High Court of KeralaSingle JudgeW.P.(C). Nos. 20893 & 22601 of 2021 allowed; Ex...

Meat Industries Welfare Association v State of Kerala and Others (WP(C) Nos. 20893 of 2021 & 22601 of 2021)

Case / Petition Number:WP(C) Nos. 20893 of 2021 & 22601 of 2021

Case Details & Bench

Court
High Court of Kerala
Hon'ble Judges
  • P. V. Kunhikrishnan
Judgment Date
2022-06-10
Court Decision / Holding
The writ petitions are allowed; Ext.P1 (22601) and Exts.P2 and P3 (20893) are quashed. The court noted that beef has not been notified as an essential article under the 1986 Act, and that the power to fix prices lies within temporary disaster-related authority, not permanent price fixation by a Panchayat. It referred to Ext.P4 and Karthigesu K. and Others to emphasize statutory limits and directed any price considerations to proceed through proper statutory channels, potentially after consultations with traders if needed.
Final Disposition
W.P.(C). Nos. 20893 & 22601 of 2021 allowed; Ext.P1, Ext.P2, Ext.P3 quashed; The government’s temporary price-control framework may be considered through proper statutory channels in future.

Parties to the Case

Appellants / Petitioners

  • Meat Industries Welfare Association
  • Alen Babu

Respondents

  • State of Kerala
  • Mulakkulam Grama Panchayath
  • The Secretary, Mulakkulam Grama Panchayath
  • District Collector, Kottayam District
  • District Superintendent of Police, Kottayam
  • Station House Officer, Kaduthuruthy
  • The Secretary, Mulakkulam Grama Panchayath (again)

Legal Representation & Advocates

Counsels for Petitioners

  • • M. Narendrakumar
  • • M.J. Sajitha
  • • K. Abhilash
  • • Sunil Nair Palakkat
  • • M.A. Hammed Saheer
  • • P.B. Muhammed Ajeesh
  • • Rithik S. Anand

Counsels for Respondents

  • • Shri Justin Jacob, SC, Grama Panchayat
  • • Smt. Vidya KuriaKose, Govt Pleader
  • • Adv. Alex.M.Scaria
  • • Smt. Vidya KuriaKose, GP

Case Synopsis & Summary

Two connected writ petitions challenge the fixation of beef prices by a local panchayat. In WP(C) No. 20893/2021 the Meat Industries Welfare Association sought to strike down Exts. P2 and P3, while in WP(C) No. 22601/2021 Alen Babu challenged Ext. P1. The petitions contend that the Panchayat has no statutory power to fix meat prices and that there is no notification under the Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986 designating meat as an essential article. The Government’s Ext. P4 order (09.09.2020) is cited to suggest that beef is not an essential commodity and that any price controls by district authorities must be temporary and situational, not permanent price fixation. The court recalls Karthigesu K. and Others v. State of Kerala and Others (2015 (3) KHC 323), where the Act’s scope and the power to regulate essential articles were discussed, including the need for a notified essential article to justify price control under the Act. On the backdrop of Ext. P4 and the cited decision, the court holds that the impugned orders are unsustainable. Consequently, WP(C) Nos. 20893 & 22601 are allowed, Exts. P1, P2 and P3 are quashed, and the government’s approach to price control is left open to proper statutory channels.

Provisions of Law Cited

Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986 — Section 3(1)Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986 — Section 3(2)Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986 — Section 3(2)(b)Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986 — Section 5Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986 — Section 6Essential Commodities Act, 1955

Submissions & Arguments

Contentions of Appellants / Petitioners

Applicants argued that the Panchayat lacks jurisdiction to fix beef prices, there is no notification under the Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986 designating beef as an essential article, and Exts. P2/P3 are without lawful basis. They relied on Karthigesu K. and Others v. State of Kerala and Others (2015 (3) KHC 323) to challenge price-control authority absent a notified essential article.

Contentions of Respondents

Respondents contended that price control can be exercised under the Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986, particularly in emergency contexts via notified orders, and that Ext.P4 reflects the Government’s view that price controls may be temporary under disaster conditions; they cited the Act’s provisions and the government order to justify regulatory measures.

Cited Precedents (1)

Case NameCitationTreatmentExplanation
Karthigesu K. and Others v. State of Kerala and Others2015 (3) KHC 323PositiveCited to discuss the scope of the Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, including the need for a notified essential article and the government’s power to regulate prices, which the court uses to evaluate the Panchayat’s actions.

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Extracted Judgment Text

Exact text extracted from official judgment records.

