K. Mohanan, B. Anil Kumar, D.R. Sathyadas and K.V. Bobakumar v. Kerala State Electricity Board Ltd.

## **IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM** ## **PRESENT:** ## **THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE DAMA SESHADRI NAIDU** ## **MONDAY, THE 13TH DAY OF OCTOBER 2014/21ST ASWINA, 1936** ## **WP(C).No. 23966 of 2014 (U)** **----------------------------** ## **PETITIONER(S):** - **-------------** **1. K. MOHANAN** - **ASSISTANT ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL SECTION, KSEB LIMITED,** - **KAMUKINCODE, NEYYATTINKARA DIVISION, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695 123.** **2. B.ANILKUMAR, ASSISTANT ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL SECTION, KSEB LIMITED, AMBURI, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695 505.** **3. D.R.SATHYADAS,** - **ASSISTANT ENGINEER, ELECTRICAL SECTION, KSEB LIMITED,** - **MARANALLUR, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695 521.** **4. K.V.BOBAKUMAR, ASSISTANT ENGINEER, 110 K.V.SUB STATION, KSEB LIMITED, KATTAKKADA, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-695 572.** **BY ADVS.SRI.ELVIN PETER P.J. SRI.T.G.SUNIL (PRANAVAM)** **SRI.K.R.GANESH** **RESPONDENT(S):** - **---------------** **1. THE KERALA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD LTD., REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY, VAIDYUTHI BHAVANAM, PATTOM, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-691004.** **2. THE CHIEF ENGINEER (H.R.M.), KERALA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD LTD., VAIDYUTHI BHAVANAM, PATTOM, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-691004.** **BY SRI.K.S.ANIL, SC, KSEB.** **THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON 13-10-2014, ALONG WITH WP(C)NO.22742/2014 AND CONNECTED CASES THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:** **RVS.** _**WP(C).No. 23966 of 2014 (U)**_ ## **APPENDIX** ## **PETITIONER(S)' EXHIBITS :** **----------------------EXHIBIT P1 : TRUE COPY OF THE RELEVANT EXTRACT OF 1995 LONG TERM SETTLEMENT ENTERED INTO BY KSEB AND THE TRADE UNIONS. EXHIBIT P2 : TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER NO.EB4-120@/1999 DT.7-2-03 ISSUED BY R1. EXHIBIT P3 : TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DT.19-1-05 IN OP 8816/03 OF THIS HON'BLE COURT. EXHIBIT P4 : TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DT.28-5-09 IN WA 447/05 OF THIS HON'BLE COURT. EXHIBIT P5 : TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER NO.EB-4(B)/CCC1229/09 DT.7-6-2011 ISSUED BY R1. EXHIBIT P6 : TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DT.2-7-13 IN WPC 3672/12 OF THIS HON'BLE COURT. EXHIBIT P7 : TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DT.20-2-14 IN WPC 4989/2014 OF THIS HON'BLE COURT. EXHIBIT P8 : TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER 21-4-2014 ISSUED BY THE RESPONDENTS. EXHIBIT P9 : TRUE COPY OF THE REPRESENTATION DT.1-7-2014 SUBMITTED BY 1ST PETITIONER BEFORE THE R2. EXHIBIT P10 : TRUE COPY OF THE REPRESENTATION DT.4-7-2014 SUBMITTED BY THE 2ND PETITIONER BEFORE R2. EXHIBIT P11 : TRUE COPY OF THE REPRESENTATION DT.4-7-2014 SUBMITTED BY THE 3RD PETITIONER BEFORE THE R2. EXHIBIT P12 : TRUE COPY OF THE REPRESENTATION DT.1-9-2014 SUBMITTED BY THE 4TH PETITIONER BEFORE THE R2.** **RESPONDENT(S)' EXHIBITS : ----------------------NIL. RVS.** **/TRUE COPY/** **P.A.TO JUDGE** ## Dama Seshadri Naidu, J. --------------------------------------------- W.P.(C)Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 ---------------------------------------------Dated this the 13[th] day of October, 2014 COMMON JUDGMENT These four writ petitions have been filed by the employees of the first respondent seeking monetary benefits with effect from 23.07.2000 consequent upon their promotion as Overseer (Electrical) with retrospective effect from 15.11.1999. Incidentally, owing to the subsequent developments, some of the petitioners in these writ petitions have been further promoted as Assistant Executive Engineers. In any event, the claim is concerning their position as Overseer. Since all the similarly situated employees working in the same organisation have raised identical issues in the writ petitions against the same set of respondents, all these writ W.P.