KERALA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD v. LIVISHA ETC. ETC.

A ## THE KERALA STA TE ELECTRICITY BOARD v. ## LMSHA ETC. ETC. ## MAY 18,2007 ## B [S.B. SINHA AND MARKANDEY KA TJU, JJ.] _Telegraph Act, 1885-ss. JO, 11, 12 and 16-Compensation-For cutting of trees for drawal of Electric Line-Determination of-Held : In_ C _order to determine the compensation, purpose and object of the statute and the methodology laid down therein for the purpose thereof should be the guiding/actor-There cannot be a fixed formula/or that and it would depend on facts of each case-Electricity Act, 1910-s.5/._ Trees had been cut and removed for drawal of 110 K. V. Electric Line. D _The Board/Land Acquisition Officer determined the amount of compensation. Reference Court determined the amount of compensation holding that the annuity thereof shall be calculated on the basis of 5°h return. In Revision petitions, High Court enhanced the amount of compensation and the rate of diminution at 50% from 40%. Hence the present appeals. E Allowing the appeals and remitting the matter to High Court, the Court. HELD: 1. No reason has been assigned in supportoftheviewtaken by High Court in enhancing the land value and by enhancing the rate of the diminution in land value to 50% from 40%. The materials placed on record were not analysed. Why such a view was taken also does not appear from the F records of the case. The amount of compensation is required to be determined keeping in view the purpose and object of the statute. There cannot be any raed formula therefor or the other. Although, undoubtedly one formula laid down, may assist the Board and/or Reference Court to apply the same but there cannot be hard and fast rule in this behalf. The purpose anil object of G the Act and the methodology laid down therein for the purpose thereof should be the guiding factor. [Para 7) [359-B, C, DJ \;. _KS.E. Boardv. Marthoma Rubber Co. Ltd.,_ (1981) KLT 646, referred to. 356 H KERAlA STA TE ELECTRICITY BOARD v. LIVISHA ETC. ETC. [S.B. SINHA, J.] 357 ..... -< "'-. > 2. The situs of the land, the distance between the high voltage electricity A line laid thereover, the extent of the line thereon as also the fact as to whether the high voltage line passes over a small track of land or through the middle of the land and other similar relevant factors would be determinative for paymeni: of compensation. The value of the land would also be a relevant factor. The owner of the land furthermore, in a given situation may lose his B substantive right to use the property for the purpose for whk:h the same was meant to be used. So far as the compensation in relation to fruit bearing trees are concerned the same would also depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case. High Coart should consider the matter afresh on the merits of each matter having regard to the fact situation obtaining therein. [Paras 10, 11 and 13) (361-G-H; 362-A, B, F) c _Land Acquisition Officer, A.P._ v. _Kamandana Ramakrishna Rao and Anr._ (2007) AIR SCW 1145; _Kapur Singh Mistry_ v. _Financial Commission and Revenue Secretary to Govt. of Punjab and Ors.,_ [1995) Supp. 2 SCC 635; _State of Haryana_ v. _Gurucharan Singh and Anr.,_ [1995) Supp. 2 SCC 637 and _Airports Authority of India_ v. _Satyagopal Roy and Ors.,_ [2002) 3 SCC D 527, referred to • ..._.., CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 289 of 2006. From the Final Judgment and Order dated 28.3.2005 of the High Court ofKerala at Emakulam, in C.R.P. No. 1279 of20')3. ## WITH CA. Nos. 2774, 2773, 2772, 2771 of2007 ,. M. T. George for the Appellant. - Baby Augustine, Eby Augustine, M.K. Michael for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by -..., ## S.B. SINHA, J. 1. Leave granted in SLPs. G 2. These appeals involving common questions of law and fact were taken up for hearing together and are being disposed of by this common judgment. What would be the amount of compensation for the trees cut and removed by the Kerala State Electricity Board, a body corporate, constituted and incorporated under Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948 is the question involved H SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] 7 S.C.R. 358 A in these appeals. Indisputably, amount of compensation for the said plirpose is determined in terms of the provisions of Section I 0, Part III of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885. 3. Before we embark upon the said question, we may notice the.amount of compensation that has been determined by the Appellant-Board as also by B the Reference Court being the District Judge. 4. Trees have been cut and removed for drawal of 110 K.V. Electr_ic Line. The Board/Land Acquisition Officer determined the amount of compensation whereupon reference was made. The learned District Judge while determining C the amount of compensation followed a judgment of 5 Judge Bench of the Kearla High Co·n in _Kumba Amma_ v. _KS.E.B.,_ (2000) I KL T 542, holding that annuity thereof shall be calculated. on the basis of 5% return. Revision applications having been filed thereagainst. The High Court in some cases, as noticed hereinbefore, enhanced the amount of compensation, fixing the rate of diminution at 50% instead of 40%. D 5. It is not in dispute that the High Court of Kerala at different point of time took different views in the matter. To begin with, in _Kera/a Electricity Board_ v. _Thomas,_ ( 1961) KL T 23 8, it was held that the principle which should be resorted to for the said purpose is annuity method. Fair return of 5% interest per annum was held to be reasonable for calculating the amount of E compensation. Allegedly, the Board was following the principle laid down in the said judgment in determining the amount of compensation. 