# **`IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM`** # **`PRESENT`** ``` THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE P.V.KUNHIKRISHNAN FRIDAY, THE 10[TH] DAY OF JUNE 2022 / 20TH JYAISHTA, 1944 WP(C) NO. 20893 OF 2021 ``` ## **`PETITIONER:`** ``` MEAT INDUSTRIES WELFARE ASSOCIATION, MUNDETTU, AYARKUNNAM P.O., KOTTAYAM, KERALA-686 564, REPRESENTED BY ITS PRESIDENT SALIM.M.A., RESIDING AT BUILDING NO.12/912, M.L.ROAD, NEAR VYAPARA BHAVAN, KOTTAYAM-1. BY ADVS. M.NARENDRA KUMAR M.J.SAJITHA ``` ## **`RESPONDENTS:`** ``` 1STATE OF KERALA, REPRESENTED BY ITS PRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT OF KERALA, FOOD AND CIVIL SUPPLIES DEPARTMENT, SECRETARIAT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695 001. 2MANJOOR GRAMA PANCHAYAT, REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, OFFICE OF THE PANCHAYAT, MANJOOR, KOTTAYAM, PIN-686 603. 3DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE, KOTTAYAM, OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE, KOTTAYAM, PIN-686 001. 4STATION HOUSE OFFICER, POLICE STATION, KADUTHURUTHY, OFFICE OF THE SHO, KADUTHURITHY, PIN-686 604. BY ADV SHRI.JUSTIN JACOB, SC, GRAMA PANCHAYAT SMT.VIDYA KURIAKOSE, GOVT. PLEADER ``` ``` THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON 10.06.2022, ALONG WITH WP(C).22601/2021, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: ``` **W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021** **2** # **`IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM`** ## **`PRESENT`** ``` THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE P.V.KUNHIKRISHNAN FRIDAY, THE 10[TH] DAY OF JUNE 2022 / 20TH JYAISHTA, 1944 WP(C) NO. 22601 OF 2021 ``` ## **`PETITIONER:`** ``` ALEN BABU AGED 21 YEARS S/O.SABU THOMAS, 5/785, KANNIKULATHEL HOUSE, PERUVA P.O., KOTTAYAM DISTRICT - 686610. BY ADVS. K.N.ABHILASH SUNIL NAIR PALAKKAT M.A.AHAMMAD SAHEER P.B.MUHAMMED AJEESH RITHIK S.ANAND ``` ## **`RESPONDENTS :`** ``` 1THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR, KOTTAYAM DISTRICT, COLLECTORATE, KOTTAYAM DISTRICT - 686 002. 2MULAKKULAM GRAMA PANCHAYATH REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, MULAKKULAM, PERUVA P.O., KOTTAYAM DISTRICT - 686 610. 3THE SECRETARY MULAKKULAM GRAMA PANCHAYATH, MULAKKULAM, PERUVA P.O., KOTTAYAM DISTRICT - 686 610. BY ADV ALEX.M.SCARIA, SMT.VIDYA KURIAKOSE, GP ``` ``` THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON 10.06.2022, ALONG WITH WP(C).20893/2021, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: ``` **W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021** **3** **P.V.KUNHIKRISHNAN, J. -------------------------------W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021 ---------------------------------------------Dated this the 10[th] day of June, 2022** ## **JUDGMENT** These two writ petitions are connected and therefore I am disposing these writ petitions by a common judgment. 2. In these two writ petitions, the local Panchayat fixed the rate of meat. In W.P.(C). No.20893 of 2021, Exts.P2 and P3 are the orders and in W.P.(C). No.22601 of 2021, Ext.P1 is the order. The petitioners challenged the same because the Panchayat has no source of power to issue such an order and there is no notification as per the Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986 and also the local Panchayat has no authority to fix the rate of meat. The petitioners relied on the judgment in **Karthigesu K. and Others v. State of Kerala and Others [2015 (3) KHC 323]** . 