JAYKRISHNA INDUSTRIES LTD. THROUGH DIRECTOR v. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND OTHERS

(2017] ll S.C.R. 104 A # JAYKRISHNA INDUSTRIES LTD. THROUGH DIRECTOR v. ## STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND OTHERS B (Civil Appeal No. 496 of 2007) NOVEMBER 13, 2017 **[RANJAN GOGOI AND NAVIN SINHA, JJ.J** _Au<'lion:_ c _Public auction_ - _Pmvisional acceptance of bid of appellant_ - _25% of tender amount deposired by appellant_ - _In the meantime respondent approached High Court for permission for submission of higher bid than the appella111, without making the appellant party therein_ - _High Court granted permission_ - _Bid of respondem_ D _provisionally accepted_ - _Provisional acceptance of bid of the appellant, was cancelled on 07.05.2005_ - _Writ petitions by appellant challenging acceptance of bid of respondent and rejection of his hid_ - _High Court dismissed the petitions_ - _On appeal, held: Claim of respondent for settlement of a Govemment property by way of private largesse, without open advertisement is unfounded in law_ - E _Belated challenge to cancellation of bid by the appellant was right(v rejected in view of the i111ervening developments (i.e. change in pennissible usage of the landji·om commercial to residential)-Since the ve1y substatum of the aucrion advertisement has changed, a_ - _fresh tender is mandatory Direction to refund the deposited money to responde111 without any i11terest and to appellant with 8% interest._ F _Evidence Act, 1872:_ _s. !14(e)_ - _presumption under_ - _In respect of Government communication_ - _Held: there shall be a presumption in law that a Government communication was properly made and reached the_ G _addressee._ ## **Dismissing the appeals, the Court** > **HELD: 1. The claim of the Respondent for settlement of a government property by way of a private** laq~cs~c, **withou1 open advertisement, is completely unfounded in the law. Apparently,** H 104 JAYKRISHNA INDUSTRIES LTD. THR. DIRECTOR v. STATE 105 OF MAHARASHTRA AND ORS. the negotiations were done by MHADA under political influence A as evident from the letter of the Respondent dated 29.11.2004 read with the letter dated 30.04.2005 of one Member of Parliament. The Respondent had not submitted any bid in . response to the advertisement. The order of the High Court dated 23.12.2004 was passed in absence of the Court being B apprised of the provisional acceptance of the Appellant's bid. The p_lea that the Respondent was never made aware of the order of cancellation dated 22.02.2000 merits no consideration as it was also revealed in the counter affidavit of the State of Maharashtra dated 11.07.2005 in Writ Petition No. 2112 of 2005. The cancellation order was addressed to MHADA and copy marked C to the Respondent. There shall be a presumption in law that il government communication was properly made and reached the addressee, under Section ll4 (e) of the. Evidence Act. It is not the case of the Respondent that the order never came to be Issued and remained in the file. The Respondent despite awareness D never challenged the cancellation and which sets at naught its entire claim. Any offer made to the Respondent in teeth of, and after the cancellation was therefore redundant. [Para 9)[109-BE] A 2. The bid of the Appellant was provisionally accepted. No final allotment was made in its favour under the advertisement dated 17.11.2004. MHADA was inhibited from proceeding further in view of the Court order dated 23.12.2004 in favour of the Respondent. MHADA in its affidavit dated 24.06.2005, in Writ Petition No. 2112 of 2005 preferred by the Appella_nt, had disclosed the cancellation of the provisional acceptance by order dated 07.05.2005. There shall likewise be a presumption with regard to the issuance and delivery of the same to the Appellant and it is not its case that no such order was ever made or issued. The belated challenge to the cancellation in Writ Petition No. 867 of 2010 was therefore rightly rejected by the High Court on account of the intervening developments with regard to the change in permissible usage of the land from commercial to residential. [Para 10][109-F-H; HO-A] E F G 3. The change in permissible land usage goes to the mot of the matter. If the very substratum of the advertisement bas H 106 [2017] 11 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS - A changed, a ftesh tender is mandatory. The passage of thirteen long years since the advertisement is also an important consideration. The Notification dated 03.07.2017 issued under DCR Regulation 33(5) inter alia altering the FSI is at the final stage awaitiD1g publication. The bid price today for that reason will also cs~alate considerably. The State Government and - B MHADA have denied any fresh negotiated settlement with the Appellant. The interim order of this Court dated 04.09.2014 was not a _ct1rte hilmclw_ for a mandatory settlement with the Appellant. The High Court has noticed that the value of the property now would be approximately 75 crores. In the land starved city of - C Mumbai, the settlement of any Government land, for a housing project, bus to be by public auction only, so us to fetch the best price in the larger public interest. [Para 11)(110-B-D] 4. The Respondent has only itself to blame for its woes, based on a conduct that cannot be countenanced in law. It is - D therefore not entitled