Income Tax Officer, Cuttack and Ors. v. Biju Patnaik

A B INCOME TAX OFFICER, CUTTACK AND ORS. _v._ BIJU PATNAIK DECEMBER 7, 1990 [KULDIP SINGH AND K. RAMASWAMY, JJ.] _Income_ _Tax Act,_ _1961: Sections 147_ _&_ _148--Condition Prcedent_ _for exercise of jurisdiction by_ _I._ _T. 0._ The respondent•assessee was assessed to income tax for the assessment year 1957-58 ending with f"mancial year March 31, 1957. SubseC quently, it came to the notice of the Income Tax Officer that the assessee bad not shown in bis return a sum of Rs.15 Iakbs which be bad earned as capital gains by the sale of bis mining business. According to the assessee, the transfer of the business bad been made on 31.3.1956 and as such the capital gain was not Ieviable to taxation since capital gain D was not subjected to taxation in the assessment year 1956-57. But from the informaation available with the Income Tax Officer it appeared that the transfer of business took place on 3.11.1956. On the basis of this information the Income Tax Officer, with the approval of the Commissioner of Income Tax, issued notice to reopen E the assessment in question under sections 147 (a) and 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The assessee challenged the notice by way of writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution which was dismissed by the learned Single Judge. On appeal, the Division Bench, while upholding the exerF cise of the power under section 147 (a) of the Act, held that the income derived by the respondent was towards sale of goodwill and, therefore, the income was not liable to capital gains tax. On behalf of the assessee it was contended before this Conrt that (i) the sum received by him was consideration for the transfer of the G goodwill of the business as an ongoing concern; (ii) the Income Tax Officer bad no reason to believe that the income bad escaped assessment for that year; and (iii) the satisfaction arrived at by the Income-Tax Officer under section 147(a) did not exist on the facts of the case, and the Income-Tax Officer merely communicated the notice without complying with the provisions of section 147(a) read with section 148 of the H Act. 488 I.T.0. _v._ BIJU PATNAIK 489 Allowing the appeal, setting aside the judgment of the Division A Bench and restoring that of the Single Judge, this Court, HELD: (1) Section 147 (a) of the Income Tax Act postulates two conditions, namely, that the Income-Tax Officer must, on the basis of material facts on record, prima facie, be satisfied that the income of the assessee is exigible to tax for that relevant assessment year and that he B had reason to believe that it bad escaped assessment. Further, be must have reason to believe that the escapement of income was on account of the omission or failure of the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all the material facts necessary for the assessment. Both the conditions are conditions precedent to the exercise of the jurisdiction # under section 147 (a) read with section 148. [492B-C] c _Calcutta Discount Co._ _Ltd._ v. _I.T.O.,_ (1961] 41I.T.R.191 (SC), referred to. (2) It is true that the notice does not prima facie disclose the satisfaction of the two conditions precedent enjoined under section 147 D (a), but in the counter affidavit f"tled by the Income-Tax Officer in the High Court, he has stated all the material facts. It is settled law that in an administrative action, though the order does not _ex facie_ disclose the satisfaction by the Officer of the necessary facts, but if the record discloses the same, the notice or the order does not _per se_ become ### illegal. I 492G-493B l E (3) The Division Bench bas committed illegality in coming to the conclusion that the sum of Rs.15,00,000 was received towards consideration for sale of goodwill of the on-going business. It is premature on the facts and circumstances in this case to reach such a decision. Whether assets and goodwill together were transferred or the goodwill F alone was transferred as on-going concern of the mining business is a ### matter yet to be gone into by the Income-Tax Officer. I 493E-G] CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 571 (NT) of 1976. From the Judgment and Order dated 27/28.11.1974 o( the CalcuttaHigh Court in Appeal from Original Order No. 271of1973. G Dr. V. Gaurishanker, B.B. Ahuja, Ms. A. Subhashini and S. Rajjappa for the Appellants. H 490 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R. A Dr. Debi Prasad Pal, Ms. A.K. Verma and S. Sukumaran for JBD & Co. for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by B ## c D E K. RAMASWAMY, J. By proceeding dated January 21, 1959 the respondent was assessed to income tax for the assessment year 1957-58 ending with financial year March 31, 1957. On transfer on point of jurisdiction, the Income-Tax Officer, Special IV Circle, Cuttack had drawn his proceeding on July 2, 1965 to reopen the assessment under sections 147(a) and 148 of the Income-Tax Act, 1961 (for short 'the Act') and obtained the approval of the Commissioners of Income-tax, Cuttack, Bihar and Calcutta thus: "The assessee sold his mining business during the relevant accounting year to a Company named M/s. B. Patnaik Mines (P) Ltd. and earned a profit of Rs.15 lakhs which was assessable as capital gains but was not shown by the assessee in his return. The transfer of the business was stated by the assessee to have been made on 31:3.1956 and as such the amount of capital gains was not liable to taxation, it was claimed by the assessee since capital gains was not subjected to taxation in the assessment year 1956-57. But from information now available it appears that the transfer of the business took place on 3. 