## **IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM**
## **PRESENT**
## **THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE ANIL K.NARENDRAN**
**MONDAY, THE 01ST DAY OF JULY 2019 / 10TH ASHADHA, 1941 WP(C).No.23381 of 2018**
## **PETITIONER:**
**GRACY KURIAN, W/O.KURIAN, VALLOMPURAYIDATHIL HOUSE, KUDAYATHOOR P.O., THODUPUZHA. BY ADV. SRI.I.DINESH MENON**
## **RESPONDENTS:**
|**1**|**THE STATE OF KERALA,**|
|---|---|
||**REPRESENTED BY SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,**|
||**MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, SECRETARIAT,**|
||**THIRUVANANTHAPURAM – 695 001.**|
|**2**|**THE REGIONAL TRANSPORT AUTHORITY,**|
||**IDUKKI – 685 603.**|
|**3**|**THE SECRETARY,**|
||**REGIONAL TRANSPORT AUTHORITY,**|
||**IDUKKI – 685 603.**|
|**4**|**THE KERALA STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION,**|
||**REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN & MANAGING**|
||**DIRECTOR, TRANSPORT BHAVAN, PATTAM,**|
||**THIRUVANANTHAPURAM – 695 034.**|
||**BY ADVS. SRI.P.C.CHACKO, SC,**|
||**KERALA STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPN.**|
||**SRI.PAUL ABRAHAM VAKKANAL, SR GP.**|
**THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 01.07.2019, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:**
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## **JUDGMENT**
The petitioner is the holder of a regular permit on the route Pazhayarikandam-Kottayam, which was valid till 2015. The application for renewal of that permit is pending consideration. Ext.P1 is the temporary permit granted to the petitioner under Section 87(1)(d) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 in respect of stage carriage bearing registration No.KL38/7681. The petitioner has filed this writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, seeking a declaration that the Kerala Motor Vehicles (1[st] Amendment) Rules, 2017 dated 15.03.2017 produced as Ext.P4 to the extent it prescribes a maximum distance of 140 kms for ordinary limited stop services is ultra virus Sections 69, 70, 71, 72, 80 and 81 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 apart from being in violation of Articles 14, 19(1)(g) and 21 of the Constitution of India; and a declaration that the Kerala Motor Vehicles (1[st] Amendment) Rules, 2017 dated 23.03.2017, produced as Ext.P6 to the extent it prescribes [Rule 2 (oa)], a maximum distance of 140 kms for ordinary limited stop services is ultra virus Sections 69, 70, 71, 72, 80 and 81 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
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apart from being in violation of Articles 14 and 19(1)(g) and 21 of the Constitution of India. The further relief sought for is a writ of certiorari to quash Ext.P4 final amendment dated 15.03.2017 and Ext.P6 final scheme dated 23.03.2017. The petitioner has also sought for a writ of mandamus commanding the respondents to entertain Ext.P12 application for re-issue of temporary permit notwithstanding the distance embargo brought in clause (4) of the notification dated 23.03.2017.
2. On 12.07.2018, when this writ petition came up for admission, this Court admitted the matter on file. The learned Senior Government Pleader took notice for respondents 1 to 3. The learned Standing Counsel took notice for the 4[th] respondent. This Court granted an interim order directing the 3[rd] respondent to entertain Ext.P12 application made by the petitioner for temporary permit on the route Pazhayarikandam-Kottayam, in respect of stage carriage bearing registration No.KL-38/7681 and pass appropriate orders thereon, untrammeled by Exts.P4 and P6 notifications.
3. Heard the learned counsel for the petitioner, the learned Senior Government Pleader appearing for respondents
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1 to 3 and also the learned Standing Counsel for KSRTC, representing the 4[th] respondent.
4. The issue raised in this Writ Petition as to the challenge made against Ext.P4 Gazette notification dated 15.03.2017 and Ext.P6 Gazette notification dated 23.03.2017 is covered in favour of the petitioner by the judgment of the learned Single Judge in W.P.(C) No.11825 of 2017 and connected cases. The challenge made against that judgment by KSRTC ended in dismissal by the judgment dated 20.8.2018 in W.A.No.1098 of 2018 and connected cases, i.e., **Kerala State Road Transport Corporation v. Saju Varkey and others [2018 (4) KHC 617]** . Paragraphs 13 to 18 of the said judgment read thus:
“13. On a consideration of the submissions made on this issue, we find that the law governing the formulation of schemes is to be found in Sections 99 and 100 of the Motor Vehicles Act. The said provisions mandate that, if the State Government is of the opinion that, for the purpose of providing efficient, adequate, economical and properly guaranteed road transport services in relation to any area or route or operation thereto, these road transport services should be run and operated by the STU’s to the exclusion, either complete or partial, of private stage carriage operators, a proposal in the official
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gazette shall be published as provided under Section 99 of the Act. Objections to the said proposal will be invited before the State Government under Section 100, and after considering the objections and after affording an opportunity to the objectors or their representatives, and the representatives of the STU, the State government may approve or modify such proposals. The same procedure is followed for the purposes of modifying an existing scheme, as seen from Section 102.
14. The provisions of Sections 99, 100 and 102 indicate that the procedure to be followed, while introducing a scheme, or modifying an existing one, is one that is designed to ensure transparency and fairness in a matter involving pre-existing rights of private transport operators. It follows, therefore, that there cannot be any finalization of a scheme, which is different from the one that was proposed, and in respect of which objections were invited. The introduction of a restrictive element (in the instant case, the stipulation that the maximum distance limit would apply to the saved permits), while finalising a draft that did not contain such a stipulation has, therefore, to be seen as breaching the aforesaid statutory safeguard. A question arises, however, as to whether, in these cases, the petitioners had a pre-existing right, relatable to Ext.P5 scheme, to operate ordinary and OLS services without any restriction as regards distance? Although the learned counsel for the respondent KSRTC would vehemently contend that the said rights accrued to the private operators, not through Ext.P5 scheme, but only through Ext.P9 G.O., we are of the view that the
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rights/privileges granted to the petitioners through Ext.P9 G.O. cannot be seen as divorced from Ext.P5.