3. Heard the learned counsel for the petitioners and **W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021** **4** the learned counsel appearing for the Panchayat in these two cases. I also heard the learned Government Pleader for official respondents in these writ petitions. 4. The short point to be decided is whether the Panchayat has jurisdiction to fix the rate of meat. The Government already considered this aspect in detail in Ext.P4 order dated 09.09.2020 in W.P.(C). No.20893 of 2021. It will be better to extract the relevant portion of the order: “ബഹു.ഹൈ ക്ക ോടതി നിർദ്ദേശ പ്രകാരം 10.08.2020 ന് ഫ ോൺ വഴി പരാതിക്കാരനെ കേ ൾക് യും,ബ ബോധിപ്പിക്കാനുളള മററ വസ് കൾ തപാൽ വഴി ലഭ്യമാക് യും ചെ യ്തു. പരാതിക്കാരൻ അവകാശപ്പെടുന്നതു പ പോലെ യും, ബഹു.ഹൈ ക്ക ോടതി നിരീക്ഷിച്ചതു പ പോലെ യും 'ബീഫ്' ഒരു അവശ്യ വസ്തുവല്ലാത് ിനാൽ ആയതിന്റെ വില നിശ്ചയിക്കുന്നതിന് സർക്കാരിന് അധികാരമില്ല. എന്നാൽ ജില്ലാ ദുരന്ത നിവാരണ അതതോറിറ്റി ചെ യർപേ ഴ്സൺ എന്ന നിലയിൽ ദുരന്ത നിവാരണ ചട്ടങ്ങളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ, ഒരു ഭകഷ വസ്തു എന്ന നിലയിൽ വിലയിൽ താല്ക്കാലികമായി നിയന്ത്രണങ്ങൾ വരുത്തുന്നതിന് ജില്ലാകളക്ടർകക അധികാരമുണട. (ദുരന്തബാധിത പ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ ദുരന്തബാധിത സമയതത മാത്രം), അത് ഒരിക്കലും ആധികാരിക വിലയായയോ / സ്ഥിരവിലയായയോ പരിഗണിയ്ക്കാവുന്നതല്ല. എന്നാൽ ഇടുക്കി ജില്ലയുടെ കാര്യത്തിൽ ഇത്തരത്തിൽ ജില്ലാ കളക്ടർ ഒരു ഉത്തരവ് ഇറക്കിയിട്ടില്ല. ഈ **5** ## **W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021** ഭരണ സാഹചര്യത്തിൽ തദ്ദേശ അധികാരികൾക്ക ോ/പ പോലീസിനനോ ജില്ലയിൽ ബീഫിന്റെ വില കിലലോഗ്രാമിന് 300/രൂപയായി നിശ്ചിക്കാനനോ നിയന്ത്രിക്കാനനോ അധികാരമില്ല. മാത്രമല്ല ആട്ടിറച്ചി, വ്യാപകമായി ഉപയയോഗിക്കുന്ന ക ോഴിയിറച്ചി എന്നിവയുടെ കാര്യത്തിൽ ഇടപെ ട്ടിട്ടില്ല എന്നത് വിവേ ചനപരവുമാണ്. മാത്രമല്ല പാകകഡ്, ഫ്ര ോസൺ ബീഫിന് 400-450 രൂപ വരെ മാർക്കറ്റിൽ വില ഈടാക്കുന്നുണട. മേൽ സാഹചര്യത്തിൽ ശ്രീ സലിമിന്റെ ആവശ്യം അംഗീകരിച്ചുകകൊണട ഉത്തരവാകുന്നു. ആവശ്യമെങ്കിൽ ജില്ലാ കളക്ടർകക ഇറച്ചി വ്യാപാരികളുമായി ഒരു ചർച്ച നടത്തി വിലയുടെ കാര്യത്തിൽ എന്തെങ്കിലും നിർദ്ദേശങ്ങൾ നല്കാവുന്നതാണ്. ക ോവിഡി 19- പാൻഡമിക് സാഹചര്യത്തിൽ വില നിയന്ത്രിക്കേ ണ്ട കാര്യം അനിവാര്യമാണെ ങ്കിൽ മാത്രം ജില്ലാ ദുരന്ത നിവാരണ അതതോറിറ്റി ചെ യർമാൻ എന്ന അധികാരത്തിൽ ജില്ലാ കളക്ടർക താല്ക്കാലിക നിർദ്ദേശങ്ങൾ ഷം ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടവരുമായുളള ചർച്ചകൾക ശേ പുറപ്പെടുവിക്കാവുന്നതാണ്. അത്തരത്തിലുളള തീരുമാനങ്ങളിൽ പരാതിയുളള പക്ഷം പരാതിക്കാരന് ജില്ലാ കളക്ടർക പുന:പരിശശോധനാ ഹർജി നല്കുവാനനോ സർക്കാരിനെ സമീപിക്കാനനോ സ്വാതനത്രമുണ്ടായിരിക്കുന്നതുമാണ്. മേൽ തീരുമാന പ്രകാരം ബഹു.ഹൈ ക്ക ോടതി വിധി നടപ്പാക്കിക്കൊണ്ടും ശ്രീ.സലിമിന്റെ പരാതി തീർപ്പാക്കിക്കൊണ്ടും ഉത്തരവാകുന്നു. എന്നിരുന്നാലും കന്നുകാലിയുടെ വില മറ അനുബന്ധ ചെ ലവുകൾ എന്നിവയുടെ അടിസ്ഥാനത്തിൽ പരാതിക്കിടനല്കാത്തവിധം മാത്രമേ വ്യാപാരികൾ വില **6** ## **W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021** ഈടാക്കാൻ പാടുളളു എന്നും നിർദ്ദേശിക്കുന്നു.” 5. Moreover, in **Karthigesu’s case** (supra), this Court considered this aspect after considering the provisions of the Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986. It will be better to extract the relevant portion of the judgment of this Court in **Karthigesu’s case** (supra) : “14. Relying on the provisions of the Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986, the learned Senior Government Pleader would contend that, the District Administration has the power to control, during Sabarimala pilgrimage season, the price of food stuffs in the hotels and restaurants in Pathanamthitta District, in order to ensure their availability at a fair price to the pilgrims. The Kerala Essential Articles Control Act, 1986 empowers the State Government to declare any article, not being an essential commodity within the meaning