High Court of KeralaSingle Judge2023-08-17Disposed of with directions to re-consider the ...

Mukesh and Others v. Union of India and Others

Case / Petition Number:WP(C).No.25648 OF 2020

Case Details & Bench

Court: High Court of Kerala
Hon'ble Judges: The Hon'ble Mr. Justice Murali Purushothaman
Judgment Date: 2023-08-17
Court Decision / Holding: This writ petition is disposed of directing the competent among the respondents to re-consider the claims put forward by the petitioners in light of the dictum laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in EPF Organisation v. Sunil Kumar B and Others, within a period of three months from the date of receipt of a copy of this judgment.
Final Disposition: Disposed of with directions to re-consider the petitioners' claims in light of the Supreme Court dictum, within three months from receipt of the judgment copy.

Parties to the Case

Appellants / Petitioners

MUKESH Aged 63 years S/O. Karupiah Lakshmi Nivas, H.No. XV/345, Akathupadam Road, Thiruvankulam, Ernakulam-682305
ANANDAMANI P AGED 62 YEARS S/O. Periyasami, 264-B, Sunmugha House, Triveni Road, Kuzhikad, Ambalamedu P.O, Ernakulam-682303
BALAKRISHNAN P.K Aged 64 YEARS S/O.N. Kelukutty, SreeKrishna, HVG-32, Akathupadam, Thiruvankulam, Ernakulam-682305
BHASURAKUMAR A.K Aged 70 YEARS S/O. Kunjunni K.K, Global Peace Palace, Thumpoly P.O, Alappuzha-688008
SUKUMARAKAIMAL AGED 77 YEARS S/O. Sankara Kaimal, Viju Bhavan, Palackathakidi P.O, Kuzhikad, Mallappally, Pathanamthitta-659581
VIJAYAN V.S AGED 64 YEARS S/O. Sankaran (Late), Karammel House, Chottanikara, Ernakulam-682312
PRABHAKARAN C.K, AGED 73 YEARS S/O. Kesavan C.K, Cherickalputhenpurayil, Kureekadu (P.O), Ernakulam-682305
OMANAKUTTAN NAIR G, AGED 74 YEARS S/O. Gopal Naik, Cheriyath Kizhakkethil (H), Chenneerkara P.O, Pathanamthitta-689503
SASI T.S, AGED 66 YEARS S/O. Sadanandan T.K, Nediaykalayil, Mudur, Udupi/Karnataka
REMADEVI P, AGED 60 YEARS W/O. (Late), Gopalakrishnan Nair K, KrishnaKripa (H), St. Marys Nagar, Kandanad P.O, Ernakulam-682305
BHASURANGI, AGED 68 YEARS W/O. M. Purushothaman (Late), Jyothi Bhavan, Kodinjam, Kutti Kad P.O, Kadakkal, Kollam-691536
LALITHA BABU, AGED 66 YEARS W/O. Prakash Babu (Late), Kattukandathil House, Mur-ingoor P.O, Chalakudy, Thrissur-680309
SULOCHANA K, AGED 75 YEARS W/O. Balakrishnan K, Saji Nivas, Chathari, Vymeedi Road, Tripunithura, Ernakulam-682301
SUMATHYKUTTYAMMA, AGED 71 YEARS W/O. Ramakrishnan Nair (Late), Nattukaratil, Cheruthana P.O, Karuvattta, Alappuzha-690517
SREEDEVI K.P, AGED 73 YEARS W/O. K.V. Gopi, Kodiveettil (H), Palayil Parambu, West Nellur Road, Feroke (P.O), Kozhikode-673631
SOMALATHA P.R, AGED 61 YEARS W/O. Hem anathan P.S., Puthenpurayil (H), Pallipuram P.O, Cherthala, Alappuzha-688541
SANTHAKUMARI P, AGED 71 YEARS W/O. Ramachandran Nair K.V, Chandni, Perunninamkulam, Irimpanam P.O, Ernakulam-682309
INDIRA V.K, AGED 67 YEARS W/O. Nandakumaran K, Thanaima, Trra 104, Poonithura P.O, Ernakulam-682038
DIVAKARAN M.K, AGED 75 YEARS S/O. P.K. Nambiar (Late), Geetham, Nila 31, Chithrapuzha, Irumpanamm P.O, Ernakulam, Kerala-682309
MANMADHAN K, AGED 75 YEARS S/O. S. Raman Pillai (Late), Visakam, Chithrapuzha, Irumpanamm P.O, Ernakulam-682309
YOUSUF P.P, AGED 75 YEARS S/O. Pareeth, Raziya Manzil, Near Block Office, Wadakanchery, Kumaranelur P.O, Thrissur (Dist.) 680590
PURUSHAN K, AGED 74 YEARS S/O. Kesavan (Late), Kalambul (H), Mannachery P.O, Alappuzha
GANGADHARAN K.K, AGED 70 YEARS S/O. Chikkini, Chithrapuzha, Irumpanamm P.O, Ernakulam-682309
SUKUMARAN M.K, AGED 65 YEARS S/O. Kunjupanikker (Late), Maruthekkal (H), Vayanasala Road, Chithrapuzha, Irimpanam (P.O), Ernakulam-682309
VARGHESE K.I, AGED 61 YEARS S/O. Kannamputha Inasu, Kannampuzha (H) Htra97, Thiruvankulam P.O, Ernakulam-682305
MOHANAN P.T, AGED 62 YEARS S/O. Thankappan P.R, Pacholil House, Valummel Road, Thekkumbhagom, Tripunithura-682301
SASIDHARAN T.K, AGED 61 YEARS S/O. Kesavan Nair, Neelanjanam, Kaninadu, Ernakulam-682310

