Mohammad Ismail v. Nanney Lal

MOHAMMAD ISMAIL _v._ NANNEY LAL _March_ _1,_ 1969 [M. HIDAYATULLAH, C.J., J. C. SHAH, V. RAMASWAMI, G. K. MITTER AND A. N. GROVER, JJ.J _U.P._ _(Temporary) Control_ _of_ _Rent_ & _Eviction_ _Act_ _(U.P._ 7 _of_ _1941)_ _s._ _7-F-Suit_ _for eviction filed after obtaining permission_ _by ComniissioM;_ _-Permission_ _revoked_ _by_ _State Government-Whether suit incompetent._ A B The U.P. (Temporary) Control of Rent & Eviction Act, 1947, res- C tricts the rights of landlords to institute suits for eviction of their tenants to cases covered by s. 3(l)(a) to (g) except with the permission of the J?istri.ct Magistrate. The District Magistrate's order granting the permiss10n is expressly made subject to any order by the Commissioner under s. 3 (2) provided the aggreived party applies within 30 days to the Commissioner to revise the order. The Commissioner must ordinarily dispose of the application within six weeks. Section 7-F of the Act confers revisionary powers on the State Government in any case granting or refusing D to grant permission, and under s. 3 ( 4) the Order of the Commissioner under s. 3(3) is to be final subject to the order under s. 7-F. The respondent-landlord obtained permission of the District Magistrate to file a suit _fdr_ eviction of the appellant-tenant under s.. 3 ( 1) of the Act., The tenant applied to the Commissioner under s. 3(2) and the Commis~ioner dismissed the application. The tenant then filed a further revision application fo the State Government under s. 7-F. Before the disposal of the E last revision application, the landlord filed a suit for ejectment in pursuance of the permission given by the Commissioner. Thereafter the State Government set aside the order of the Commissioner and revoked the permission granted to the landlord. On the question whether the suit filed, after obtaining the permission of the Commissioner became incompetent on the making of an order by the State Government under- s. 7-F cancelling the permission to sue given by the Commissioner, this Court, HELD : The suit validly instituted after obtaining permission as re.quired by s. 3 did not cease to be maintainable even if the State Govern ment thereafter revoked the permission granted. 11 Under sub-s. (1) of s. 3 the maintainability of a suit on grounds other than those mentioned in els. (a) to (g) is made expressly subject to an order under sub-s. (3). The Legislature did not provide that the right to file a suit would be subject to or dependent upon an order under s. 7-F G in the same way as an order under s. 3(3). [898 A] When n landlord files a suit for eviction only with the permission of the District Magistrate, he is conscious of the fact that such permission may be revoked by the Commissioner at the instance of the tenant within tCn weeks of its institution. But so far as the revisional powers of the State Government are concerned. there is n6 time limit fixed either for application by an aggrieved party o'r for the disposal thereof .. It may b_e H made at anv time and the State Government 1s further authorised by this section (s. 7-F) to act _suo_ _111otu._ In such a state of affairs, it cannot be 'held that the landlord must wait indefinitely and find out whether the **A** **B** ## **c** **D** **E** **F** G ' **H** MOHD. ISMAIL _v._ NANNEY LAL _(Mitter,_ **J.)** 8 95 permission granted to him will be upheld by the State Government should the tenant make an application for revision of the ordelr of the Commissioner. [898 CJ Apart from the above c;pnsideration, the words in s. 7-F indicate that **the** **State** **Government** **can** **only** **exercise** **its.** **jurisdiction** **to** **revise** **the** **order** **of** **the** **Commissioner** **before** **the** **actual** **jnstitution** **of** **the** **suit.** **The** **lan-** guage of s. 7-F does not seem to be aimed at invalidating a suit already instituted and can only operate at a stage before the landlord launches his proceedings. There is nothing in sub-s. ( 4) of s. 3 read with s. 7-F to show that the landlord should wait till the powers of the revising authorities have been exhausted. If the Legislature had so intended, it could have used suitable words in sub-s. (!) of s. 3 to indicate that the grant of permission by the District Magistrate would also be subject to an crder under s. 7-F. [898 F] The Legislature had provided for a decree for eviction of a tenant passed before the commencement of the Act liable to be rendered inexecutable unless it was based on any of the grounds mentioned in sub-s. ( 3). lbe Legislature might, if so advised, have provided for a similar result **in** **a** **case** **where** **the_** **State** **Government** **had** **revoked** **the** **permission** **to** **sue** granted by the Commissioner. It would make a mockery of the judicial process if it were to be held on the language of the sections as they stood, that irrespective of a decree being passed by the trial coun being upheld in appeal by the High Coun or by this Court, the order of the State Government would nullify all proceedings. Once the jurisdiction under s. 16 wa• properly exercised the Coun cannot examine the propriety of the order made thereunder. [899 B-D: 900 BJ _Bhcgwan Das_ v. _Paras_ _Nath,_ [1969) 2 S.C.R. 297, followed. _Shri Bhagwan_ v. _Ram Chand_ [1965) 3 $.C.R. 218 and _Bansi Ram_ v. _Manrri Lal,_ I.LR. [1965) 1 Allahabad 545, re'ferred to. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 263 of 1969. Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated December 13, 1968 of the Allahabad High Court in SecQ.nd Appeal No. 3474 of 1963. _J._ _P._ _Goyal,_ G. _N._ _Wantoo_ and _V._ C. _Parashar,_ for the appellant. _K._ _P._ _Gupta,_ for the respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by **Mitter,** **J,** The question in this appeal by special leave is, whether a suit for evictiom of a tenant by a landlord, after obtaining the permission of the Commissioner under sub-s. (3) of s. 3 of the Uttar Pradesh (Temporary) Control of Rent and Eviction Act, 194 7 becomes incompetent, on the making of an order by the State Government under s. 7 -F cancelling the permission to sue given by the Commissioner. The relevant facts for disposal of this appeal are as follows. The respondent-landlord obtained permission of the District . 896 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1969] 3 S.C.R . Magistrate to file a suit for eviction against the appellant under s. 3(1) of the Act on May 29, 1961. The ten.ant went up to the Commissioner of Agra Divisi~ under s. 3 ( 2) of the Act. On July 26, 1961 the Commissioner dismissed the revision application. The tenant then filed a further revision application to the State Government under s. 7-F of the Act. Before the disposal of the last revision application, the landlord filed a suit for ejectment on _J_ ainuary 18, 1962 in the court of the Munsii, Etah in pursuance of the permission given by the Commissioner. On June 16, 1962 rhe State Government set aside the order of the Commissioner and revoked !he permission granted to the landlord. The suit was dismissed by the Munsif of Etah on November 17, 1962. The Civil Judge of Etah allowed the appeal of the landlord on September 28, 1963. Th~ tenant went up in Second Appeal to the High Court. On December 13, 1968 a learned single Judge of the Allahabad High Court dismissed the tenant's appeal following a judgment of this Court in _Bhagwan_ _Das_ v. _Paras_ _Nath(')._ Learned counsel for the appellant contended that some aspects of the question had not bee.n raised before and/ or considered by this Court on the prior occasion which might have induced the Court to come to a different conclusion. Having heard counsel at some length, we are convinced that there is no-merit in his submissions. We respectfully agree with the decision in _Bhogwan_ _Das's_ case(') and are satisfied that counsel has not been able to show that any relevant aspect of the question was not considered on the former occasion. There was no unanimity of opinion in the Allahabad High Court as regards the effect of run order passed by the State Government contrary to tlie Commissioner's order on the basis of whiGh a suit for eviction was filed in the subordinate courts. So far as the High Court was concerned, the matter was laid at rest by a Full Bench decision in the case of _Bansi_ _Ram_ v. _Mantri_ _Lal(')._ This Court while not concurring with all that was said in _Bansi Ram's_ case(2) agreed with the Full Bench that a suit validly instituted after obtaining permission as required by s. 3 did not cease to be maintainable even if the State Government thereafter revoked the permission granted. Section 3 ( 1) of the Act restricts the rights of la.oolords to institute suits for eviction of tenants to cases covered by clauses (a) to (g) of that sub-section except with the permission of the District Magistrate. The words of this sub-section are imperative ·and show that no such suit can be filed without the permission of the said authority. Under the Transfer of Property Act the only pre-requisite to the institution of a valid suit .for evictiOill of a monthly tenant is the service of a proper notice to quit. The (I) [1969] 2 S.C.R. 297. (2) I.L.R. [1965[ I Allahabad 545. A B #### c D E F #### G, H ,A B D E F MOHD. ISMAIL _v._ NANNEY LAL _(Mitter,_ J.) 897 landlord is not obliged to make out any ground for such eviction. Where he seeks to eject a tenant and can make out a case which falls within any of the sub-clauses (a) to (g), he need not approach the Distrkt Magistrate for permission to sue. It follows that the District Magistrate must consider the justification for the institution of a suit in all other cases. His order is expressly made subject to any order under sub-s. ( 3) of the section. In order that power under the latter sub-section can be exercised, it is neces sary {or the aggrieved party to apply to the Commissioner to revise the order of the