Dharam Singh v. Karnail Singh and Ors.

[2008] 14 S.C.R. 366 _t_ ' . ,.... _}_ ' , A ## DHARAM SINGH _v._ . KARNAIL SINGH AND ORS. B .- ' (Civil Appeal No. 6087 of 2008) OCTOBER 13, 2008 [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND J:M. PANCHAL, JJ] ## _Code of Civil Procedure, 1908:_ .· s: _100(5), proviso_ - _Second appeal_ - _Allowed by High_ C _Court without formulating any substantial question of law_ - _HELD: Proviso to sub-section (5) to_ s. _100_ is _applicable only when any substantial question of law_ has _already been formu/a_ted and it empowers the High Court to hear, for_ reasons _to be recorded, the appeal on any other substantial question of_ D · _law...:.... The impugned judgment_ does _not show that any substantial question of law_ has _been formulated and the second appeal_ was _heard on such question_ - _The judgment of High Court_ set _aside and the matter remitted to it for decision afresh_ '' _in ac_corda17ce with law._ . E ~The plaintiff-appellant filed a suit for a declaration that he·had·become owner of the suit property by way of extinguishmentof equity of redemption qua the rights of the defendants; and further for consequential relief of restraining the defendants from transferring the suit property in F favour of any body. The trial Court decreed the suit and - the ·first appellate Court upheld the decree. However, in the second appeal filed by the defendant, the High Court set aside the judgments and decrees of both the courts · below' and dismissed the suit. G In the instant appeal filed by the defendant, it was contended for the appellant that the High Court erred in allowing the second appeal without formulating any question of law as required u/s 100 of the Code of Civil Proce- H 366 367 DHARAM SINGH v. KARNAIL SINGH AND ORS. A ~i du re, 1908. The judgment of the High Court was defended on behalf of the respondent-plaintiff on the ground proviso to sub-section (5) of s.100 of the Code. ## Disposing of the appeal, the Court ...... HELD: 1.1 The judgment passed by the High Court B does not show that any substantial question of law has been formulated or that the second appeal was heard on the question, if any, so formulated. That being so, the judgment cannot be maintained. [para 7] [370-G] _/shwar_ Dass _Jain v. Sohan Lal_ 1999 (5) Suppl. SCR 24[c ] =2000 (1) SCC 434; _Roop Singh v. Ram Singh_ 2000 (2) SCR 605 = 2000 (3) SCC 708; _Kanhaiya/al v. Anupkumar_ 2002 (4) Suppl. SCR 366 = 2003 (1) SCC 430; _Chad at Singh v. Bahadur Ram and_ Ors. 2004 (3) Suppl. SCR 298 = 2004 (6) SCC 359; _Joseph Severane and Others v. Benny Mathew and_ D _Others_ 2005 (3) Suppl. SCR 429 = 2005 (7) SCC 667; _Sasikumar and Others v. Kunnath Chel/appan Nair and 0th-_ ers 2005 (12) SCC 588; and _Gian_ Dass _v. Gram Panchayat, Village Sunnder Kalan and_ Ors. 2006 (3) Suppl. SCR 781 = 2006 (6) sec 271 - relied on. E 1.2 The proviso to sub-s.(5) of s.100 CPC is applicable only when any substantial question of .law has already been formulated and it empowers the High Court to hear, for reasons to be recorded, the appeal on any F " l ' other substantial question of law. The expression "on any \ other substantial question of law" clearly shows that there must be some substantial question of law already formulated and then only another substantial question of law which was not formulated earlier can be taken up by the High Court for reasons to be recorded, if it is of the view G that the case involves such question. [para 13] [372 A-C] F ......... ~. 1.3 The impugned judgment is set aside, and the matter is remitted to the High Court so far as it relates to Second Appeal No.285 of 2000 for disposal in accordance H [2008] 14 S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 368 '1~- B c A with law. (para 14] [372 - D] ## CASE LAW REFERENCE |1999 (5)|1999 (5)Suppl. SCR24|relied on|para8| |---|---|---|---| |2000 (2)|2000 (2)SCR605|relied on|para9| |2002|2002(4)Suppl.SCR366|relied on|para10| |2004 (3)|2004 (3)Suppl.SCR298|reliedon|para11| |2005 (3)|2005 (3)Suppl.SCR429|·reliedon|para 12| |2005 (12)|2005 (12)sec588|reliedon|para12| |2006 (3)|2006 (3)Suppl.SCR781|relied on|para12| ~ CIVILAPPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 6087 of 2008 D E From the final Judgment and Order dated 25.7.2006 of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in RS.A. No. 285 of 2000 Kuldip Singh, R.K. Pandey, T.P. Mishra and H.S. Sandhu for the Appellant. Arvinder Singh and Jitendra Kumar for the Respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by '/ ' DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. 1. Leave granted. F 2. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of a learned Single Judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court allowing the second appeal filed in terms of Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short 'the Code'). The second appeal was filed by the respondents before the High Court questioning corG[rectness ][of ][the judgment and decree dated 25.10.1999 passed ] by learned Additional District Judge, Ropar. The learned Additional District Judge had dismissed the appeal against the judgment and decree dated 25.09.1997 passed by learned Civil Judge (Senior Division), Kharar, vide which the Suit of the present H[appellant, who was the defendant in the Suit was decreed. The ] **==> picture [23 x 16] intentionally omitted <==** **----- Start of picture text -----**<br> < ,A<br>~-<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br> --+ DHARAM SINGH _v._ KARNAIL SINGH AND ORS. 369 [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.] -~· .. ~ -'' \ Suit was filed for a declaration to the effect that plaintiff had beA come owner of the suit property by way of extinguishment of equity of redemption qua the rights of the defendants and further with consequential relief of restraining the defendants from transferring the suit property in favour of any body, as detailed in the head note of the plaint. The respondents contested the suit and B filed written statements. Four issues were framed and evidence was laid. After considering the evidence brought on record, learned Additional Civil Judge (Senior Division), Kharar, vide judgment and