Respondents

UNION OF INDIA represented by Secretary to Government of India, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Department of Employment, New Delhi 110 001
Central Provident Fund Commissioner, Employees Provident Fund Organisation, Bhavishya Nidhi Bhavan, 14- Bhikaji Cama Place, New Delhi-110 066
Regional Provident Fund Commissioner, Employees Provident Fund Organisation, Pattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695 004
Regional Provident Fund Commissioner, Sub-Regional Office, No. 36/685A, Bhavishya Nidhi Bhavan, Kaloor, Ernakulam-682 017
The Chief General Manager, Bharath Petroleum Corporation Limited, Kochi Refinery, Ambalamugal, Ernakulam-682 302
Chairman, Employees Provident Fund Trust, Bharath Petroleum Corporation Limited, Kochi Refinery, Ambalamugal, Ernakulam-682 302

Legal Representation & Advocates

Counsels for Petitioners

• T.K. RajesKumar
• Kum. Aparna Somarajan
• R. Harikrishnan

Counsels for Respondents

• Sajeev Kumar K. Gopal
• P. Benny Thomas
• D. Prem Kamath
• Tom Thomas (Kakkuzhiyil)
• Abel Tom Benny
• Jyothish Krishna
• Meenakshy S. Dev
• Muhammad Sachin K.
• Kuri an Oommen Therakath

Case Synopsis & Summary

This writ petition, filed by twenty-seven retired employees of Bharath Petroleum Corporation Limited, EPF subscribers, challenges Employees' Provident Fund Scheme 2014 (GSR 609(E) dated 22-08-14) and seeks a higher pension entitlement under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. The petitioners contend that the pension must be calculated and paid under the Pension Scheme without being limited by the maximum pensionable salary cap prescribed in para 11(3) of the Employees’ Pension Scheme, 1995, and that they be permitted to exercise the option to contribute on actual salaries drawn, on a time-bound basis, in line with para 26 of the Provident Fund Scheme. They rely on earlier judicial directions and on established rights under the EPF framework. The petition asserts that the 2014 Scheme unfairly restricts pension benefits and deprives them of rightful gratuities and pension enhancements. The Union of India and EPFO respond by invoking a binding Supreme Court ruling in EPF Organisation v. Sunil Kumar B and Others (2022), which they say settles the issue and requires reconsideration consistent with that decision. The court, on 17 August 2023, disposes of the petition with a direction to re-consider the claims of the petitioners in light of the Supreme Court dictum, within three months from receipt of a copy of the judgment, thereby ensuring uniform application and remedy.

