CRL.MC No. 6499 of 2021 (Anju Hamza alias Anju K.H. v. State of Kerala and others)

# `IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM` ## `PRESENT` ``` THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE ZIYAD RAHMAN A.A. ``` ``` FRIDAY, THE 9[TH] DAY OF DECEMBER 2022 / 18TH AGRAHAYANA, 1944 ``` ``` CRL.MC NO. 6499 OF 2021 ``` ``` [ C.C.NO.1041/2020 ON THE FILE OF THE JUDICIAL FIRST CLASS ``` ``` MAGISTRATE COURT-1, ALUVA ] ``` ``` [CRIME NO.681/2019 OF ALUVA POLICE STATION, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT] PETITIONER/ACCUSED: ``` ``` ANJU HAMZA ALIAS ANJU K.H. AGED 42 YEARS S/O.HAMZA, MANADATHU HOUSE, THAYIKKATTUKARA, CHOORNIKKARA VILLAGE, ALUVA TALUK, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT. BY ADVS. P.M.ZIRAJ IRFAN ZIRAJ ``` ## `RESPONDENTS/COMPLAINANT:` ``` 1STATE OF KERALA REPRESENTED BY PUBLIC PROSECUTOR, HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM. 2SUB INSPECTOR OF POLICE ALUVA POLICE STATION, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT - 682 101 IN CRIME NO.681/2019. 3DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE (SPECIAL BRANCH) ERNAKULAM RURAL, ALUVA, ERNAKULAM DISTRICT - 682 101. 4THE REGIONAL PASSPORT OFFICER PASSPORT OFFICE, KOCHI, PANAMPILLY NAGAR, ERNAKULAM, PIN - 682 036. R1 TO R3 BY VIPIN NARAYAN, PUBLIC PROSECUTOR R4 BY SRI.SUVIN R. MENON, CENTRAL GOVT.STANDING COUNSEL ``` ``` THIS CRIMINAL MISC. CASE HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON 9-12-2022, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY PASSED THE FOLLOWING: ``` CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 2 ## `O R D E R` The petitioner in this Crl.MC is the accused in C.C.No.1041/2020 on the file of the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court-1, Aluva. The aforesaid Calendar Case arises from Crime No.681/2019 of Aluva Police Station, registered for the offence punishable under section 12(1)(b) of the Passports Act, 1967. 2. The facts which led to the filing of this Crl.M.C are as follows: The proceedings against the petitioner were initiated based on a complaint submitted by one Shailesh Krishnan to the Inspector General of Police, Kochi Zone, which was forwarded to the 3[rd] respondent for investigation. The allegation in the said complaint was that the petitioner was involved in activities against the nation, as he allegedly carried out certain illegal financial transactions. On the basis of the said complaint, an inquiry was conducted by the 3[rd] respondent, but no anti-national activities were found. CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 3 However, during the course of such inquiry, the 3[rd] respondent found that, the petitioner had obtained a passport from the Passport Office, Chennai, showing incorrect personal details as to the date of birth, place of birth etc. and thereby committed the offence under section 12(1)(b) of the Passport Act. Annexure-1 is the aforesaid report. 3. On the basis of Annexure-1, Aluva Police registered Crime No.681/2019 for the offence punishable under section 12(1)(b) of the Passport Act and the copy of the said F.I.R is Annexure-2. Challenging the registration of the F.I.R., the petitioner filed Crl.MC No.4521/2019 before this Court. During the pendency of the said Crl.MC, the police completed the investigation, and the final report has been submitted. Annexure-4 is the said final report wherein it is alleged that, the petitioner had obtained a passport from the Passport Office, Chennai, highlighting incorrect personal details with an intention to go to Saudi Arabia, where the minimum age for getting employment is 21 years. It was alleged that, by furnishing the incorrect date of birth of the petitioner, the age of the petitioner was shown as 21 years and thereby passport CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 4 was obtained. The Judicial First Class Magistrate Court-1, Aluva, has taken cognizance of Annexure-4 final report as C.C.No.1041/2020. This Crl.M.C. is filed in such circumstances for quashing all further proceedings pursuant to the same. 4. Heard Sri.P.M.Ziraj, the learned counsel for the petitioner, Sri. Vipin Narayan, the learned Public Prosecutor appearing for respondents 1,2 and 3 and Sri. Suvin R.Menon, the learned Central Government Standing Counsel appearing for the 4[th] respondent. 5. The prayer to quash the proceedings against the petitioner was sought mainly on two grounds. First of all, it was contended by the learned counsel for the petitioner that the offence under section 12(1)(b) of Passport Act is a noncognizable offence for which prosecution can be initiated only after obtaining permission from the jurisdictional Magistrate under section 155(4) of Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.PC). It was also contended that, as per section 15 of the Passport Act, prior sanction of the Central Government is required before initiating of the prosecution. In this case, no such CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 5 sanction as contemplated under section 15 of the Passport Act has been obtained and therefore, the proceedings are liable to be quashed. The learned counsel for the petitioner places reliance upon the decisions rendered by this Court in **Mohammed Hussain Pangadan v. State of Kerala [2015(4) KLT SN 40 (C. No.46]** and **Shereef v. State of Kerala [2019(1) KLT SN 67(C.No.88)].