(C) Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 2 petitions are being disposed of through this common judgment. For felicity and ease of reference, the facts in W.P. (C)No.23966/2014 have been taken as the basis. 2. Briefly stated, all the petitioners were recruited as Meter Readers, the feeder category in the first respondent Board, in and around the year 1996. Next promotion post being Overseer Grade II, it has four feeder categories, namely, (1) Meter Reader, (2) Lineman Grade I, (3) Lineman Grade II and (4) Electrical Worker/Mazdoor. The respondent Board effected promotions in the light of the judgment rendered by this Court in O.P.No.21479/2000. Though the said judgment is not part of the record in W.P.(C)No.23966/2014, it was filed as Exhibit P1 in W.P.(C)No. 23692/2014. The judgment rendered on 01.01.2002, directed the respondent Board to fill up the promotion vacancies. 3. Drawing up from all the four feeder categories, the respondents affected promotions through Exhibit P2 dated W.P.(C) Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 3 07.02.2003. Later, there arose certain disputes regarding the inter se seniority of the promoted employees. Accordingly, the disparity that is said to have crept in to Exhibit P2 was challenged in O.P.No.8816/2003, which was allowed by this court through Exhibit P3 judgment. Though the said judgment was appealed against, the writ appeal was dismissed by a learned Division Bench through Exhibit P4. In compliance with the direction given in Exhibit P3, the respondent Board re-cast the seniority list of the promoted employees through Exhibit P5 dated 07.06.2011. The note appended to Exhibit P5 reiterated that the promotions shall have retrospective notional effect from 15.11.1999. But a specific reference to monetary benefits to be given with effect from 23.07.2000, as had been originally agreed to by the respondent Board, though found in Exhibit P2, has been omitted in Exhibit P5. Aggrieved thereby, the petitioners have approached this Court by filing the present writ petitions. W.P.(C) Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 4 4. Essentially, the writ petitioners simply claimed the application of the judgment of this Court in Exhibits P1 and P3, which was rendered at the behest of similarly placed employees. In both the judgments, this Court has categorically observed that the financial benefit ought to be given with retrospective effect to the employees who had been promoted through Ext.P5. 5. The learned counsel for the petitioners has submitted that the petitioners have been identically placed along with those petitioners in W.P.(C) Nos. 5493 and 3672 of 2012 and 1004 and 9717 of 2014. He has brought to the notice of this Court that in all those cases, this Court issued directions through different judgments that the petitioners therein be paid salary with effect from 23.07.2000, though they have been actually promoted to the post of Overseer through order dated 07.06.2011. In the submission of the learned counsel, there is no differentiating element ## W.P.(C) Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 5 disentitling the petitioners to the same benefit retrospectively, as has been done in the case of the petitioners in the writ petition referred to above. 6. At this juncture, the learned Standing Counsel for the respondent Board has made submissions in tune with the defence the Board has taken in the counter affidavit filed by the 2[nd] respondent. To begin with, the learned Standing Counsel has contended that there are about 375 persons, who have been seeking the same benefit retroactively. According to him, none of these persons actually worked in the cadre of Overseer between 23.07.2000 and 07.06.2011. Their claim to be given retroactive benefit is squarely hit by the well settled judicial dictum of “no work no pay”, as has been upheld in Union of India v. B.M. Jaha (2007(11) SCC 632). The learned Standing Counsel has further stressed that if the present batch of writ petitions is to be allowed, all the other 331 employees, who are also similarly situated would be knocking the doors ## W.P.(C) Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 6 of this Court seeking the same benefit, which in turn would impose a huge financial burden of ` .6,28,98,000/- on the Board. In this regard, the learned counsel has drawn the attention of this Court to a judicial observation in W.P.