Provisions of Law Cited

Employees' Provident Fund Scheme 2014 (GSR 609(E) dated 22-08-14)Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952Employees' Pension Scheme, 1995 (paragraph 11(3))Para 26 of the Employees' Provident Scheme

Submissions & Arguments

Contentions of Appellants / Petitioners

The petitioners contend that the 2014 EPF Scheme restricts pension rights and that they are entitled to pension enhancements under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act of 1952 as per the option exercised. They seek to have pension computed without the cap under para 11(3) of the Employees’ Pension Scheme, 1995 and to exercise the option to contribute on actual salaries drawn on a time-bound basis, as contemplated by para 26 of the Provident Fund Scheme. They rely on earlier judicial directions and on established EPF rights, seeking a ruling that would harmonize the scheme with the 1952 Act and pension provisions. Their case is that the 2014 Scheme should be set aside for these reasons and that the opportunity to opt for actual salary-based contributions should not be curtailed by time constraints.

Contentions of Respondents

The Union of India and the EPFO submit that the issue is settled by the Supreme Court in EPF Organisation v. Sunil Kumar B and Others (2022). They urge application of the Court's directions in that decision and contend that the petitioners' grievances should be considered in light of those directives. They contend that the writ petition should be disposed of with directions to re-examine the claims consistent with the Supreme Court ruling, and within a defined period, rather than granting blanket relief. They rely on the cited authorities to argue for a uniform, lawfully compliant resolution rather than ad hoc relief.

Cited Precedents (6)

Case Name	Citation	Treatment	Explanation
EPF Organisation and Another v. Sunil Kumar B and Others	2022 SCC online SC 1521	Positive	The Supreme Court decision is expressly cited and applied to direct reconsideration of the petitioners’ claims.
P Sasikumar v. Union of India	W.P.(C) 13710/2015	Positive	Direction from this Court in the Sasikumar case is invoked as part of the chain leading to the current disposal and reconsideration directive.
Supreme Court judgment in SLP(C) No. 33032/2015 and connected cases	SLP(C) No. 33032/2015 (04.08.2016)	Mentioned Only	Exhibit P2A cites this Supreme Court decision; it is referenced but not expressly applied in the operative order.
W.P.(C) No. 32886/2019	W.P.(C) No. 32886/2019 (dated 05.06.2020)	Mentioned Only	Exhibit P4A is appended; it is not discussed as a basis for the judgment.
W.P.(C) No. 6643/2007	W.P.(C) No. 6643/2007 (04.11.2011)	Mentioned Only	Exhibit P1; cited in Appendix but not a basis for the instant disposal.
WP(C) No. 13120/2015	WP(C) No. 13120/2015 (12.10.2018)	Mentioned Only	Exhibit P3A refers to this judgment; not directly applied in the present decision.

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Extracted Judgment Text

Exact text extracted from official judgment records.

