K. P. Thimmappa Gowda v. State of Karnataka

Case Details & Bench

Court: High Court
Hon'ble Judges: Markandey Katju
Gyan Sudha Misra
Judgment Date: 2011-04-04
Court Decision / Holding: Appeal allowed. The impugned judgment and order of the High Court is set aside. The appellant is directed to transfer two acres of land to Rathnamma within three months from the date of this judgment.
Final Disposition: Appeal allowed.

Parties to the Case

Appellants / Petitioners

K. P. Thimmappa Gowda

Respondents

State of Karnataka

Legal Representation & Advocates

Counsels for Petitioners

• Shanth Kr. V. Mahale
• Harish S.R.
• Rajesh Mahale

Counsels for Respondents

• Sanjay R. Hegde

Case Synopsis & Summary

This is a criminal appeal by K. P. Thimmappa Gowda challenging a Karnataka High Court judgment that convicted him under Section 376 IPC for raping Rathnamma, who was stated to be about 18 years old at the relevant time. The FIR was lodged on 4 January 1996, just days before Rathnamma gave birth on 25 January 1996, resulting in a delay of over eight months between the alleged acts and the complaint. The trial court acquitted Gowda; the High Court reversed and convicted him of rape and also imposed a sentence under Section 417 IPC. The prosecution contends Gowda repeatedly engaged in sexual relations with Rathnamma while assuring marriage, arguing that the promise to marry negated consent and established rape, notwithstanding her age. Gowda, however, contends that the record shows consent and that the case cannot be proved beyond reasonable doubt; the delay in filing the FIR and the possibility that Rathnamma was consenting cannot be ignored. The Supreme Court reiterates the criminal-law principle that a defendant is entitled to the benefit of doubt where two reasonable views are possible. After careful consideration of the evidence, the Court finds that the prosecution has not established guilt beyond reasonable doubt. The appeal is allowed, the High Court’s judgment is set aside, and Gowda is directed to transfer two acres of land to Rathnamma as compensation for breach of promise to marry within three months of this judgment.

Provisions of Law Cited

Section 376 IPCSection 417 IPCPenal Code, 1860

Legal Doctrines & Maxims

Benefit of doubt
Two views are reasonably possible
Beyond reasonable doubt

Submissions & Arguments

Contentions of Appellants / Petitioners

The appellant contends that the prosecution has failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt. The FIR was lodged after a substantial delay of over eight months, and the prosecutrix admitted multiple sexual encounters with him, with her age stated as about 18 at the relevant time. The defence argues that consent was given and, given the age of the prosecutrix, sex with a girl above 16 with consent does not necessarily amount to rape. The trial court’s acquittal aligns with the reasonable doubt standard, and the High Court’s reversal on conviction should not stand where the evidence permits two reasonably possible views.

Contentions of Respondents

The State contends that Rathnamma was raped and that Gowda induced marriage by promising to marry, which negates consent and constitutes rape. The timing of the birth and the conduct surrounding the marriage promise support the State’s case. The High Court correctly convicted on the record, and the Supreme Court should uphold the conviction unless the evidence fails the beyond-reasonable-doubt standard.

Extracted Judgment Text

Exact text extracted from official judgment records.

