Gian Singh Mann v. The High Court of Punjab and Haryana and Anr.

507 A GIAN SINGH MANN _v._ THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AND ANR. B _August_ 22, 1980 [V. R. KRISHNA IYER, R. S. PATHAK, JJ.) _Promotion-Belated_ _claim after eleven years without valid explanation for_ _delay cannot be entertained-Article_ 32 _of_ _the Constitution-Punjab Civil_ _Se;r-_ _vice (Premature Retirement) Rules,_ 1975 _do apply to the judicial_ _service-Words_ _.and Phrases "public_ _interesf'-Whether_ _the expression_ _is_ _vague in the context_ _of_ _Premature Re'tirement Rules_ _of_ _1965-Withdrawal_ _of_ _judicial work as a_ _policy decision_ _of_ _the High Court cannot be_ _challenged-The_ _concept_ _of_ _pre-_ _.mature retirement does_ _not_ _fall within the scope_ _of_ _Article_ 311. The petitioner after holding a number of minor posts in the Punjab Gov·ernment, was appointed to the Punjab Civil Service (Executive Branch) and subsequently in April 1965 to the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch). From ·the post of Senior Subordinate-I udge he was reverted as Subordinate-Judge. Later, on 4th November, 1978, the High Court ordered withdrawal of all judicial work from the petitioner and on 8th November, 1978 a Judicial Officer was posted in his place. Subsequently he was prematurely retired with effect from 30th December, 1978 on which date_ he· completed 25 years qualifying :service for the purposes of Punjab Civil Service (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975. The petitioner then filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Con·stitution in the Supreme Court for the quashing of the orders dated 4th Nov·ember, 1978 and 8th November, 1978, for his reappointment as Senior Sub-ordinate-Judge and, thereafter, his promotion to the Selection Grade post of the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) with effect from !st November, 1966 and his prdmotion to the Punjab Superior Judicial Service with effect from !st ·November, 1967. He also claimed an injunction against his premature retire .men! from service, which relief was refused. Dismissing the petition, the Court. HELD: (1) Inordinate delay without valid explanation therefor to the ,claim for promotion itself is a valid ground for refusal of relief to a petitioner. Successive repre<;entations made by the petitioner during the period can hardly justify the delay. [509 F] (2) The High Court was justified, as borne out by the records, not promoting the petitioner to a post in the Punjab Superior Judicial Service. The view -of the High Court was neither unreasonable nor arbitrary. [510 A-BJ ### c D E F G (3) :fhe Punjab Civil Service (Premature, Retirement) Rules, 1975 are applicable to judicial officers as well. These rules were finalised after consul tation with the High Court and therefore, must be regarded as complying with H Article 234 of the Constitution. Further, there is nothing in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) which excludes the operation of the Retirement Rules. _[510_ E] A **B** # **c** **D** **E** **F** **G** **H** 508 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1981] 1 S.C.R. (4) As a policy decision was taken by the High Court that all the work pending in the court of the Judicial Officers, in respect of whom a recommendation for premature retirement had been made to the Governor, should be· withdrawn immediately pending a decision by the Government on such recommendation, it cannot be said that the withdrawal of judicial powers in the· case of the petitioner was wrong. Even his premature retirement had been properly recommended as a policy matter under the Premature Retirement: Rules. [510 G-H]1 (5) The expression "public interest" in the context of premature retire-· ment has a well settled meaning. It refers to cases where the interest of public· administration requires the retirement of a Government servant, who with the passage of years, has prematurely ceased to possess the standard of efficiency, competence and utility called for by the Government service to which he· belongs. No stigma or· implication of misbehaviour is intended and punishment is not the objective. [511 A-BJ (6) There is no discrimination or violation of Articles 14, 16, 17 rnd 46 of the Constitution in view of the fact, as borne out by the reccrds, that na· other judicit.l officer whose record of service was inferior o~. equivalent to that of the petitioner had not been prematurely retired. [Sil F, DJ (7) The concept of premature retirement which has found expression i~ the Punjab Civil Service (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975, does not fall· within the scope of Article 311. No element of punishment is involved illl• premature retirement and Article 3ll therefore is not attracted. [511 E] ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition No. 465tl of 1979. (Under Article 32 of the Constitution.) _G._ S. _Mann_ for the Petitioner. _Har Dev Singh_ for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by PATHAK, J.