K. G. Khosla v. Deputy Commissioner (Commercial Taxes)

K. G. KHOSLA & CO. I'. ###### DEPUTY COMMISSIONER o•· COMMERCIAL TAXES _January_ 18, 1966 ##### [P. B. GAJENDRAGADKAR, c. J., J. c. SHAH, s. M. SIKRI V. RAMASWAMI AND SATYASARAYA1'A RAJU, JJ.) _Central_ Sc.In Ta.t _Act,_ 1956 (64 _of_ 1956), _s._ 5(2)-Sai<r _in_ _tlu courSI_ _of_ _i1nport_ 1"1t•a11in~ _of._ The ap_pellant enlered into a contract wj1h the Direclor-General _ot_ Civil Su~phe"· New Delhi far the supply of .xle bodies manufactured by 1t5 pnnc1pals 1n Belgium. -rhc goods 1,1,·crc in:;pectctl on behalf of the buyer~ in Bel~iun1 but under the contract they were liable to rejection after further in,;pe...:tion in India. In pur5uance of the contract the appellant supplied axle·bodie• to the Southern Railway at Perambur and Mysore. 'fhe Joint Comn1l!rcial Tax ~)nicer Madras rejectt.-d the con. tention of the appellant th;,i,t the salel ~ere in the cour~e of import. He held that the said sales \Vere intra-State sales because the seller wa-; thlJ consignee of the good:; and the buyer h41.d reserved the right to reject the goods even afler their arriv;i( in lndi:i. He made ;,in assessment under the Madras General Sale-; Tax Act in respect of 1he -;upplics at Pcr<unbur and another a~ssmcnt under ihc- Central Sales ·rax Ac1 in respect of the supplies at Myo;orc. ·rhe ;ippellant tiled ;1ppealo; against the as.;e-;~menl! but the Appellant Assi~tant Comn1bsioner rejected them. 'fhe Tribunal held that part of' the gooJ_,,~·ere sold in the course of import. Again~t the Tribunal's orders both parties file<l tv•o revi~ion:; each in the High Court. The High Court allO\\·ed the petitioni filed by the State and rejcc;eJ tho~e filed hy the asses,ee. It held that '"before a sale c:in he s<iid to h;1\'e occasioned the import it is nece .. -;ary that the S<1le c;hould have prcccc.led tho import" and as the sale had not taken placl! at Belgium there "-'<l'i no quc~­ tion of sale occasioning the import of the good<:;. The appellant then came to this C'-0urt by speci.:il leave. On behalf of the re.;pondents two preliminary objection" v.·e-e r.liscd : ( 1) The appr.:llant had no£ complied with O.Xlll r. 2 of the Supreme Court Rules, 1950 before coming to this Court; (2) The appellant h;id filed only two appeal< in this Court whilo the High Court's judgment !..:overed four re\'ision pctition'i. HELD : (i) 'lhe appellant had not filed a petition for certificale before the Madras High Court as required hy O.XllI r. 2 becau'ie of the view of that High Court that no c;uch petition lay in Revenue matters. There· fore non-compliance wilh 0.Xlll r. 2 could he condoned. (ii) Two revisions were filed in the High Court by the •ppellont and two by the State in respect of tY.'O assessment orders and they were disposed of by a common judgn1ent. The subject matler of lhe four revisions were two assegsmcnts, one under the Madras General Sates Tax Act and the other under the Central Sal"' Tax Act. The appellant was quite right in tiling two appeals before this Court. [356 B-D] "(tii) Section 5(2) of the Central Sales Tax Act does not lay down any condilion that before a sa1e could be said to have occasil)fled import it _i!_ A B ###### c D E F G H I ~ ,.. K. G. KHOSLA _v._ DY. COMMR. _(Sikri, J.)_ 353 A necessary that the sale should have preceded the import. Tho High Court wrongly held so. [358 D-E] _Tata Iron_ & _Steel Co. Ltd._ v. _S._ R. _Sarkar,_ [1961] I S. C. R. 379, **relied on.** B ###### c D _The Cement Marketing Co._ _of India_ v. _State_ _of Mysore,_ [1963] 3 S.C.R. 777 _State Trading Corporation_ _of India_ v. _State_ _of Mysore,_ [1963] 3 S.C.R. **792** _**and Singareni Collieries Co,**_ **v.** _**Commissioner**_ _**of**_ _**Commercial Taxes,**_ _Hyderabad,_ [1966] 2 S.C.R. 190, referred to. (iv) Jn the present case it was quite clear from the contract that it **wa-s** **incidental** **to** **the** **contract that** **the** **axle-box bodies. would be manufac-** **tured** **in** **Belgium, inspected** **there,** **and** **imported** **into** **India for the con-** **signee.** **Movement** **of** **goods** **from** **Belgium to India** wa5 **in** **-pursuance** **of** **the conditions of** **the** **contract between the assessee** **and** **the D!fector-Gene-** ral of Supplies. There was no possibility of those good• being diverted by **the assessee for any other purpose. Consequently the** **saleg** **took place in the** couroe of import of goods within •· 5(2) of the Act and were therefore exempt from taxation. [358 Fi CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 143 and 144 of 1965. Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order date August 16, 1963 of the Madras High Court in Tax Cases Nos. 100, 219, 220 and 225 of 1962. _Veda_ _Vyasa_ and _K._ _K._ _Jain,_ for the appellant. E _A. Ranganadham Chetty_ and _A._ _V._ _Rangam,_ for the respon· dent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by F G **H** Slkri, J. These two appeals by special leave are directed against the judgment of the Madras High Court in Tax Cases Nos. 100, 219, 220 and 225 of 1962, and involve the interpretation of s. 5(2) of the Central Sales Tax Act (64 of 1956)-hereinafter referred to as the Act. The relevant facts are these. The appellant K. G. Khosla & Co., hereinafter referred to as the assessee entered into a contract with the Director-General of Supplies and Disposal, New Delhi, for the supply of axle-box bodies. According to the contract the goods were to be manufactured in Belgium, and the D.G.I.S.D., London, or his representative, was to inspect the goods at the works of the manufacturers. He was to issue an inspection certificate. Another inspection by the Deputy Director of Inspections, Ministry of W.H. & S., Madras, was provided for in the contract. It was his duty to issue inspection notes on Form No. WSB.65 on receipt of a copy of the Inspection Certificate from the D.G.I.S.D. London and after verification and visual inspection. The goods were to be manufactured according to specifications by M/s La Brugeoies. ET. Nivelles, Belgium. Thee 354 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 1966] 3 S.C.R. assessee was entitled to be paid 90 % after inspection and delivery of the stores to the consignee and the balance of 10% wa! payable on final acceptance by the consignee. In the case of deliveries on F.O:R. basis, the assessee was entitled to 90 % payment after inspection on proof of despatch and balance 10 % after receipt of stores by the consignees in good condition. The date of delivery was "in 8 months ex-your principal's works from the date of receipt of order and the approved working drawings, _i.e._ delivery in India by 31-7-1957, or earlier." The assessee was entirely responsible for the execution of the contract. Clause 17(1) of the Contract provides: "The Contractor is entirely responsible for the execution of the contract in all respects in accordance with the terms and conditions as specified in the A/T and the schedule annexed thereto. Any approval which the Inspector may have given in respect of the stores, materials or other particulars and the work or workmanship involved in the contract (whether with or without test carried out by the contractor's Inspector) shall not bind the purcha!er and notwithstanding any approval or acceptance given by the Inspector, it shall be lawful for the consignee or the stores on behalf of the Purchaser to reject the stores on arrival at the destination, if it is found that the stores supplied by the contractor are not in confirmity with the terms and conditions of the Contract in all respects." Further, the assessee was responsible for the safe arrival of the goods at the destination. By an endorsement the D.G.l.S.D., London, was requested to issue pre-inspection delay reports regularly to all concerned, including the Railway Liaison Officer, C/o D.G.S. & D. Shahjahan Road, New Delhi. He was also requested to endorse copies of the Inspection Certificates to the Director of Inspection, Ministry of W.H. & S. Bombay. It is further found by the Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal that "the Belgian manufacturers, after manufacture, consigned the goods to the appellants by ship under bills of lading in which the consignee was the appellants themselves. The goods were consigned to Madras Harbour, cleared by the appellant's own clearing agents and despatched for delivery to the buyers thereafter." In pursuance of this contract, the asscssee supplied axle-box bodies of the value of Rs. 1,74,029.50 to the Southern Railway at Perambur Works and of the value of Rs. 1,32,987.75 to Southern Railway, Mysore. The Joint Commercial Tax Officer held that the former sales were liable to tax under the Madras General Sales Tax Act and the latter under the Central Sales Tax Act. **He** rejected the contention of the asscssee that the sales were in the . course of import. He held that "there was no privily of contract **A** **B** ###### c **D** E F G **H** ' ' #### **1** ' ## . ##### _., A ,. .. ~ ###### .. - / ##### ' B ###### c D E F G H K. G. KHOSLA _V._ DY. COMMR. _(Sikri,_ _J.)_ 355; between the foreign seller and the Government for the goods .. The goods were shi\,ped only as the goods of the seller and intended for them. They were cleared as their own and delivered after clearance. The transaction is therefore one of intra-state sales. and not one in the course of import. The sale is completed only when the goods are delivered in this state and so it is not occasioning the import. It is also seen from the contract of sale that the terms of delivery are F.0.R. Madras. Again Cl. (1) of the contract says that any approval where the Inspector may have given in respect of stores materials or other particulars and the work or workmanship involved in the contract shall not bind the purchaser and notwithstanding any approval or acceptance given by the Inspector it shall be lawful for the consignee of the stores on behalf of the purchaser to reject the stores on arrival at the destination. It