Madras after April, 2005. But as is evident from the letter of IIT Madras, respondent had secured low grades in the three subjects he had appeared and he had not attended the rest of the course. It was pointed out that the respondent has manipulated and fabricated documents to show that he was being prevented by the functionaries of the appellant from carrying on the study course. Respondent is also guilty, according to him, of making false and biased allegations against the functionaries of the appellant. Learned counsel for the respondent on the other hand submitted that . there is no reason as to why a different yardstick was _sought to be applied_ for the respondent. He was the victim of machination. The respondent has SUPREME COURT REPORTS {2006] SUPP. 8 S.C.R. / ## 1106 - A clearly established as to how and why it was not possible for him to attend the course after April, 2005. It is submitted that the appellant with mala fide intention has pursued the respondent. In _State ofHaryana& Ors._ v. _Ram Kumar Mann,_ [1997] 3 SCC 321 this Court observed: B "The doctrine of discrimination is founded upon existence of an enforceable right. He was discriminated and denied equality as some similarly situated persofl:S had been given the same relief. Article 14 would apply only when invidious discrimination is meted out to equals and similarly circumstanced without any rational basis or relationship c in that behalf. The respondent has no right, whatsoever and cannot be given the relief wrongly given to them, i.e., benefit of withdrawal of resignation. The High Court was wholly wrong in reaching the conclusion that there was invidious discrimination. If we cannot allow a wrong to perpetrate, an employee, after committing mis-appropriation D of money, is dismissed from service and subsequently that order is withdrawn and he is reinstated into the service. Can a similarly Circumstanced person claim equality under Section 14 for Reinstatement? The answer is obviously "No". In a converse case, in the first instance, one may be wrong but the E wrong order cai:inot be the foundation for claiming equality for enforcement of the same order. As stated earlier, his right must be founded upon enforceable right to entitle him to the equality treatment for enforcement thereof. A wrong deci~fon by the Government does not give a right to enforce the wrong order and claim parity or equality. Two wrongs can never make a right". [See: _State p of Bihar and Ors._ v. _Kameshwar Prasad Singh and Anr.,_ l2000] 9 SCC 94, _Vikrama Shama Shetty_ v. _State of Maharashtra and Ors.,_ [2006] 6 SCC 70, _South Eastern Coalfields Ltd._ v. _Prem Kumar Sharma and Ors.,_ [2006] 7 SCALE 240, _Ekta Shakti Foundation_ v. _Government of NCT of Delhi,_ JT (2006) 6 SC 500, and _South Eastern Coalfields Ltd_ v. _Prem Kumar Sharma_ G _and Ors.,_ AIR (2006) SC 2727). ., ' Merely because in some cases the norms may not have been followed that cannot be a ground to hold that departure from norms should be continued. There are serious allegations about respondent having manipulated and fabricated documents to substantiate his stand. We need not go into these H allegations. But as has been fairly accepted by the learned counsel for the respondent, there is no official communication from IIT Madras to support the _I_ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. JAMSHEDPUR _v._ CHANDRA SHEKHAR CHAUDHARY iPASAYAT. J.J 1107 respondent, there is no official communication from IIT Madras to support the A respondent's stand that he was asked by the authorities of the said institute not to attend the programme. There should have been some material to support the stand. Unfortunately, for the respondent there is none. On the other hand admittedly after April, 2005 the respondent had abandoned the programme. It is also on record that the appellant notwithstanding these facts B had asked the respondent to report back to IIT, Madras to continue studies in terms of High Court's direction. But that does not seem to have been done by the respondent. The inevitable result is that the orders of the learned Single Judge and the Division Bench of the High Court cannot be maintained and are accordingly C set aside. The appeal is allowed but in the circumstances without any order as to costs. K.K.T. Appeal allowed.