(C) No. 19133 of 2003, an unreported judgment dated 02.03.2009. 7. In the end, the learned counsel, addressing the issue of extending the benefits retroactively to the employees, who came before this Court in W.P.(C) No. 5493 of 2012 and connected writ petitions, has submitted that they were paid only on account of the judgment rendered by this Court, but not for other reasons. 8. Heard the learned counsel for the petitioners and the learned Standing Counsel for the Kerala State Electricity Board. 9. It is too well established to be re-agitated that once an employee has a particular legal right to be asserted and a legal remedy to be taken recourse to, he shall not be denied W.P.(C) Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 7 the said benefit on the premise that it would entail hardship to his employer. In other words, the right of a person has to be recognised and upheld notwithstanding the consequences that flow therefrom. 10. The submission of the learned Standing Counsel that between 12.03.2000 and 07.06.2011, the petitioners had not been borne in the cadre of Overseer and as such, they would not be entitled to any benefit retroactively on the principle of 'no work no pay', in my considered view, is fallacious. The doctrine of 'no work no pay' finds place in service jurisprudence, especially in the realm of disciplinary proceedings. When a delinquent has been prima facie charged with misconduct, the subsequent exoneration would not wipe out the entire past and any restoration of the benefit would be in the discretion of the authorities or the court as the case may be. Thus, by weighing options and thereby adjusting the equities, the courts usually take recourse to the dictum of 'no W.P.(C) Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 8 work no pay'. In the present instance, the petitioners, who had been eminently suited to be promoted to the post, were denied the said opportunity for no fault of theirs. It is a very well established principle of law that once a clear vacancy is in existence and a particular employee is entitled to be promoted, the denial of promotion on administrative laxity could not work to the prejudice of the employee, and at the end, if the promotion is to be effected, in the facts and circumstances, the benefit could be extended retroactively. That is what this Court has precisely done in the judgment rendered in W.P.(C) No. 5493 of 2004 and connected cases. 11. The other contention of the learned Standing Counsel for the respondent Board that the petitioners in W.P. (C) No. 5493 of 2012 and connected cases have been extended the benefit wholly based on the judgment. This contention is, to my mind, unsound. It is well to remember that a judicial decision is not legislative in nature. It only W.P.(C) Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 9 recognises the rights that inhere in a person, or those that have been in existence, but ignored by the authorities. In the batch of writ petitions referred to above, this Court has held that the petitioners therein were entitled to be promoted but were not promoted. Since the delay in effecting the promotion could not be attributed to the petitioners, this Court, thus, adjusting the equities, has directed the authorities to restore the benefits retroactively. As such, it is not correct to contend that the respondent authorities have been made to extend the benefit based on the judgment, but not otherwise. In the facts and circumstances, I do not see any discernible differentiation between the petitioners in the present batch of writ petitions on one hand and those in W.P. (C) No. 5493 of 2012 and batch on the other, to deny what is otherwise a legitimate benefit to be given to the petitioners retroactively, though. Thus, the writ petitions are allowed. No order as to costs. It is made clear that given the W.P.(C) Nos. 22742, 23519, 23692 & 23966 of 2014 10 administrative exigencies and inevitable delays, this Court desires to fix a time frame in this regard. Accordingly, this Court directs the respondent Board to pay all the monetary benefits to the petitioners with effect from 23.07.2000 within three months from the date of receipt of a copy of this judgment. Sd/- Dama Seshadri Naidu, Judge tkv/rv