will be seen from the words underlined by me that the purchaser has reserved the right to reject the goods even though an inspection of the goods might have been made. So there is no force in the argument of the dealer that the goods were appropriated to the contract of sale." The assessee filed two appeals but the Appellate Assistant Commissioner, agreeing with the Joint Commercial Tax Officer, rejected the appeals. The Appellate Tribunal on appeal held that the property in the goods had not passed on to the buyers even while the goods were with the Belgian manufacturers and that the sale by the appellants had not occasioned the imports. The Tribunal, however, accepted the contention of the assessee that sales. to the extent of Rs. 22,983 · 75 and Rs. !0,987.50 had taken place in the course of import as the goods had been appropriated to the contract while the goods were on the high seas. The assessee then filed two revisions before the High Court and the Deputy Commissioner of Commercial Taxes, Madras filed two revisions challenging the deductions of the two sums of Rs. 22,983 ·75 and Rs. 10,987 · 50. The High Court allowed the petitions filed by the State and dismissed the petitions filed by the assessee. It rejected the contention of the assessee that the property in the goods must be deemed to have passed at the stage when the goods were approved by the representative in the factory of the manufacturers at Balgium. The High Court further rejected the contention of the assessee that the sale by the assessee to the· Government Department had occasioned the import on the ground that "before a sale can be said to have occasioned the import, it is ncccs,ary that the sale should have preceded the import", and as the sale had not taken place at Belgium there was no question of the sale occasioning the import of the goods. Before we deal with the merits of the appeals, we must dispose of two preliminary objections raised by Mr. Ranganadham Chetty. 356 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1966] 3 S.C.R. -0n behalf of the respondents. Basing himself on _Management_ _of_ A _Ilindusthan Commercial Bank Ltd._ v. _Bhagwan Dass(')_ he urged that the assessee should have filed an application for leave to appeal before the High Court before applying for special leave. We see no force in this objection. It is common ground that the Madras High Court had at the relevant time consistently taken the view that no application for leave to appeal to Supreme Court lay before B the High Court in matters involving revenue. In these circumstances we dispense with the requirement of Order XIII, r. 2 of the Supreme Court Rules, and overrule the objection. The second preliminary objection raised by him was that the assessec should have filed four appeals and not two appeals because there were four ###### revision petitions before the High Court. We see no force in this c objection also. Two revisions were filed by the assessce and two by the State in respect of two assessment orders and they were disposed of by one common judgment. The subject matter of the four revisions were two assessments, one under the Madras General Sales Tax Act and the other under the Central Sales Tax Act. In our opinion, the assessce was qtiitc right in filing two appeals before this Court. D B ###### c D The learned counsel for the assessce Mr. Ved Vyasa, raised two points before us : First that the 'ales were in the course of import within the meaning of s. 5(2) of the Act; and secondly that the property in the goods passed in Belgium and consequently the sales were outside the State within the meaning of art. 286(1) (a) of the Constitution. As we are of the opinion that the asscssce must succeed on the first point it will not be necessary to deal with the second point. Section 5(2) of the Central Sales Tax Act provides : "5(2) A sale or purchase of goods shall be deemed to take place in the course of the import of the goods into the territory of India only if the sale or purchase either occasions such import or is effected by a transfer of documents of title to the goods before the goods have crossed the customs frontiers of India." Section 3 of the Act, which deals with inter-state trade and commerce may also be set out as it employs the same terminology and has been interpreted by this Court. S. 3 reads : "A sale or purchase of goods shall be deemed to take place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce if the 'ale or purchase (a) occasions the movement of goods from one State to another; or (I) ~~(I965j 2 S.C.R.~~ ~~2~~ 65. E F G H ### · ·~. 