to any interest on the deposit made by it which shall l>e refunded by MHADA within four weeks. The A11pellant is found to have been wronged, but must bear part of the blame for !aches on its part also. It is therefore held entitled to interest @ 8% on the deposit made by it including the earnest money, only till 24.06.2005. (Para 121 [110-E] - E - CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 496 of - 2007. From the Judgment and Order dated 17.10.2005 of the High Court ofJudicatw·e at Bombay (Original Side) in Writ Petition No. 2112 of 2005 with Writ Petition No. 3466 of2004 F ## WITH - C.A.Nos.498, 18489and 18492of2017. - Shekhar Naphade, Sanjay Hegdc, M. L. Varma, Sr. Advs., - G Kamatdeep Dayal, Mahesh Agarwal, Ms. Parul Shukla, Moojaal Bhatt, Himanshu Satija. E. C. Agrawala, Viraj Kadam. Rohit Shctty, D. M. Nargolkar. Ms. Bina Gupta, Chirag M. Shroff, Ms. Neha Sangwan, V. N. Raghupathy, Mahaling Pandargc, Nishant Katncshwarkar, Advs. for the appearing parties. H 107 # JAYKRISHNA INDUSTRIES LTD .. THR. DIRECTOR v. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND ORS. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by A **NAVIN SINHA, J.** l. Leave granted in both Special Leave Petitions. 2. The present batch of appeals, between the same parties, arise from a controversy relating to auction settlement by the Mumbai Housing and Arca Development Board (hereinafter referred to as "the MHADA"), of a plot ofland measuring 10,000 sq. mtrs, located at Powai, in the town of Mumbai. The auction notice published on I 7.11.2004, remains inconclusive, mired in litigation. The subsequent developments being relevant arc also required to be noticed. The contesting parties, Mi s.Popcorn Properties Private Limited and Mis. Jaykrishna Industries Ltd., shall hereinafter be referred to as the Appellant and Respondent for convenience. B c 3. Sri Shckhar Naphadc, learned Senior Counsel for the Appellant submitted that it being the highest bidder at Rs.22,22,22,300/-, provisional acceptance of the bid was communicated to it on 17.12.2004. As required, 25% of the tender amount was deposited on 03.01.2005, awaiting D communication for deposit of the balance 75% amount. On 03.05.2005, the Appellant objected to MHADAillegally negotiating settlement of the subject lands with the Respondent. Writ Petition No. 2112 of2005 was instituted assailing the action of the official Respondents in provisionally accepting the bid of the Respondent for Rs.22,23,22,300/-. The order E dated 17.12.2004 was subsequently wrongly cancelled on 07.05.2005, and which was also assailed by the Appellant in Writ Petition No. 867 of 2010. 4. The Respondent had earlier preferred Writ Petition No. 3466 of2004 and obtained an orderon 23.12.2004 for submission of a higher bid. The Appellant was not a party to the same. The High Court was not apprised that the Appellant's bid already stood provisionally accepted. Upon being apprised of the correct facts, the order dated 23.12.2004 was recalled which automatically results in revival of the order of acceptance of the appellant's provisional bid. The High Court wrongly declined to interfere with the order dated 07.05.2005 ordering a fresh tender process for settlement. 5. Shri Naphade, in the aforesaid facts further submitted that the Appellant also had a right in equity for settlement in its favour, especially · in view of the interim orderofthis Court dated 04.09.2014 permitting it to make a fresh proposal to the MHADA, arid wlfich has been found F G H 108 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2017] l l S.C.R. A acceptable by it. MHADAhad acted inequitably, on political influences, to cancel its bid at the behest of the Respondent, who was not even a bidder in rcspol[lse to the tender notice. The Appellant has had to suffer forno fault ofit, despite being the highest bidder. An alternative submission was made that if fresh tenders were to be invited, the right of the first refusal must be' given to it for matching the highest offer that may be B made. The second alternative submissmn was that 25 percent of the plot be settled with it. The present case, on its peculiar facts, was a fit case where the norrnal rule of settlement by tender could be deviated from and settlement could be made by private negotiation. 6. Mr. Sanjay Hegde, learned Senior Counsel for the Respondent c submitted that even prior to the advertisement dated 17.11.2004. the Respondent had a pre-existing right to settlement as it was already in negotiation with MHADA, culminating in orders dated 05.07.1999 and 05.10.1999 in its favour. This was recognised in Writ Petition No. 3466 of2004 permitting it to offer a higher bid. On 15.02.2005, the Respondent D offered to increase its bid by Rs. I 0,00.000/- above that of the Appellant and payment was made on 02.05.2005. The challenge by the Appellant to the cancellation dated 07 .05.2005 was highly belated. The Appellant had no locus in the matter after the cancellation order. The cancellation order having been declined interference, the question of any private negotiation docs not arise. A like claim in equity was also raised for an E oppo1tunity to pay the market price and match the price that may be offered by the Appellant. 