--The petitioner applies for relief wl.der Article 32 or the Constitution against the orders of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana withdrawing jµdicial work assigned to him and thereafter prematurely retiring him from service. The petitioner, after holding a number of minor posts in the:. Punjab Government, was appointed to the Punjab Civil Service (Exe-cutive Branch) and subsequently in April, 1965 migrated to the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch). He remained a Judicial Officer there- after. The petitioner claims that he was entitled to promotion to a Selectioo Grade post in the iPunjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) and' subsequently to a post in the Punjab Superior Judicial Service. The claim was based in both cases on the ·footing that a post had been resei-Ved in the two services for a member of the Scheduled Castes. It **was** alm asserted that the petitioner was entitled to the posts eveD!• GIAN SINGH _v._ HIGH COURT _(Pathak,_ _J.)_ 509 without reference to such reservation. The petitioner's case is that his service record was uniformly good, but as the High Court. was actuated by _mala fides_ it refused. him promotion. He cites some instances to support the allegation of _ma/a fides,_ including the circum~ stance that having been appointed to the post of Senior Subordinate Judge he was "reverted" as Subordinate Judge. On 4th November, 1978 the High Court ordered fothdrawal of all judicial work from the petitioner and on 8th November, 1978 a Judicial Officer was posted in his place. The petitioner 'then filed the present writ petition for the quashing of the orders dated 4th November, 1978 and 8th November, 1978, for his reappointment as Senior Subordinate Judge and, - thereafter, his promotion to the Selection Grade post of the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) with effect from 1st November, 1966 and his promotion to the Punjab Superior Judicial Service with effect ##,. from !st November, 1967. He also claimed an injunction against his premature retirement from service. This Court entertained the writ petition but declined to grant interim relief. On 29th December, 1978 the Punjab Government, accepting the recommendation of the High Court, sanctioned the premature retirement of the petitioner from the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) with effect from 30th December, 1978 on which date the petitioner completed twenty five years qualifying service for the. purposes of the Punjab Civil Service (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1965. In regard to the petitioner's claim for promotion to the Selection Grade post in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) with effect from !st November, 1966, and to a post in the Punjab Superior Judicial Service with effect from 1st May, 1967 on the .basis tha.t a post had been reserved ih each of the services for a member of the Sche d~led Castes, it seems to us that the ciaim is grossly belated. The writ petition was filed in this Court in 1978, about eleven years after the dates from which the promotions are claimed. There is no valid explanation for the delay. That the petitioner was making successive representations during this period can hardly justify our overlooking: the inordinate delay. Relief must be refused on that ground. It is; not necessary, in the circumstances, to consider the further submissiom of the respondents that the provision on which the petitioner relies as the basis of his claim is concerned with the appointment only of members of the Scheduled Castes to posts in the Punjab Superior Judicial Service and not to recruitment by promotion to that service. The petitioner has also claimed that even without the advantage of reservation he is entitled to promotion to a Selection Grade post in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) and to a post in the Punjab, 12-647 S.C. India/80 · A B # c D E E G H A B # c D E F G H 510 . SUPREME COURT REPORTS [!981J 1 S.C.R. Superior Judicial Service, and that the High Court should have promoted him accordingly. The position tak(\n in reply by the High Court is that the ch,aracter and quality of the petitioner's work and conduct, as evidenced by confidential reports pertaining to him, did not justify his pro111otion having regard to the guidelines laid down by the High Court. We have personally examined the records in respect of the petitioner, and we are unable to say that the view taken by the High Court is unreasonable or arbitrary. We may now examine the contention of the petitioner that the order of premature retirement is invalid. He has assailed the application of the Punjab Civil Service (Premature Retirement) Rules, 1975. He urges that as a Judicial Officer