Kani Ram and Anr. v. Smt. Kazani and Ors.

254 **KANI RAM AND ANR.** _v._ **SMT. KAZANI AND** **ORS.** _April_ 19, 1972 (K. S. Hl!GDE, A. N. GROVER AND G. K. MITTER, JJ.] ,. # ' _Delhi_ & _Ajmer Rent Control Act,_ 1952, _s_ _13.-Decree_ _of_ _ejectment_ _passed after compromise between landlord and_ _tenant-Court_ _passing_ _decree satisfied_ _on_ _facts that provisions_ _of_ _s._ 13 _are_ _complied_ _with-_ _Quest'on whether such decree_ _is_ _valid_ _is_ _a mixed question_ _of_ _fact and_ _law_ _**to wh'ch principle**_ _**of**_ _**constructive**_ **res** **judicata** _**applies.**_ J instituted a suit for ejectment and recovery of rent under clauses (a) and (e) of s. 13 of the Delhi & Ajmer Rent Control Act 1952 in respect of a house situate in Delhi, against the tenant. The grounds on which ejectment was sought were non-payment of rent and _bona_ _fide_ personal requirement of ti\e landlord. A decree of ejectment only was passed on the basis of compromise. The decree holder filed ~n ·applica tion _fdr_ execution. The tenant raised objections one of which was that the decree was not based on the findings of the Court but on a compromise and was theref()re a nullity. The Executing Court dismissed the objections and the order was upheld in appeal by the Senior Sub Judge. The High Court dismissed the revision petition. Thereafter the house in question was transferred by sale. A fresh application for execution was filed against the present respondents which was allowed by the Executing Court. An appeal having failed the respondents filed a revision in the High Court. A Single Judge allowed the revision application accepting the respondents plea that the d_ecree was a nullity and rejecting the plea of the decreeholder that the objection was barred by constructive _res_ _judicata._ The latter plea was rejected on the ground that the decision of the courts in the first· set of execution proceedings on the question of validity of the clecree was a pure question of law. The decree holders appealed to this Court with certific)lte. Allowing the appeal, . HLD : The High Court fell into an error in considering that the **decisions of the** **Courts** **in** **the previous execution proceedings involved a** pure question of law. In the judgment of the Senior Subordinate Judge **given** **in** **the** **first** **set** **of** **execution proceedings** **the** **various circumstances** were considered by which the learned judge came to the conclusion that the court which passed the decree for eviction was satisfied that one or more of the groun&; mentioned in s. 13 of the Rent Control Act had been made out. The decision given in the first set of execution proceed**ings** **was** **thus** **not one** **of** **law only** **but** **of** **a mixed question** **of** **law** **and** fact. Such a decision undoubtedly would operate as _res iudicata._ In execution proceedings s. 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure does not apply in terms but the rule of constructive _res_ _judicata_ bas always been applied. [256D, G-HJ In Yiew of the above decision the question whether the decree was a **nu11ity** **did** **not** **survive** **for** **consideration.** _Bahadur Singh_ & _Another_ v. _Muni-Sabrat Dass_ & _Another_ [19681 Z.S. C.R. 432. referred to, _Mathura_ _Prasad_ _Ba;oo_ _Jaiswal_ & _Ors._ v. _Dossibai N._ _B._ _Jee;eebhoy,_ [19701 3 S.C.R. 830, applied. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : C.A. No. 247 of 1971. **A** **B** ### c **D** **E** **F** G **H** **A** KAN! RAM _v._ KAZAN! _(Grover,_ J.) 255 Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated the 27th August, 1970 of the Delhi High Court in Civil Revision No. 554 of 1969. _0._ C. _Mathur_ and _P._ C. _Bhartarl,_ for the appellants. **B** _Sardar Bahadur Saharya, Vishnu Bahadur Saharya_ and _Y ougindra Khushalani,_ for the respondents. The Judgment of the court was delivered by ## c **D** E **F** G **H** **Grover,** **J,** This is an appeal by special leave from a judgment of the Delhi High Court. One Jaigopal instituted a suit for ejectment and recovery of rent under clauses (a) and (e) of s. 13 of the Delhi & Ajmer Rent Control Act 1952 in respect of a house situate in Pahargunj against the tenant. The grounds on which ejectment was sought were non-payment of rent and _bona_ _fide_ personal requirement of the landlord. The suit was resi9ted by the ttmant on various grounds but ultimately on June 2, 1956 a decree for ejectment was passed on the basis or a compromise. The suit with regard to the recovery of arrears of rent was dismissed. On June 6, 1959, the decree holder filed an application for execution of the decree. The tenant raised various objections; one of the objections was that the decree sought to be executed was based on a compromise and not on any findings of the court witli the result that it was a nullity. On September 7, 1960 the Executing Court dismissed the objection and allowed the execution application of the landlord. That order was