# [2011] 4 S.C.R. 200 A ## K. P. THIMMAPPA GOWDA _v._ B STATE OF KARNATAKA (Criminal Appeal No. 1499 of 2004} APRIL 04, 2011 [MARKANDEY KAT JU AND GYAN SUDHA MISRA JJ.] _PENAL CODE, 1860:_ - c _s. 376 Sexual intercourse with_ a _girl of about 18_ years - _of age on the false promise to marry her Prosecutrix giving_ - _birth to_ a _child after few days of the FIR Acquittal by trial court_ - _Conviction by High Court_ - _Held : In criminal cases_ - _the rule is that the accused is entitled to benefit of doubt If_ D _the court is of opinion that on the evidence adduced two views_ - _are possible, benefit of doubt goes to accused In the instant matter, prosecution has not been able to prove its case_ - _beyond reasonable doubt Accused deserves benefit of_ - - - _doubt Judgment of High Court set aside Criminal Law Benefit of doubt._ E The appellant was prosecuted on the basis of an FIR dated 4.1.1996 for committing an offence punishable u/ s. 376 IPC. The prosecution case was that the appellant had sex with the prosecutrlx several times on the false F promise to marry her. The prosecutrlx gave birth to a child on 25.1.1996. The trlal court acquitted the accused, but the High Court convicted him u/s. 376 IPC and sentenced him to imprisonment for 7 years and to pay a fine of Rs.10,000/-. Aggrieved, the appellant filed the G appeal. ## Allowing the appeal, . the Court H HELD: 1.1. In criminal cases, the rule is that the accused is entitled to the benefit of doubt If the court Is 200 K. P. THIMMAPPA GOWDA _v._ STATE OF 201 . · KARNATAKA of the opinion that on the evidence two views are A reasonably possible, one that t"e appellant is guilty, and the other that he is innocent, then the benefit of doubt goes in favour of the accused. In the instant case, the appellant deserves the benefit of doubt because on . careful consideration of the evidence on record, it cannot B be said that the prosecution has been able to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt. [para 11.-12] [204-H; 205A; 204-G] 1.2. The facts are that the prosecutrix herself stated in her evidence that she had sex with the appellant on C several occasions. It is also an admitted fact that the FIR against the appellant was lodged just a few days before the birth of the child of the prosecutrix, which means there is delay of over 8 months in lodging the FIR. The · finding of the trial court, which has not been disturbed D by the High Court, is that the prosecutrix was about 18 years of age at the relevant time. On these facts a view is reasonably possible that the prosecutrix had sex with the appellant with her consent and hence there was no offence punishable u/s. 376 IPC because sex with a E woman above 16 years of age with her consent is not rape. Impugned judgment and order of High Court is set aside. [para 13•14] [204-B-D] C 1.3. Besides, the appellant has stated in an affidavit filed in this Court that he has agreed to transfer two acres of land due to breach of promise to marry th~ prosecutrlx and she has given her consent to accept the same. The appellant is directed to give/transfer the said land to the prosecutrix. [para 15-16) [204-E-F] F G CRIMINAL APP ELLA TE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 1499 of 2004. From the Judgment Order dated 17.9.2004 of the High Court of Karnataka at Bangalore in Criminal Appeal No. 149 of 1999. H 202 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2011] 4 S.C.R. A Shanth Kr. V. Mahale, H?rish S.R. and Rajesh Mahale for the Appellant. ## Sanjay R. Hegde for the Respondent. **MARKANDEY KATJU, J.** 1. This appeal has been filed B against the impugned judgment dated 17.9.2004 passed by the High Court of Karnataka in Criminal Appeal No. 149 of 1999. 2. The facts of the case have been stated in the impugned judgment of the High Court and the trial court and we are not c repeating the same except where necessary. 3. The trial court had acquitted the appellant in the criminal case, but the High Court reversed the judgment and convicted the appellant under Section 376 IPC and sentenced him to imprisonment of 7 years and a fine of Rs. 10,000/-, and also D sentenced him to imprisonment of 1 year under Section 417 IPC and a fine of Rs. 10,000/-, both sentences to run concurrently. 4. The case of the prosecution is that on 4.1.1996 the E appellant raped one Rathnamma aged 18 years, but he assured her that he would marry her and asked her to keep quiet. It is alleged that subsequently also the appellant had sex with Rathnamma several times and assured her that he would marry her. Rathnamma became pregnant, but the appellant F · refused to marry her. Hence an FIR was registered in the police station on 4.1.1996 against the appellant under Section 376 IPC. 5. In the trial court the appellant contended that Rathnamma was 20 years of age at the relevant time and she G had admitted in her cross-examination that she had sexual intercourse with the appellant nearly 100 times. It was submitted that this showed that she was a consenting party and hence no case under Section 376 IPC is made out against the appellant. Rathnamma's mother Gowramma PW-11 stated in H ## K. P. THIMMAPPA GOWDA _v._ STATE OF 203 KARNATAKA [MARKANDEY KAT JU, J.] her evidence that Rathnamma was 18 Y;9<rs of age. Hence she A was above 16 years of age and there could be no rape since there was consent. 6. The trial court accordingly held that there was no rape as Rathnamma was above 16 years of age and had consented to the act. Subsequently Rathnamma gave birth to a female child on 25.1.1996. B 7. The trial court held that the version of Rathnamma that the appellant gagged her mouth and raped her is not believable. The fact that her child was born on 25.1.1996 means that the C conception was in the month of April, 1995. This was disclosed to her parents somewhere in the month of July or August in 1995 and there was a Panchayat which failed. 8. The complaint was filed on 4.1.1996 i.e. just a few days 0 before the birth of the child and not when the sexual act had taken place. Thus there was a delay of over 8 months in filing the complaint which has not been properly explained. 9. For the reasons given above, the trial court disbelieved the prosecution version and acquitted the appellant. E 10. In the appeal filed by the State Government the High court reversed the finding of the trial court and held that the appellant had raped Rathnamma and had promised to marry her. It was observed that since the accused had given the impression that he would honour his promise of marrying her, this fact was not disclosed by her to anybody, including her mother. F 11. Admittedly, the appellant has married another woman. We are of the opinion that the appellant deserves the benefit G of doubt because on careful consideration of the evidence on record, it cannot be said that the prosecution has been able to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt. 12. In criminal cases, the rule is that the accused is entitled H [2011) 4 S.C.R. ## 204 SUPREME COURT REPORTS - A to the benefit of doubt. If the court is of the opinion that on the evidence two views are reasonably possible, one that the appellant is guilty, and the other that he is innocent, then the benefit of doubt goes in favour of the accused. 13. In the present case, the facts are that Rathnamma 8 herself stated in her evidence that she had sex with the appellant on several occasions. It is also an admitted fact that the FIR against the appellant was lodged just a few days before the birth of Rathnamma's child, which means there is delay of C over 8 months in lodging the FIR. The finding of the trial court, which has not been disturbed by the High Court, is that Rathnamma was about 18 years of age at the relevant time. On these facts a view is reasonably possible that· Rathnamma had sex with the appellant with her consent and hence there was no offence under Section 376 IPC because sex with a D woman above 16 years of age with her consent is not rape. 14. For the reasons given above, the appeal is allowed. The impugned judgment and order of the High court is set aside - E 15. Apart from the above, the appellant has stated in an affidavit filed in this Court that he has agreed to transfer two acres of land situated in Palavanahalli due to breach of promise to marry Rathnamma and she has given her consent to accept the same. F 16.The appellant is directed to give/transfer two acres of land as stated in the affidavit filed before Court to Rathnamma within three months from the date of this judgment. R.P. Appeal allowed.