decree dated 25.09.1997 decreed the Suit. Aggrieved by the said judgment and decree, appeal was filed before the c First Appellate Court, which was dismissed by learned Additional District Judge by judgment and decree dated 25.10.1999. B 3. As noted above, the defendants filed the second appeal. By the impugned judgment, the High Court allowed the appeal and set aside the judgments and decrees of the courts D below and the Suit was dismissed. In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellant submitted that the second appeal was dismissed without formulating any question of law, which is a mandatory requirement of Section 100 of the CPC. Several other points on the merits of the case were also urged. E 4. In response, learned counsel for the respondents submitted that on considering the memorandum of appeal and the grounds indicated therein, the High Court had allowed the second appeal and, therefore, there was nothing wrong. It is stated that after considering the materials on record, the High Court had recorded its findings that the suit deserves to be dismissed. F 5. It is further submitted that though no substantial question of law was formulated before the Second Appeal was adjudicated, yet that is permissible, because proviso to sub Section (5) of Section 100 of the Code permits the High Court to decide a second appeal on a different substantial question of law subject to recording of reasons. G 6. Section 100 of the Code deals with "second appeal". The provision reads as follows: H __._.,, 1 370 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2008] 14 S.C.R. A B c "100 (1) Save as otherWise expressly provided in the body · . of this Code or by any other law for the time being in force, an appeal shall lie to the High Court from every decree passed in appeal by any court subordinate to the High Court, if the High Court is satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law. _(?)An appeal may lie under this section from an appellate decree passed ex-parte. (3) In an appeal under this section, the memorandum of appeal shall precisely state the substantial question of law involved in the appeal. **==> picture [24 x 8] intentionally omitted <==** **----- Start of picture text -----**<br> -~<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br> (4) Where the High Court is satisfied that a substantial question of law is involved in any case, it shall formulate that question. D (5) The appeal shall be heard on the question so formulated and the respondent shall, at the hearing of the appeal, be allowed to argue that the case does not involve such question: E F Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall be deemed . to take away or abridge the power of the Court to hear, for reasons to be recorded, the appeal on any other substantial question of law, not formulated by it, if it is satisfied that the case involve8 such question." 7. A perusal of the impugned judgment passed by the High Court does not show that any substantial question of law has 1;>een formulated or that the second appeal was heard on the G question, if any, so formulated. That being so, the judgment cannqt be maintained. 8.ln _lshwar_ Dass _Jain v. Sohan Lal_ [2000 (1) SCC 434] this Court in para 10 has stated thus: H "10. Now under Section 100 CPC, after the 1976 DHARAM SINGH _v._ KARNAIL SINGH AND ORS. 371 [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.] -'-t > amendment, it is essential for the High Court to formulate A a substantial question of law and it is not permissible to reverse the judgment of the first appellate court without doing so." --t. 9. Yet again in _Roop Singh v. Ram Singh_ [2000 (3) SCC B 708] this Court has expressed that the jurisdiction of a High Court is confined to appeals involving substantjal question of law. Para 7 of the said judgment reads: "?. It is to be reiterated that under Section 100 CPC jurisdiction of the High Court to entertain a second appeal c is confined only to such appeals which involve a substantial question of law and it does not confer any jurisdiction on the High Court to interfere with pure questions of fact while exercising its jurisdiction under Section 100 CPC." "' "'- ~ D 10. The position has been reiterated in _Kanhaiyalal v. Anupkumar_ [2003 (1) SCC 430]. 11. In _Chadat Singh v. Bahadur Ram and Ors._ [2004 (6) sec 359], it ~as observed thus: "6. In view of Section 100 of the Code the memorandum E of appeal shall precisely state substantial question or questions involved in the appeal as required under Subsection (3) of Section 100. Where the High Court is satisfied that in any case any substantial question of law is involved, it shall formulate that question under SubF section (4) and the second appeal has to be heard on the question so formulated as stated in Sub-section (5) of Section 1 00." E 12. The position was highlighted by this Court in _Joseph Severane and Others v. Benny Mathew and Others_ [2005 (7) G SCC 667], _Sasikumar and Others v. Kunnath Chel/appan Nair and Others_ [2005 (12) SCC 588] and in _Gian Dass v. Gram Panchayat, Village Sunnder Kalan and Ors._ [2006 (6) SCC 271]. H SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2008] 14 S.C.R. 372 A 13. The plea about proviso to sub-section (5) of Section 100 instead of supporting the stand of the respondent rather goes against them. The proviso is applicable only when any substantial question of law has already been formulated and it empowers the High Court to hear, for reasons to be recorded, s · the appeal on any other substantial question of law. The expression "on any other substantial question of law" clearly shows that there must be some substantial question of law already formulated and then only another substantial question of law which was not formulated earlier can be taken up by the High Court C for reasons to be recorded, if it is of the view that the cas.e involves such question. A 14. Under the circumstances, the impugned judgment is set aside, we remit.the matter to the High Court so far as it relat~s to Second Appeal No.285 of 2000 for disposal in acD corqance with law. The appeal is disposed of on the aforesaid terms with no order as to costs. R.P. Appeal disposed of.