coniirrned in appeal by the Additional Senior Sub-Judge on October 13, 1961. The judgment-debtor went up in revision but the same was dismissed by Mahajan J. on December 19, 1962. In March 1962, Jaigopal the decree holder sold t share in the house in dispute to Kani Ram and Babu Lal the present appellants before us. The remaining t share was sold by him to one RamjiJal. Jn the year 1963 an execution application was filed by the appellants and Ramjilal after obtaining the necessary orders of the court under Order 21, Rule 16 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In 1969 the appellants also obtained the order of the competent authority under the Slum Areas (Improvement and Clearance) Act to execute the decree for eviction. On February 9, 1968 Ramjilal sold his right, title and interest in a portion of the house in dispute to Tara Chand, one of the judgment-debtors. On July 26, 1968 an application for execution was filed a&ainst the present respondents which was allowed by the Ex:cutmg Court. An appeal against that order by the respondent failed. The matter 256 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 1973] l S.C.R. was taken in revision by the respondent to u1c tllgL. Court and a learned single judge alk>wed the revision application and directed the execution application to be dismissed. There are only two points which require determination. One is whether the matters agitated in the second set of execution proceedings were barred by the applicability of constructive _res_ _judicata._ The other is whether the original decree for ejectment was valid and was not a nullity. The High Court took the view that the decisions of the courts in the first set of execution proceedings did not operate as _res judicata_ as the substantial question involved was purely one of law. According to the High Court a decree for ejectment obtained under the Delhi & Ajmer Rent Control Act on the basis of compromise was a nullity. Although in the previous execution proceedings which ended with the order of Mahajan J., made on December 19, 1962 it-had been held that tht' decree was valid that decision could not bar an objection being raised by the judgment-debtors in the second set of proceedings with regard to the validity of the decree which was a pure question of law. In our judgment the High Court fell into an error in considering that the decision of the courts in the previous execution proceedings ending with the order of Mahajan J., made on December 19, 1962 involved a pure question of law. A perusal of the orders both cf the Executing Court and the first appellate court shows that it was on an examination of the entire facts that the courts arrived at the conclusion that when the decree for ejectment was made the Court had satisfied itself about the existence of the grounds which had been alleged in the petition filed by Le landlord. It is true that s. 13 ( 1) of the Rent Control Act prohibited the court from passing the decree or order for recovery of possession of any premises in favour of a landlord against the tenant unless the court was satisfied that one or more of the ground; given in that provision existed; (See _Bahadur Singh_ _&_ _Another_ v. _Muni_ _Su brat Dass_ _&_ _Another)_ (1). In the judgment of the Senior Subordinate Judge dated October 30, 1961 given in the ·first set of execution proceedings the various circumstances were considered by which the learned judge ca~e to the conclusion that the court which passed the decree for eviction was satisfied that one or more of the grounds mentioned in s. 13 of the Rent Control Act had been made out. The decision given in the first set of execution proceedings was thl!s not one of law only but of a mixed question of law and fact. Such a decision undoubtedly would operate as _res judicata._ In execution proceedings s. 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure does not apply in terms but the rule of constructive _res_ _judil::ata_ has always been applied. Even according to the judgment (I) [1969] 2 S.C.R. 432 A B #### c D E F G H A B #### c KANI RAM _v._ KAZAN! _(Grover,_ J.) 257 of this Coutt in _Mathura Prasad Bajoo Jaiswal_ & _Ors._ v. _Dossibai_ _N. B. Jeejeebhoy(1)_ on which the learned judge of the High Court relied in the judgment under appeal laid down that a mixed question of law and fact ·determined in the earlier proceedings between the same parties could not be questioned in a subsequent proceeding between them. We have no manner of doubt for these reasons that the High Court was wrong in not sustaining the judgment of the Senior Sub-Judge, Delhi, dated November 14, 1969 by which the crder of the ExecutiJllg Co•1rt dated August 23, 1969 had been upheld. In this view of the matter the second point calls for no decision. ##### In the result the appeal is allowed, the order of ft,,. : ligh Court is set aside and that of the courts below restoren. The appellants will be entitled to costs in this Court. G.C. _Appeal allowed._ (1) ~~[1970]~~ ~~3 S.CR. 830.~~