Magistrate by 111aht1g ·an application under sub-s. ( 2) of the section within 30 days from the date on which the order is communicated to him. Sub-s. (3) enjoins upon the Commissioner to hear the application, as far may be, within six weeks from the date of making it and his powers in this regard are not subject to any limitation. A landlord may file a suit for eviction on getting the permission of the District Magistrate to do so bnt he runs the risk of such permission being revoked by the Commissioner in which case his suit will become infructuous as by the.express words of sub-s. (1) the permission of the District Magistrate is made subject to revision by the Commissioner. The question arises whether the same result will follow if the order of the Commissioner is in its turn upset by the State Government acting under s. 7-F and whether sub-s. (4) of s. 3 should be so construed. In our opinion, an order under s. 7-F cannot affect a suit filed prior thereto if the landlord has obtained the necessary sanction from the Commissioner. The relevant portion of the sections are quoted below* for facility of reference. *(3) Restrictions on eviction.-(1) Subject to any order passed under subsection (3) no suit shall, without the permission of the District Ma&:istrate, be filed in any civil court against a tenant for his eviction from any accommodation, except on one or more of the following grounds : (a) to (g) (2) Whe~e any application has been made to the District M;gi.strate for permission to sue a tenant for eviction from any accommodation and tbe. District Magistrate grants· or refuses to grant the permission, the party aggrieved by his order mf:Y, within 30 days from the date on which the order is communi· cated to him, apply to the Corn.missioner to revise the order. (3) The Commissioner shall hear the application made under ~ab-section (2), as far as may .be, within six weeks from the. date of m~king it, and he may. if he is not satisfied as to the correctness. legality _O!_ propriety of !he order passed by the District Magistrate or as to the regularity of proceed1ng·s held before him alter or reverse his order, or make such other order as may be just and proper. ( 4) The order of the Commissioner under sub-section (3) shall, subject to any order passed by the State Government under section 7-F be final. H 7-F.-Revision to State Government-The State Government may call for the record of any case granting or refusing to grant permission for the filing of a suit for eviction referred to in Section 3 or requiring anv accommodation to be let or not to be let to any person under Section 7 or directing a person to vacate anv accommodation under Section 7-A and maiy make such order as appears to _it._ necessary for the ends of justice. 898 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1969] 3 S.C.R. Under sub-s. ( l) the maintainability of a suit on grolllll!ds other than those mentioned in els. (a) to (g) is made expressly subject to an order under sub-s. ( 3). It will be noted that the Legislature has conferred various powers on the State Government besides the power to reverse orders under section 3. . For reasQDS of its own the Legislature did not provide that the right to file a suit would be subject to or dependent upon an order under s. 7-F in the same way as an order under section 3 ( 3 ) . Various· reasons were given by this Court in _Bhagwan_ _Das's_ case(') for coming to the conclusion thats. 7-F was not to be construed in the same way as s. 3 ( 3) and we are .in entire agi:eement therewith. When a landlord filed a suit for eviction only with the permission of the District Magistrate he knows that it would be open to the tenant to ask for revocation of the permission by an applicatiQl'.1 to the Commissioner within 30 days from the communication of the order of the District Magistrate to him. He is also aware that the Commissioner must, except for unavoidable reasons, hear the application and dispose of it within six weeks thereafter. At the most, therefore, he has to wait for about ten weeks from the order of the District Magistrate granting permission to find out whether he can safely institute a suit. But so far as the revisional powers of the State Gover1DJIIlent are concerned, there is no time limit fixed either for application by an aggrieved party or tor the disposal thereof. It may be made at any time and the State Government is further authorised by this section (s. 7-F) to act _suo_ _motu._ In such a state of affairs, it would not be right to hold that the landlord must wait indefinitely and ljnd out whether the permission graimed to him will be upheld by the State Government should the tenant make an application for revision of the order of the Commissioner. Apart from the above consideration, the words of s. 7-F in our opinion, indicate that the State Government cain only exercise its jurisdiction to revise the order of the Commissioner before the actual institution of the suit.. The language of s. 