6. The question again came up for consideration before the High Court in _K.S.E. Boardv. Marthoma Rubber Co. Ltd,_ reported in (1981) KLT 646, F wherein a Full Bench of the said Court opined that it would be safe to adopt the means of return on a fixed deposit for the usual period of 5 years or 63 months whichever is held reasonable and anticipated return for long term basis. The usual bank rate of interest at the relevant point of time was I 0% for long term deposits, i.e., over 5 years. The said rate of interest was adopted by the Board to be a fair return and the amount of annuity was being G calculated on the said basis. However, in _Kumba Amma_ (supra), a 5 Judge Bench of the High Court opined that inflation was a relevant factor which should be taken into consideration while computing the amount of compensation for destruction of trees. 7. We may, however, notice that in one of the impugned judgments, a H learned Single Judge of the High Court held :· KERALA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD _v._ LIVISHA ETC. ETC. [S.B. SINHA, J.] 359 > .... .. _J_ _.:_ "The court below has fixed the land value at Rs.20,000/- per cent and A the rate of diminution at 40%. Taking Exhibits A I and A2 produced, the lower court is correct in fixing the land value at Rs.20,000/- per cent cannot be the reasonable land value in this case. Hence I fix the land value in this case at Rs.30,000/- per cent. So also the rate of diminution in land value is fixed at 50% instead of 40% fixed by the B court below. The order passed by the court below is modified accordingly." No reason has been assigned in support of the above view. The materials placed on record were not analysed. Why such a view was taken also does not appear from the records of the case. The amount of compensation is c required to be determined keeping in view the purpose and object of the statute. There cannot be any fixed formula therefor or the other. Although, undoubtedly one formula laid down, may assist the Board and/or Reference Court to apply the same but there cannot be hard and fast rule in this behalf. A fixed formula for determining the amount of compensation although may make the task of the Land Acquisition Officer or the Reference Court easier D . but in our opinion each case is required to be taken on its own merit. We may _(_ hasten to add that the purpose and object of the Act and the methodology. laid down therein for the purpose thereof should be the guiding factor. The _5_ Judges Bench of the Kerala High Court referred to a large number of decisions which are applicable in the cases of death or fatal accident. It is E from that point of view that the _5_ Judges Bench proceeded to consider as to what is meant by 'real rate of interest'. Ultimately opining that _5%_ return as held in the case of _Thomas_ (supra) and not a higher rate of interest as observed in _K.S.E Board_ (supra) should be the guiding factor, it was held :- ~ _.,, --,. > "The dispute in this case arose when trees standing in petitioners' F property were cut down on 9.9.1980. The respondents have not made available before us any material to show that the real rate of interest in 1980 was something different from 5%. Their only contention based on 1981 KL T 646 is that what is relevant is the prevalent rate of interest which was 10%. This contention we have already rejected, as G such rate does not take into account the factor of inflation. Under these circumstances, we hold that the rate of interest to be applied in the present case is 5%. We hasten to add that we should not be understood as having laid down 5% as the real rate of interest for > subsequent period. The rate of interest applicable in India has been held as 4% by Jagannadha Rao, J. in AIR 1988 AP 89. 11 years have H 360 [2007] 7 S.C.R. ·, ·A B D E ## SUPREME COURT REPORTS lapsed after the above judgment. Whether it should be the same rate of return that has to be applied for the period before and after the above judgment or whether a higher or lower rate, is a matter to be decided in appropriate cases where relevant data is available. Till such time, the Board will adopt 5% as rate of return. But, we make it clear that cases finally concluded by decisions of the Court will not be reopened." 8. The Indian Telegraph Act was enacted to amend the law relating to telegraphs in India. Section 51 of the Indian Electricity Act, 1910 reads as under:- c "51. Exercise in certain cases of powers of telegraph authority.Notwithstanding anything contained in sections 12 to 16 (both inclusive) and sections 18 and 19, the State Government in the case of intra-State transmission system, may, by order in writing, for placing of electric supply-lines, appliances and apparatus for the transmission of energy or for the purpose of telephonic or telegraphic communication necessary for the proper coordination of works, confer upon any public officer, licensee or any other person engaged in the bu~.