# **IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM** # **PRESENT** # **THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE MURALI PURUSHOTHAMAN THURSDAY, THE 17[TH] DAY OF AUGUST 2023 / 26TH SRAVANA,** ## **1945** # **WP(C) NO. 25648 OF 2020** ## **PETITIONERS:** 1 MUKESH AGED 63 YEARS S/O. KARUPIAH LAKSHMI NIVAS, H.NO. XV/345, AKATHUPADAM ROAD, THIRUVANKULAM, ERNAKULAM682305, PPO NO.KR/KCH/89711, EPF, NO.KR/KCH/2621/000/1459. 2 ANANDAMANI P AGED 62 YEARS S/O. PERIYASAMI, 264-B, SUNMUGHA HOUSE, TRIVENI ROAD, KUZHIKAD, AMBALAMEDU P.O, ERNAKULAM, 682303, PPO NO.KR/KCH/00112432,EPF A/C, NO.0002621/000/000/1104. 3 BALAKRISHNAN P.K AGED 64 YEARS S/O.N. KELUKUTTY, SREEKRISHNA, HVG-32, AKATHUPADAM, THIRUVANKULAM, ERNAKULAM - 682305, PPO NO. KR/KCH/000/80447, EPF A/C.NO. KR/KCH/000/2621/000/1769. - 4 BHASURAKUMAR A.K AGED 70 YEARS S/O. KUNJUNNI K.K, GLOBAL PEACE PALACE, THUMPOLY P.O, ALAPPUZHA - 688008.PPO NO. KR/KCH/00056908, EPF A/C.NO. KR/KCH/2621/0801. 5 SUKUMARAKAIMAL AGED 77 YEARS S/O. SANKARA KAIMAL, VIJU BHAVAN, PALACKATHAKIDI P.O, KUNNAMTHANAM, MALLAPPALLY, PATHANAMTHITTA - 659581, PPO NO. KR/KCH/41487, EPF A/C.NO. KR/KCH/2621/541. 6 VIJAYAN V.S AGED 64 YEARS S/O. SANKARAN K,(LATE) KARAMMEL HOUSE, CHOTTANIKKARA, ERNAKULAM - 682312, PPO NO. KR/KCH/00086661, EPF A/C.NO. KR/KCH/0002621/920.. 7 PRABHAKARAN C.K, AGED 73 YEARS S/O. KESAVAN C.K, CHERICKALPUTHENPURAYIL, ``` WP(C).No.25648 OF 2020 ``` ``` 2 ``` - KUREEKADU (P.O), ERNAKULAM-682 305, PPO NO. KR/KCH/000/42838, EPF A/C. NO. KR/KCH/2621/173 - 8 OMANAKUTTAN NAIR G, AGED 74 YEARS S/O. GOPALAN NAIR, CHERIYATH KIZHAKKETHIL (H), CHENNEERKARA P.O, PATHANAMTHITTA-689 503, PPO NO. KR/TVM/000/73783, EPF A/C. NO. KR/KCH/0002621/000/000471 - 9 SASI T.S, AGED 66 YEARS S/O. SADANANDAN T.K, NEDIYAKALAYIL, MUDUR, P.O. UDAYANAGAR, KUNDHAPURA, UDUPPI, KARNATAKA, PPO NO. KR/KCH/000/21557, EPF A/C. NO. KR/KCH/000/2621/000/000/218 10 SMT. REMADEVI P, AGED 60 YEARS W/O. (LATE), GOPALAKRISHNAN NAIR K, KRISHNAKRIPA (H), ST. MARYS NAGAR, KANDANAD P.O, THIRUVANKULAM, ERNAKULAM, 682 305, PPO NO. KR/KCH/41481, EPF A/C. NO. KR/2621/728 - 11 SMT. BHASURANGI, AGED 68 YEARS W/O. M. PURUSHOTHAMAN (LATE), JYOTHI BHAVAN, KODINJAM, KUTTIKKAD P.O, KADAKKAL, KOLLAM-691 536, PPO NO. KR/KCH/00048526. 12 SMT. LALITHA BABU, AGED 66 YEARS W/O. PRAKASH BABU (LATE), KATTUKANDATHIL HOUSE, MURINGOOR P.O, CHALAKUDY, THRISSUR-680 309, PPO NO. KR/KCH/45343, EPF A/C. NO.KR/2621/780 13 SMT. SULOCHANA K, AGED 75 YEARS W/O. BALAKRISHNAN K, SAJI NIVAS, CHATHARI, VYMEEDI ROAD, TRIPUNITHURA, ERNAKULAM-682 301, PPO NO. KR/KCH/00042344, EPF A/C. NO. KR/KCH/2621/756 14 SMT. SUMATHYKUTTYAMMA, AGED 71 YEARS W/O. RAMAKRISHNAN NAIR R(LATE), NATTUKARATHIL, CHERUTHANA P.O,KARUVATTA, ALAPPUZHA-690 517, PPO. NO. KR/KCH/43065, EPF A/C. NO. KR/KCH/2621/854 - 15 SMT. SREEDEVI K.P, ``` WP(C).No.25648 OF 2020 ``` ``` 3 ``` AGED 73 YEARS W/O. K.V. GOPI, KODIVEETTIL (H), PALAYIL PARAMBU, WEST NELLUR ROAD, FEROKE (P.O), KOZHIKODE-673 631, PPONO.KR/KCH/42836, EPF A/C. NO. KR/2621/352 16 SMT. SOMALATHA P.R, AGED 61 YEARS W/O. HEMANATHAN P.S,(LATE), PUTHENPURAYIL (H), PALLIPURAM P.O, CHERTHALA, ALAPPUZHA-688 541, PPO NO. KR/KCH/57217, EPF A/C. NO. 2621/897. 