of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, to be an essential article and to control by a notified order, the production, supply and distribution of, and trade and commerce in any such essential article. Section 3 of the Act empowers the Government to control the production, supply, distribution, etc. of essential articles. Going by subsection (1) of section 3, if the Government are of the opinion that it is necessary or expedient so to do for maintaining or increasing the supplies of an essential **7** ## **W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021** article, or for securing their equitable distribution and availability at fair prices, they may by notified order provide for regulating or prohibiting the production, supply and distribution thereof and trade and commerce therein. As per sub-section (2) of section 3, without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred by sub-section (1), an order made thereunder may make provision in respect of matters enumerated in clauses (a) to (k) of sub-section (2). Under clause (b) of sub-section (2), the Government have the power for controlling the price at which any essential article may be brought or sold. Section 5 of the Act mandates the notified orders to be laid before the Legislative Assembly and going by section 6 of the Act, any order made under section 3 shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any enactment other than this Act, or in any instrument having effect by virtue of any enactment other than this Act. The respondents have no case that, the food stuffs referred to in Ext.P20 price list in W.P.(C)No.28902 of 2013 are 'essential articles' notified by the State in exercise of its powers under section 3 of the said Act. Therefore, the contention raised by the learned Senior Government Pleader relying on the provisions of the aforesaid Act can only be repelled. ” 6. In the light of the decision of the Government and also the decision rendered by this Court, the impugned orders **8** ## **W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021** in these writ petitions are unsustainable. Therefore, these writ petitions are allowed. W.P.(C). No.22601 of 2021 is allowed and Ext.P1 is quashed. W.P.(C). No.20893 of 2021 is allowed and Exts.P2 and P3 are quashed. Sd/- **P.V.KUNHIKRISHNAN JUDGE** JV **9** ## **W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021** ## **`APPENDIX OF WP(C) 22601/2021`** ``` PETITIONER EXHIBITS Exhibit P1TRUE COPY OF THE COMMUNICATION DATED 30/09/2021 ISSUED BY THE 3RD RESPONDENT TO THE PETITIONER. ``` **W.P.(C).Nos.20893 & 22601 of 2021** **10** ## **`APPENDIX OF WP(C) 20893/2021`** - `PETITIONER EXHIBITS Exhibit P1 TRUE COPY OF LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE MANJOOR UNIT OF THE PETITIONER ASSOCIATION.` - `Exhibit P2 TRUE COPY OF THE NOTICE DATED NIL ISSUED BY THE SECOND RESPONDENT PANCHAYAT.` - `Exhibit P3 TRUE COPY OF THE LETTER NO.B1.4250/2021 ISSUED BY THE 2ND RESPONDENT ON 23.09.2021.` - `Exhibit P3 A TRUE COPY OF THE REFERENCE NO.1 MENTIONED IN EXHIBIT P3.` - `Exhibit P4 TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER DATED 09.09.2020 ISSUED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF KERALA.` - `Exhibit P5 TRUE COPY OF THE REPRESENTATION DATED 25.09.2021 SUBMITTED BY THE PETITIONER BEFORE THE 2ND RESPONDENT.` - `Exhibit P6 TRUE COPY OF THE COMPLAINT SUBMITTED BEFORE THE 3RD RESPONDENT DATED 28.09.2021.` - `Exhibit P7 TRUE COPY OF THE BILL DATED 28.09.2021 ISSUED BY ROYAL FRESH SUPERMARKET.` - `RESPONDENTS’ EXHIBITS: EXHIBIT R2(A) COPY OF THE NOTICE DATED 12.08.2021`