357 A K. G. KHOSLA _V._ DY. COMMR. _(Sikri,_ J.) (b) is effected by a transfer of documents of title to the goods during their movement from one State to another." ~, It is not necessary to set out the two Explanations to s. 3. •' It seems to us that the expression "occasions the movement B of goods" occurring in s. 3(a) and s. 5(2) must have the same meaning. In _Tata_ _Iron_ _and Steel_ _Co._ _Ltd. Bombay_ v. S. _R. Sarkar,(')_ Shah, J. speaking for the majority, interpreted s. 3 as follows: "In our view, therefore, within clause (b) of section 3 are included sales in which property in the goods passes during the movement of the goods from one State to another by transfer of documents of title thereto: clause (a) of section 3 covers sales, other than those included in clause (b), in which the movement of goods from one State to another is the result of a covenant or incident of the contract of sale, and property in the goods passes in either State." These observations of Shah, J., were cited with appreval by this Court in _The Cement Marketing_ _Co._ _of India_ v. _The State of Mysore(2)._ This case, it is true, was not dealing with the Central Sales Tax Act, but the Court was dealing with a similar question arising 1mder art. 286 of the Constitution, before its amendment. But the same Bench, in dealing with a case arising under the Act _(The State Trad-_ _ing_ _Corporation of India_ v. _The_ _State_ _of Mysore<'>)_ again approved of the observations in _Tata Iron and Steel_ _Co._ _caseOl._ Sarkar, _I.,_ observed thus: "The question then is, did the sales occasion the movement of cement from another State into Mysore within the meaning of the definition? In _Tata Iron and Steel Co.,_ _Ltd._ v. S . _. R._ _Sarkar<'J_ it was held that a sale occasions the movement of goods from one State to another within section 3(a) of the ce·ntral Sales Tax Act, when the movement "is the result of a covenant or incident of the contract of sale." That the cement concerned in the disputed sales was actually moved from another State into Mysore is not denied. The respondents only contend that the movement was-not the result of a covenant in or an incident of the contract of sale." This Court then, on the facts of the case, found that the movement of cement from another State into Mysore was the result of a covenant in the contract of sale or incident of such contract. This Court did not go into the question as to whether the property had (I) [1961] I S.C-R. 379 : II S.T.C. 655. (2) [1963] 3 S.C.R. 777: 14 STC. 175. (3) [1963] 3 S.C.R. 792: 14 S.T.C- 188. - -' ###### c D E F G H # 358 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1966] 3 S.C.R. [, ] passed before the movement of the goods or not, and this was be· A cause according to the decision in _Tata Iron and Steel_ _Co._ v. S. _R._ _SarkarC'>_ it did not matter whether the property passed in one State or the other. _Tata Iron_ & _Steel_ Co.C [1] - case was again followed by this Court in _Singareni Collieries_ _Co._ v. _Commissioner_ _of Com-_ _mercial Taxes, Hyderabad(')._ The learned counsel for the respondent, Mr. A. Ranganadham Chetty, invited us to hold that the observations of Shah, J., in _Tata Iron and Steel_ _Co._ { [1] ) case were _obiter,_ and to consider the question afresh. We are unable to reopen the question at this stage. Shah, J., was interpreting s. 3 of the Act, and although the Court was principally concerned with the interpretation of s. 3{b), it was necessarv to consider the interpretation of s. 3{a) in order to arrive at the correct interpretation of s. 3(b). Further these observations were approved in _The_ _Cement Marketing_ _Co._ _of India_ v. _The State_ _of Mysore('), The State Trading Corporation_ _of !11dia,_ v. _The State_ _of Mysore(')_ and _Singareni Collieries_ _Co._ v. _Com-_ _missioner_ _of Commercial Tax, Hyderabad(')._ In the _State Trading_ _Corporation(•)_ case, in so far as the assessment for the assessment year 1957-58 was concerned, this Court applied the principles laid down in _Tata Iron and Steel Co.(_ _[1]_ _)_ case. Accordingly we hold that the High Court was wrong in holding that before a sale could be said to have occasioned import it is necessary that the sale should have preceded the import. The next question that arises is whether the movement of axle-box bodies from Belgium into Madras was the result of a covenant in the contract of sale or an incident of such contract. It seems to us that it is quite clear from the contract that it was incidental to the contract that the axle-box bodies would be manufactured in Belgium, inspected there and imported into India for the consignee. Movement of goods from Belgium to India was in pursuance of the conditions of the contract between the assessee and the Director-General of Supplies. There was no possibility of these goods being diverted by the assessee for any other purpose. Consequently we hold that the sales took place in the course of import of goods within s. 5(2) of the Act, and are, therefore, exempt from taxation. In the result the appeals are allowed, the judgment of the High Court reversed and the assessment orders quashed. The appellant will have his costs here and in the High Court. One set of hearing fee. B ###### c D E F G H ##### ----·---··- (!) (1961) l S.C.R. 379: 11 S.T.C. _655._ (3) [1963] 3 S.C.R. 777: 14 S.T.C. 175. _Appeals allowed._ (2) (1966] 2 S.C.R. 190. (4) (1963] 3 S.C.R. 792: 14 S.T.C. 188.