in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) he is not governed by these rules. It is true that originally rule 7 of those Rules provided that they would not apply to persons belonging to any judicial service of the State. But by notification dated ## 18th August, 1975, * * * in exercise of the powers under Article 234 of the Constitution besides other provisions, Rule 7 was substituted by another rule which did not exempt members of the judicial service from the operation of the Premature Retirement Rules, The Premature Retirement Rules were finalised after consultation with the High Court and, therefore, must be regarded as complying with Article 234 of the Cons,titution. There is nothing in the Punjab Civil Service (Judicial Branch) Rules which excludes the operation of the Retirement Rules. We are therefore, not satisfied that the Premature Retirement Rules cam1ot be applied to the case of the petitioner. It is urged by the petitioner that the High Court, when it applied the Premature Retirement Rules, did not consider the case of the petitioner on its facts. We have, however, the affidavit of the Registrar of the High Court which states that the case of the petitioner was considered by the High Court on 26th October, 1978, and having regard to the policy laid down by the High Court it was decided ·to recommend to the Government that the petitioner should be retired from service in the public interest with effect from 30th December, 1978, the date on which he completed twenty five years of qualifying service. At the same time it was decided as a matter of policy by the High Court that all the work pending in the court of a Judicial Officer, in respect of whom a recommendation for premature retirement had been made 'to the Government, should be withdrawn immediately pending a decision by the Government on such recommendation.· It was. in implementation of that policy that the order directing withdrawal of judicial work from the petitioner was made. GPAN SINGH _v._ HIGH COURT _(Pathak, /.)_ 511 It is next contended by the petitioner that the expression "public interest" in the Premature Retirement Rules is vague and the rule ,is for that reason _ultra vlres._ In our opinion, the expression in the context of premature retirement has a well settled meaning. It refers 'to cases where the interests of public administration require the retire~ ment of a government servant who. with the passage of years has pre- ' maturely ceased to possess the standard of efficiency, competence and utility called for by the government serv.ice to which he belongs. No stigma or implication of misbehaviour is intended, and punishment is ·not the objective. It appears to us to be beyond.dispute that the deci: ·sion of the High Court to recommend the premature retirement of :.the petitioner in the light of his record of service must be regarded as 'falling within the scope of the expression "public interest". A B ## c The petitioner also asserted that Judicial Officers whose record ,of service was inferior or equivalent to that of the petitioner have not been prematurely retired, and have been retained in service. The High Court, however, has stated that no such Subordinate Judge has been · D -retained in service. We see no reason why the High Court should not be believed. Another point raised by the petitioner is that Article 311 of the -Constitution has been violated by the :premature Retirement Rules. We think that the concept of premature retirement which has found expression in the Rules does not fall, within the scope of Article 311. As we have observed, 'no element of punishment is involved in premature retirement and it is not possible to ~ay that Article 311 is attracted. The petitioner has justified the filing of this writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution on the plea that his fundamental rights under Articles 14, 16, 17 and 46 are violated. We find no substance :at all in that plea. The petitioner alleges _mala fides_ on the part of the High Court. It is a reckless allegation, and impossible to countenance. There is nothing whatever to indicate that the High Court, as a body, was motivated by _maia fides_ against the petitioner. The instances alleged by the petitioner in support of his allegation of _ma/a fides_ fail to prove Ibis case. The High Court has offered a perfectly valid explanation in respect of each instance. The petitioner points out that the High Court has refused to permit encashment of unuti!ised earned leave. On E F G H 512 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [198ll 1 S.C.R .. A the material before us, we are not satisfied that a case of _mala fides_ has been made out. ' These are the only points raised by the petitioner which deserve ~· consideration. There is no force in them. B The petition fails and is dismissed, but in the circumstances there' is no order as to costs. V.D.K. _Petition dismissed:._ ## ' .._,. /