~ness of supplying energy to the public under this Act, subject to such conditions and restrictions (if any) as the State Government may think fit to impose, and to the provisions of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 (3 of 1885), any of the powers which the telegraph-authority possesses under the Act, with respect to the placing of telegraph-lines and posts for the purposes of a telegraph established or maintained by_ the Government or to be so establishment or maintained." F 9. Both telegraph lines and electrical lines are required to be drawn over the agricultural lands and/or other properties belonging to third parties. In drawing such lines, the entire land cannot be acquired but the effect thereof would be diminution of value of the property over which such line is drawn. The Telegraph Act, 1885 provides for the manner in which the amount of compensation is to be computed therefor. Section 10 of the Act empowers the G authority to place and maintain a telegraph line under, over, along or across, or posts in or upon any immovable property. Section 11 empowers the officers to enter on property in order to repair or remove telegraph lines or posts. Section 12 empowers the authority to grant pennission for laying down such lines to a local authority in terms of clauses ( c) & ( d) of the proviso to Section H 10 of the Act subject to reasonable conditions as it may think fit. Section 16 361 KER.\LA STA TE ELECTRICITY BOARD'" LIVISHA ETC ETC [S.B. SINHA J.) A of the said Act reads as under :- '' 16. Exercise of powers conferred by section I 0, and disputes as to compensation, in case of property other than that of a local authority. - (I) If the exercise of the powers mentioned in section IO in respect of property referred to in clause (d) of that section is resisted or obstructed, the District Magistrate may, in his discretion, order that the telegraph B authority shall be pennitted to exercise them. > (2) If, after the making of an order under section (l ), any person > resists the exercise of those powers, or, having control over the property, does not give all facilities for their being exercised, he shall > be deemed to have committed an offence under section 188 of the C Indian Penal Code, 1860 (45of1860). (3) If any dispute arises concerning the sufficiency of the compensation to be paid under section IO, clause (d), it shall, on application for that purpose by either of the disputing parties to the District Judge within D whose jurisdiction the property is situate, be determined by him. ..._. _J_ > (4) If any dispute arises as to the persons entitled to receive compensation, or as to the proportions in which the persons interested are entitled to share in it, the telegraph authority may pay into the court of the District Judge such amount as he deems sufficient or, E where all the disputing parties have in writing admitted the amount > tendered to be sufficient or the amount has been determined under sub-section (3), that amount; and the District Judge, after giving notice to the parties and hearing such of them as desire to be heard, shall determine the persons entitled to receive the compensation or, as the case may be, the proportions in which the persons interested F are entitled to share in it. > (5) Every determination of a dispute by a District Judge under subsection (3), or sub-section (4) shall be final: Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall affect the right of G any person to recover by suit the whole or any part of any compensation paid by the telegraph authority, from the persons who has received the same." IO. The situs of the land, the distance between the high voltage electricity line laid thereover, the extent of the line thereon as also the fact as to whether [2007] 7 S.C.R. 362 ## SUPREME COURT REPORTS A the high voltage line passes over a small track of land or through the middle of the land and other similar relevant factors in our opinion would be determinative. The value of the land would also be a relevant factor. The owner of the land furthermore, in a given situation may lose l'lis substantive right to use the property for the purpose for which the same was meant to B be used. 11. So far as the compensation in relation to fruit bearing trees are concerned the same would also depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case. C 12. We may, incidentally, refer to a recent decision of this Court in _Land Acquisition Officer, A.P._ v. _Kamandana Ramakrishna Rao & Anr.,_ reported in (2007) AIR SCW 1145 wherein claim on yield basis has been held to be relevant for determining the amount of compensation payable under the Land Acquisition Act, same principle has been reiterated in _Kapur Singh Mistry_ v. _Financial Commission & Revenue Secretary to Govt. of Punjab & Ors.,_ D [ 1995] Supp. 2 SCC 635, _State of Haryana_ v. _Gurcharan Singh & Anr.,_ [1995] Supp. 2 SCC 637, para 4, and _Airports Authority of India_ v. _Satyagopal Roy & Ors.,_ (2002] 3 SCC 527. In _Airport Authority_ (Supra), it was held :- . 1-- _'+-_ ~ ...... ) ~ I "· '- "14. Hence, in our view, there was no reason for the High Court not to follow the decision rendered by this Court in _Gurucharan Singh 's_ E case and determine the compensation payable to the respondents on the basis of the yield from the trees by applying 8 years' multiplier. In this view of the matter, in our view, the High Court committed error apparent in awarding compensation adopting the multiplier of 18." F 13. We are, therefore, of the opinion that the High Court should consider the matter afresh on the merit of each matter having regard to the fact situation obtaining therein. The impugned judgments, therefore, cannot be sustained. These are set aside accordingly. The matters are remitted to the High Court for consideration thereon afresh. The appeals are allowed. In the · facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs. K.KT. Appeals allowed. _>_[_,_ ] \ _t_