7-F shows that on the facts of the case before it the State Government must consider whether the grant of or refusal to grant permission for the filing of a suit should be upheld or not. The section does not seem to be aimed at invalidating a suit a\ready instituted and can only operate at a stage before the landlord launches his proceeding. There is nothing in sub-s. ( 4) of s. 3 read with s. 7-F to show that a lancllo~d should wait till the powers of the revising authorities have been exhausted. If the Legislature had so intended, it could have used words iini sub-s. ( 1) of s. 3 to indicate that the grant of permission by the District Magistrate would also be subject to an order under s. 7-F. The same result might have been achieved by providing for the stay of a suit in case the State (I) [1969] 2 S.C.R. 297. B # _c_ D B #### r G B MOHD. ISMAIL _v._ NANNEY LAL _(Mitter,_ _I.)_ 8 ~9 A B #### c D F Government made an order under s. 7-F contrary to that of the Commisllioner. Once a suit is validly instituted it must take its course and the decree passed therein must be givC\11 effect to .unless the words of the statute render the decree inexecutable or liable to re-opening in a proper case· on grounds mentioned in the statute. It was pointed out by this Court in _Bhagwan Das's_ case(') that the Legislautre had provided for a decree for eviction of a tenant passed before the commencement of the Act liable to be rendered inexecutable unless it was based on any of the grounds mentioned in sub-s. (3). The Legislature might, if so advised, have provided for a similar result in a case where the State Government had revoked the permission to sue granted by the Commissioner. It was also pointed out in _Bhagwan Das's_ case(') that it would make a mockery of the jm:licial process if we were to hold on the language of the sections as they stand at present, that irrespective of a decree being passed by the trial court being upheld in appeal by the High Court or by this Court, the order of the State Gov ernment would nullify all pro~gs. G H There is nothing in the judgment of this Court in _Shri Bhagwan_ v. _Ram_ _Chand(')_ read with secti!lll 16(3) of the Act which would incline us to come to any different conclusion. On the strength of the decision in that case read iJli the light of s. 16, it was argued that the order of the State Government being quasijudicial in nature s. 16 (inset) placed the order of the State Government beyond the pale of scrutiny by a court of law. We cannot see any force in this argumCill't. The permission to sue given by the Commissione~ has no effect on the course of the trial of the issues involved in that suit. That permission is only a prerequisite to a suit as a notice under s. 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The court trying the suit for eviction has to find out whether a proper notice to quit was given aind whether the tenancy was properly determined. It must also examine the grounds on the basis of which the landlord seeks to evict the tenant and decide for itself whether such grounds exist. Neither the District Magistrate nor the Commissioner nor the State Government is oblieed to disclose any reasons which may influence the said authorities in coming to their decision and the court is not called upon to examine whether the conclusion of any of the said authorities was properly arrived at. Learned counsel for the appellant would have us hold that (I) [1969] 2 S.C.R. 297. (2) (1965] 3 S.C.R. 218. Lil Sup ;Cl/69-8 900 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1969] 3 S.C.R. s. 16• ousted the jurisdiction of the Court to consider the propriety of any order of the State Government. In our view, that is not the effect of that section. The decision in _Shri Bhagwan_ _v._ _Ram_ _Chand (supra)_ shows that the State Government must offer areasonable opportunity to both the parties while it exercises its jurisdiction under s. 7-F and an order which is J!lade in violation of the principles of natural justice may be quashed. Once the jurisdiction under s. 16 is properly exercised the court cannot examine the propriety of the order made therell\ll.der. In the resu!t, the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs. Two is only exercisable at a point of time anterior to the filing of a suit and courts of law can therefore disregard any order under that section which is made after the filing of a suit. In the result, the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs. Two months time granted from today for vacating subject to payment of rent and an undertaking given that the property would be handed over peacefuliy within that time. Y.P. _Appeal dismissed._ **•Section** **16.** **Orders** **under the** **Act not to** **be** **questioned** **in** **any** **Court.-** **No order' made** **under this Act by the** **State Government** **or** **the** **District** **Magis.** **trate** **shall** **be** **called** **in** **question** **in** **any** **court.** **A** B ### c