7. Learned Counsel for the State of Maharashtra submitted that the order dated 05.07.1999 on which the Respondent's claim is founded has itself been annulled on 22.02.2000, and which has not been assailed. F Sri M.L. Verma, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf ofMHADA, ·submitted that the advc1tiscment dated 17 .11.2004 was for construction of a hotel according to the theri permissible commercial usage of the plot. The subsequent change in permissible usage to residential purpose for construction of a housing complex renders the entire controversy infructuous. A new advertisement for auction at the best price available G will have to be made. Considerable time has also passed since the advertisement. The OCR Regulation 33(5) under the Development Control Regulations for Greater Bombay, 1991 (hereinafter referred to as "the Regulations") with regard to increase in FSl has not yet been finalized and published. It was specifically denied that any decision had H been taken to make settlement in favour :if the Appellant. H JAYKJUSHNA INDUSTRIES LTD. THR. DIRECTOR v. STATE 109 OF MAHARASHTRA AND ORS. [NAVIN SINHA. J.] 8. We have considered the submissions.on behalf of the parties, perused the records, including the impugned orders and the communications exchanged between the parties. A 9. The claim of the Respondent for settlement of a government property _bi_ way of a private largesse, without open advertisement, is completely unfounded in the law. Its letter dated 30.06.1999 requesting B for a sympathetic consideration for settlement with it, as otherwise the property was likely to be occupied by encroachers, is but a travesty of the law. Apparently, the negotiations were done by MHADA under political influence as evident from the letter of the Respondent dated 29.11.2004 read with the letter dated 30.04.2005 of one Mr. Mohan Rawle, Member of Parliament. The Respondent had not submitted any[c ] bid in response to the.ad.vertisement. The order of the High Court dated 23.12.2004 was passed in absence of the Court being apprised of the provisional acceptance of the Appellant's bid. The plea that the Respondent was never made aware of the order of cancellation dated 22.02.2000 merits no consideration as it was also revealed in the counter D affidavit of the State of Maharashtra dated l 1.07.2005 in Writ Petition No. 2112 of 2005. The cancellation order was addressed to MHADA and copy marked to the Respondent. There shall be a presumption in law that a government communication was properly made and reached the addressee, under Section 114 (c) of the Indian Evidence Act. It is E _no(_ the case of the Respondent that the order never came to be issued and remained in the file. The Respondent despite awareness never challenged the cancellation and which sets at naught its entire claim. Any offer made to the Respondent in teeth of, and after the cancellation was therefore redundant. IO. The bid of the Appellant was provisionally accepted. No final allotment was made in its favour under the advertisement dated 17. I I .2004. MHADA was inhibited from proceeding further in view of the Court order dated 23.12.2004 in favour of the Respondent. MHADA in its affidavit dated 24.06.2005, in Writ Petition No. 2112 of 2005 preferred by the Appellant, had disclosed the cancellation of the provisional acceptance by order dated 07.05.2005. There shall likewise be a presumption with regard to the issuance and delivery of the same lo the Appellant and it is not its case that no such order was ever made or issued. The belated challenge to the cancellation in Writ Petition No. 867 of2010 was therefore rightly rejected by the High Com1 on account F G H 110 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2017] l l S.C.R. A of the intervening developments with regard to the change in permissible usage of the land from commercial to residential. 11. The change in permissible land usage by Resolution No.6684 dated 20.10.2014 is a fundamental issue which goes to the root of the matter. If the very substratum of the advertisement has changed, a fresh B tender is mandatory. The passage of thirteen long years since the advertisement is also an important consideration. The Notification dated 03.07.2017 issued under OCR Regulation 33(5) inter alia altering the FSI is at the final slage awaiting publication. The bid price today forthat reason will also escalate considerably. The State Government and MHADAhavc denied any fresh negotiated settlement with the Appellant. c The interim order of this Court dated 04.09.2014 was not a carte blanche for a mandatory settlement with the Appellant. The High Court has noticed that the value of the property today would be approximately 75 crores. In the land starved city of Mumbai, the settlement of any government land, for a housing project, has to be by public auction only, so as to fetch D the best price in the larger public interest. 12. The Respondent has only itself to blame for its woes, based on a conduct that cannot be countenanced in law. It is therefore not entitled to any interest on the deposit made by it which shall be refunded by MHADA within four weeks. The Appellant is found to have been E wronged, hut must bear part of the blame for !aches on its part also .. It is therefore held entitled to intercst@8% on the deposit made by it including the earnest money, only till 24.06.2005; to be paid within six weeks. 13. In the entirety of the matter. all the appeals lack merit and are dismiss~-d. **Kalpuna K. Tripathy** **Appeals dismissed.**