17 SMT. SANTHAKUMARI P, AGED 71 YEARS W/O. RAMACHANDRAN NAIR K.V, CHANDNI, PERUNNINAMKULAM, IRIMPANAM P.O, ERNAKULAM-682 309, PPO NO. KR/KCH/43087, EPF A/C. NO. KR/KCH/2621/1001 18 SMT. INDIRA V.K, AGED 67 YEARS W/O. NANDAKUMARAN K, THANIMA, TRRA 104, POONITHURA P.O, ERNAKULAM, 682 038, PPO NO. KR.KCH/50346, EPF A/C. NO. KR/KCH/261/659. 19 DIVAKARAN M.K, AGED 75 YEARS S/O. P.K. NAMBIAR (LATE), GEETHAM, NILA 31, CHITHRAPUZHA, IRUMBANAM P.O, ERNAKULAM, KERALA-682 309, PPO NO. KR/KCH/41480, EPF A/C. NO. KR/2621/706 20 MANMADHAN K, AGED 75 YEARS S/O. S. RAMAN PILLAI (LATE), VISAKAM,CHITHRAPUZHA, IRUMPANAM P.O, ERNAKULAM-682 309, PPO NO. KR/KCH/41460, EPF A/C. NO. 2621/705 21 YOUSUF P.P, AGED 75 YEARS S/O. PAREETH, RAZIYA MANZIL, NEAR BLOCK OFFICE, WADAKANCHERY, KUMARANELLUR P.O, THRISSUR (DIST.) 680 590, PPO NO. KR/KCH/41437, EPF A/C. NO. KR/KCH/000/2621/350 22 PURUSHAN K, AGED 74 YEARS S/O. KESAVAN S, (LATE) , KALAMBUL (H), MANNACHERY P.O, ALAPPUZHA, PPO NO. KR/KCH/43089, EPF A/C. NO. KR/2621/856. ``` WP(C).No.25648 OF 2020 ``` ``` 4 ``` 23 GANGADHARAN K.K, AGED 70 YEARS S/O. CHIKKINI, CHITHRAPUZHA, IRUMPANAM P.O, ERNAKULAM-682 309, PPO NO. KR/KCH/51292, EPF A/C. NO. 2621/1146 24 SUKUMARAN M.K, AGED 65 YEARS S/O. KUNJUPANICKER (LATE), MARUTHEKKEL (H), VAYANASALA ROAD, CHITHRAPUZHA, IRIMPANAM (P.O), ERNAKULAM-682 309, PPO NO. KR/KCH/79757, EPF A/C.NO. KR/KCH/2621/1534 25 VARGHESE K.I, AGED 61 YEARS S/O. KANNAMPUZHA INASU, KANNAMPUZHA (H) HTRA97, THIRUVANKULAM P.O, ERNAKULAM-682 305, PPO NO. KR/KCH/00114014, EPF A/C.NO.KR/KCH/0002621/1543. - 26 MOHANAN P.T, AGED 62 YEARS S/O. THANKAPPAN P.R, PACHOLIL HOUSE, VALUMMEL ROAD, THEKKUMBHAGAM, TRIPUNITHURA-682 301, PPO NO. KR/KCH/00097918, EPF A/C.NO. KR/KCH/0002621/1541 - 27 SASIDHARAN T.K, AGED 61 YEARS S/O. KESAVAN NAIR, NEELANJANAM, KANINADU, ERNAKULAM-682 310, PPO NO. KR/KCH/00099282, EPF A/C. NO. KR/KCH/2621/3926. BY ADVS. T.K.RAJESHKUMAR KUM.APARNA SOMARAJAN R.HARIKRISHNAN ## **RESPONDENTS:** - 1 UNION OF INDIA REPRESENTED BY SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT, DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT, NEW DELHI 110 001. - 2 CENTRAL PROVIDENT FUND COMMISSIONER, EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND ORGANIZATION, BHAVISHYA NIDHI BHAVAN, 14- BHIKAJI CAMA PLACE, NEW DELHI-110 066 ``` WP(C).No.25648 OF 2020 ``` ``` 5 ``` - 3 REGIONAL PROVIDENT FUND COMMISSIONER EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND ORGANISATION, PATTOM, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695 004. - 4 REGIONAL PROVIDENT FUND COMMISSIONER, SUB-REGIONAL OFFICE, NO. 36/685A, BHAVISHYA NIDHI BHAWAN, KALOOR, ERNAKULAM-682 017 - 5 THE CHIEF GENERAL MANAGER, BHARATH PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED, KOCHI REFINERY, AMBALAMUGAL, ERNAKULAM-682 302 - 6 CHAIRMAN, EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND TRUST, BHARATH PETROLEUM CORPORATION LIMITED, KOCHI REFINERY, AMBALAMUGAL, ERNAKULAM-682 302 BY ADVS. SRI.SAJEEV KUMAR K.GOPAL SRI.P.BENNY THOMAS SRI.D.PREM KAMATH SRI.TOM THOMAS (KAKKUZHIYIL) SHRI.ABEL TOM BENNY SHRI.JYOTHISH KRISHNA SMT.MEENAKSHY S DEV SHRI.AHAMMAD SACHIN K. SHRI.KURIAN OOMMEN THERAKATH ## **OTHER PRESENT:** GP - SRI. SREEJITH V. K.,DSGI - SRI. S MANU BY SC- SRI. SAJEEV KUMAR K.GOPAL ## **THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON 17.08.2023, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:** ``` WP(C).No.25648 OF 2020 ``` ``` 6 ``` ## **JUDGMENT** ## This writ petition is filed seeking the following ## reliefs:- “I) To set aside Employees' Provident Fund Scheme 2014 (brought into force by notification No. GSR 609(E) dated 22-08-14), in the light of the direction given in Exhibit P3 Judgment, of this Hon'ble Court in W.P. (C) 13710/ 2015 in P. Sasikumar V. Union of India. II. To set aside the various proceedings issued by Employees' Provident Fund Organization declining to grant opportunities to the Petitioner to exercise a joint option along with other employees to remit contribution to the Employees' Provident Scheme on the basis of the actual salaries drawn by them on a time bound basis. III. The Petitioner or Employees shall be entitled to exercise the option stipulated by Para 26 of the Employees' Provident Scheme without being restricted in doing so by the instant on a date. IV. Grant such other relief that this Honorable Court may deem fit and proper in the circumstances of the case. ## 2. The petitioners are retired employees of the ## 5[th] respondent establishment. They are subscribers ``` WP(C).No.25648 OF 2020 ``` ``` 7 ``` of Employees’ Provident Fund. According to the petitioners, they are entitled for higher pension under the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 as per the option exercised by them. It is their case that the pension has to be paid without limiting the amount to the maximum pensionable salary prescribed in paragraph 11(3) of the Employees’ Pension Scheme, 1995. 3. Sri. SajeevKumar K.Gopal, the learned Standing Counsel for the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation submits that the question raised in the writ petition is now settled by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in **EPF Organisation and Another v. Sunil Kumar B and Others** [2022 SCC online SC 1521] and that the grievance of the petitioners raised in this writ petition will be considered in accordance with the directions therein. In the light of the said submission, this writ ``` WP(C).No.25648 OF 2020 ``` ``` 8 ``` petition is disposed of directing the competent among the respondents to re-consider the claims put forward by the petitioners in the light of the dictum laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the decision cited above within a period of three months from the date of receipt of a copy of this judgment. ``` Sd/- ``` **MURALI PURUSHOTHAMAN JUDGE** AL/- ``` WP(C).No.25648 OF 2020 ``` ``` 9 ``` ## _`APPENDIX OF WP(C) 25648/2020`_ ``` PETITIONER EXHIBITS EXHIBIT P1 ``` ``` EXHIBIT P1A TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT OF THE HON'BLE HIGH COURT OF KERALA, DATED 04.11.2011 IN W.P.(C) NO. 6643/2007 EXHIBIT P2A TRUE COPY OF JUDGMENT OF THE SUPREME COURT IN SLP(C) NO. 33032/2015 AND CONNECTED CASES DATED 04.08.2016. EXHIBIT P3A TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT OF THIS HON'BLE IN WP(C) NO. 13120/2015 DATED 12.10.2018. EXHIBIT P4A TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT OF THIS HON'BLE IN W.P.C NO. 32886/2019 DATED 05.06.2020. ```