11.1956 and thus the assessee was liable to be taxed on the capital gains earned. in the accounting year ended 31.3.1957. Hence action under section 147(a) is required to assess the said sum of Rs.15 lakhs which escaped assessment". F The respondent was called upon by notice dated July 31, 1965 to deliver within 30 days from the date of the service of the notice a return in the prescribed form of the income assessable for the assessment year 1957-58 and on failure thereof the notice dated September 17, 1965 under section 147(a) was followed to produce or caused to be produced the relevant records before the officer. Calling in question G and to quash the notices the respondent filed writ petition under section 226 of the Constitution. The learned single Judge by judgment dated February 7, 1973, dismissed the writ petition upholding the validity of the notice under section 147 of the Act. On appeal, the Division Bencn by judgment dated November 27-28, 1974, while upholding the exercise of the power under section 147(a) of the Act H held that the income derived by the respondent was towards sale of l.T.0. _v._ BIJU PATNAIK [K. RAMASWAMY. J.] 491 goodwill and that, therefore, the income was not liable to capital gains tax and the impugned notices were quashed. The High Court granted leave under Article 133(1) (a) & (b) of the Constitution. Thus this appeal. The contention of Dr. Pal, the learned counsel for the respondent is that the Income-tax Officer merely communicated the notice without complying with the provisions of Section 147(a) read with Section 148 of the Act. The Income-tax Officer must have reason to believe that the income for the relevant assessment year had escaped assessment and that the escapement of the income was on account of the omission or failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for that assessment year. The sum of Rs.15,00,000 received by the respondent was consideration for the transfer of the goodwill of the business as an ongoing concern. The Income-tax Officer had no reason to believe that the income had escaped assessment for that year. The findings of the Courts below that the respondent failed to disclose the material facts that the trans A B # c fer of the goodwill took place on November 3, 1956 and a sum of D **Rs.15,00,000 escaped assessment was not correct. Even otherwise,** **as** per findings of the Division Bench, it was not liable to tax. Therefore, the condition precedent, namely, that the Income-tax Officer is satisfied that the escapement was due to omission or failure to disclose the material facts was not made out. Since the receipt of a sum of Rs.15,00,000 was consideration for the transfer of the goodwill, it was E not liable to capital gains tax: The satisfaction arrived at by the Income-tax Officer under section 147(a) did not exist on the facts of the instant case. The impugned notices under Section 147(a) read with Section 148 and Section 142(1) of the Act are without jurisdiction and illegal. Shri Ahuja, the learned counsel appearing for the revenue - resisted these contentions and contended that the learned Single Judge F has rightly found all the facts against the respondent and that the Division Bench was not justified in law in reversing the well considered judgment of the learned Single Judge. · E F Section 12-B of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 making capital gains exigible to tax had come into force with effect from April 1, G 1957. Therefore, for the assessment year 1956-57 ending with financial year March 31, 1956 the capital gains was not exigible to tax. It is not also in dispute that the respondent claimed that the income of Rs.15,00,000 was received before March 31, 1956. Consequently the Income-tax Officer did not assess Rs.15,00,000 to capital gains tax. By agreement dated November 3, 1956 the assets and goodwill of the H A B ## c D 492 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R. Mining business of the respondent was transferred to Mis. B. Patnaik Mines (P) Ltd. for a consideration of Rs.15,00,000 payable in instalments. The Income-tax Department subsequently came into possession of this information through the Director of Mines, by letter dated June 29, 1965. On the basis of this information the afcirestated proceedings to reopen the assessment has been drawn by the Income-tax Officer. Section 147(a) of the Act postulates two conditions, namely, that the Income-tax Officer must, on the basis of material facts on record, prima facie, be satisfied that the income of the assessee is exigible to tax for that relevant assessment year and that he has reason to believe that it had escaped assessment. He must have reason to believe that the escapement of income was on account of the omission or failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all the material facts necessary for the assessment. Both the conditions are conditions precedent to the exercise of the jurisdiction under section 147(a) read with Section 148. This is so laid by this Court in _Calcutta_ _Discount Co. Ltd._ v. _l.T.O.,_ [1961] 41 I.T.R. 191 (SC). and host of later decisions. The