15. As already noted, Ext.P9 G.O. was issued in the wake of Ext.P7 scheme, that deprived private operators of their right to operate higher class of services in the State, and the rights granted through the G.O. were with a view to ameliorate their situation. The rights that they obtained, in respect of stage carriage operation, were pursuant to Ext.P5 scheme on notified routes and Ext.P9 G.O. for operation in the State. The modification proposed by the State, through Ext.P10 notification, was with a view to incorporate their rights, as obtained through Ext.P9 G.O., in Ext.P5 Scheme, through the modification procedure under Section 102. It is in this backdrop that we have to consider the pre-existing rights of the private transport operators, prior to the modification process.
16. Thus viewed, the conclusion is inescapable that, Ext.P10 draft scheme proposed to retain the rights obtained by the private operators through Ext.P9 G.O, while modifying Ext.P5 Scheme, and while finalising the said draft scheme, the State Government could not have made the stipulation with regard to maximum distance applicable to the permits saved by Ext.P5 scheme. We therefore find in favour of the petitioners on the said issue and quash Clause (4) of Ext.P13 scheme that makes the maximum distance in Rule 2 (oa) of the KMV Rules applicable to the saved permits.
_Re: Challenge to the amendment of the Rule_
17. As regards the challenge in the writ petitions to the validity of the amendments brought about to the Kerala
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Motor Vehicle Rules through Ext.P12 notification, it needs to be noted that the contentions raised are more or less identical to those raised in respect of the challenge to the modified scheme. It is contended that, insofar as Rule 2 (oa), as amended, contained a stipulation of maximum distance of 140 km, in the definition of Ordinary Limited Stop Services, but this stipulation was not there in the draft Rule that was notified through Ext.P11 notification, the principles of natural justice, as envisaged in the statutory procedure, had been breached, thereby vitiating the amendment and rendering it invalid. Although, at first blush, it appeared to us that the same reasons that led to the quashing of the impugned clause in the modified scheme would lead us to hold the amended Rule also as invalid, we find on a closer scrutiny, that the right to operate ordinary and OLS services, without distance restrictions, was one that accrued to private operators affected by Exts.P5 and P7 schemes, in terms of the said schemes, read with Ext.P9 G.O. In other words, there was no pre-existing right in the private operators, conferred under the MV Act and Rules, to operate an OLS service.
18. Such being the case, the draft amendment introduced, for the first time, a definition of Ordinary Limited Stop Service in the Rules. Although the definition contained in the draft notification did not stipulate a maximum distance, it is difficult to conceive of any objection that a private operator could have raised against the introduction of a new class of service for the first time. Similarly, the private operators could not have insisted that, the OLS service that was being introduced,
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had to be one without any stipulation as to maximum distance, for that would tantamount to dictating a policy to the State Government. Under the circumstances, we cannot accept the contention urged on behalf of the petitioners that, in introducing a stipulation as regards maximum distance, while finalising the draft Rules, the State Government had breached the statutory procedure. We also note that, as a matter of fact the State Government did consider the objections raised with regard to the stipulation, in the draft Rule, that the vehicle used for the OLS service could not be older than ten years from the date of registration, and removed the said stipulation from the definition of OLS service while notifying the amended Rule. We therefore reject the challenge to the validity of the amendment, and to Ext.P12 notification that notified the same.
The writ petitions are thus partly allowed, quashing clause (4) of Ext.P13 scheme, and repelling the challenge against Ext.P12 notification and the amendment notified thereunder.” (Underline supplied)
In the result, this writ petition is disposed of in terms of the law laid down by the Division Bench of this Court in **Saju**
## **Varkey's case (supra)** _._
Sd/- **ANIL K. NARENDRAN JUDGE**
**yd**
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## **APPENDIX**
## **PETITIONER'S EXHIBITS:**
**EXHIBIT P1TRUE COPY OF THE TEMPORARY PERMIT DATED 13/3/2018**
- **EXHIBIT P2TRUE COPY OF THE CABINET DECISION DATED 31/12/2005**
- **EXHIBIT P3TRUE COPY OF THE DRAFT AMENDMENT DATED 19/2/2016**
- **EXHIBIT P4TRUE COPY OF THE FINAL AMENDMENT DATED 15/3/2017**
- **EXHIBIT P5TRUE COPY OF THE DRAFT SCHEME DATED 8/2/2016**
- **EXHIBIT P6TRUE COPY OF THE FINAL SCHEME DATED 23/3/2017**
- **EXHIBIT P7TRUE COPY OF THE NOTIFICATION DATED 9/5/2006**
- **EXHIBIT P8TRUE COPY OF THE PAPER PUBLICATION DATED 2/9/2016**
- **EXHIBIT P9TRUE COPY OF THE NOTIFICATION DATED 14/7/2009**
- **EXHIBIT P10TRUE COPY OF THE NOTIFICATION DATED 20/8/2015**
- **EXHIBIT P11TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER IN WP(C) NO.41267/2017 DATED 20/12/2017**
- **EXHIBIT P12TRUE COPY OF THE APPLICATION FOR TEMPORARY PERMIT DATED 28/6/2018 WITH CHALAN RECEIPT.**
## **RESPONDENT'S EXHIBITS:NIL**
## **TRUE COPY**
**P.A. TO JUDGE**