learned Single Judge found that the material on record would show that the Income-tax Officer had before him the material that the respondent had a sum of Rs.15,00,000 as capital gains by transferring his mining business to a limited company during the accounting year ended on March 31, 1957 which had escaped assessE ment. The respondent had stated that he received the amount before March 31, 1956 from the material which had come to the possession of the Income-tax Officer, but was not available at the time of original assessment, disclosed that the date of transfer of the business under law fell during the accounting year ended on March 31, 1957. Hence it was necessary to reopen the assessment for the year 1957-58. This p finding was affirmed by the Division Bench. It is undoubtedly true that the notice does not _prima facie_ disclose the satisfaction of the two conditions precedent enjoined under section 147(a), but in the Counter Affidavit filed by the Income-tax Officer in the High Court he stated all the material facts. The responG dent had inspected the record and the record also bears out the existence of the material facts. The proceedings drawn which was abstracted earlier also shows that the Income-tax Officer had applied his mind to the facts on record and was _prima facie_ satisfied that reopening of the assessment for the assessment year 1957-58 was needed due to those stated facts. Thus though _ex facie_ the notice does H not disclose the satisfaction of the requirement of Section 147(a), but l.T.O. _v._ BIJU PATNAIK [K. RAMASWAMY, J.l 493 from the record and the averments in the counter affidavit it is clear that the Income-tax Officer had applied his mind to the facts and after _prima faice_ satisfying himself of the existence of those two conditions precedent reached the conclusion to reopen the assessment. It is settled law that in an administrative action, though the order does not _ex facie_ disclose the satisfaction by the officer of the necessary facts, but if the record discloses the same, the notice or the order does not per se become illegal. A B We reject the contention of Dr. Pal that the Income-tax Officer had no reason to believe that the income had escaped assessment for the relevant accounting year for the reasons mentioned by the Income tax Officer in the proceedings drawn on July 2, 1965. It is also clear C therefrom that the escapement of assessment was on account of the omission of failure on the part of the respondent to disclose the material facts truly and fully. It is the contention of the respondent, before making assessment, that the income was received before March 31, 1956 by which date Section 12-B of the Indian Income-tax Act had not come into force. Accepting this sum of Rs.15,00,000 was excluded D from the consideration of the assessment. The subsequent information in possession of the Income-tax Officer discloses that the assets were transferred on November 3, 1956 by which date Section 12-B came into force. It is true that the Division Bench has stated in the judgment that E it repeatedly enquired of the counsel for the revenue whether the income was towards the transfer of goodwill of the mining business as on-going concern as the capital receipt and that no satisfactory reply was given by the counsel. We are afraid that it is not correct to reach a conclusion or to record a finding on the basis of indecisiveness of the counsel for revenue to make a positive statement or a wrong conces- p sion that the sum of Rs.15,00,000 was received towards consideration for sale of goodwill of the on-going mining business. The Division Bench, therefore, has committed illegality in reaching the above conclusion. Whether assets and goodwill together were transferred or the goodwill alone was transferred as on-going concern of the mining business is a matter yet to be gone into by the Income-tax Officer. It is G open to the respondent to place all the necessary material facts and the Income-tax Officer is free to consider the material and to make a decision in that regard. The Division Bench rested its conclusion on the ground that since income derived was for the transfer of the goodwill of the business as on-going concern it is not capital gain and that, therefore, is not exigible to tax. (It is premature, on the facts and H 494 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R. A circumstances in this case. to reach such a decision.) We are clearly of the opinion that the Division Bench committed grave error of law in holding that the notice under sections 148 and 142 are vitiated on account of the above conclusion. It is open to the respondent to submit his return and all the necessary materials in support of his case and the Income-tax Officer is free to consider on merits and pass the assess B ment order in accordance with law. It is made clear that any observations made here or by the High Court shall not be construed to mean any opinion expressed by this Court on merits. It is limited only for the purpose of finding the legality of the exercise of the power under sections 147(a) and 142. The Income-tax Officer had validly and legally exercised his jurisdiction and reopended the assessment for the C assessment year 1957-58. The judgment of the division Bench is set aside and that of the Single Judge is restored. A B The appeal is allowed, but in the circumstances without costs. R.S.S. Appeal allowed.