** 6. On the other hand, the learned Public Prosecutor, as well as the learned Central Government counsel would oppose the aforesaid contentions. The learned Central Government counsel would point out that the contention of the learned counsel for the petitioner that the offence under section 12(1)(b) is non-cognizable, is not legally sustainable. It is pointed out that, as per section 13 of the Passport Act, Any officer of customs empowered by a general or special order of the Central Government in this behalf and any officer of police or emigration officer not below the rank of a sub-inspector may arrest without warrant any person against whom a reasonable suspicion exists that he has committed any offence punishable under section 12 and shall, as soon as may be, inform him of the grounds for such arrest. Since specific power has been granted to the police as CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 6 per the above provision to arrest a person who committed the offence without warrant, it is a cognizable offence. Reliance was also placed on the decision rendered by this Court in . **Noufal M.H. v. State of Kerala [2017(3) KLT 660]** 7. I have gone through the records. As regards the first contention, viz. ‘offence is cognizable’, I find some force in the contention put forward by the learned Central Government Counsel. It is true that, in the decision rendered by this Court in **Mohammed Hussain Pangadan’s** case (supra), it was held that the offence under section 12(1)(b) of Passport Act, 1967 is a non-cognizable offence. However, in the said decision, this Court did not consider the impact of section 13 of the Passport Act, which specifically empowers some of the police officers and other officers to arrest a person without warrant. Section 2(c) of Cr.PC defines “cognizable offence” as an offence for which a police officer may, in accordance with the First Schedule or under any other law for the time being in force, arrest without warrant. It is true that, as the maximum punishment as contemplated under Section 12(1)(b) of the Passports Act is only two years, CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 7 and hence, going by the statutory stipulations contained in Second Schedule, it can be treated as a non-cognizable offence, since, Second Schedule provides that, if the maximum punishment that can be imposed is less than three years, it may be treated as non cognizable offence. However, merely because of that reason, the offence in a special statute cannot be treated as a non-cognizable offence, when police were specifically granted the power to arrest the person without warrant. The existence of such a power makes the offence cognizable, by virtue of the definition of ‘cognizable offence’ as contained in Section 2(c) of Cr.PC. Even though the offence in the special statute falls under the Second Schedule of Cr.PC, it cannot be treated as a noncognizable offence when specific power is conferred upon the police to arrest the person accused of the said offence, without warrant. In **Noufal M.H.** ’s case (supra), the aforesaid question was explicitly considered, and this Court held that, the offence under section 12(1)(b) of the Passport Act is non cognizable. The relevant observations made by this Court in the said decision are extracted in the manner as CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 8 ## follows: “24. The Supreme Court in Lal Singh Kishan Singh’s case (supra) reiterated the dictum laid down in its earlier decision in Union of India v. I.C. Lala (AIR 1973 SC 2204) that the words a police officer appearing in the definition of cognizable offence in the Code does not mean any and every police officer. Even if only a certain class of police officers are empowered to arrest without warrant, the offence is a cognizable offence. 25. Under 6 of the Bombay Prevention of Gambling Act though a police officer of and above the rank of a Sub Inspector may arrest an accused, it may be done only under a warrant issued by the superior police officers mentioned in the Section. In other words, without a warrant the former cannot arrest; a warrant is necessary. The Supreme Court held that if a superior officer is empowered to authorise a subordinate officer to arrest a person, the former officer himself can do it. That is sufficient to satisfy the requirements of the definition of cognizable offence. The Apex Court held that the offence under S.4 of the Bombay Prevention of Gambling Act is a cognizable offence. The decision in Muhammed Hussain Panangadan v. State of Kerala (supra) is per incuriam. 26. To recapitulate, mere absence of declaration in a statute that an offence under it is cognizable is no reason to hold that that offence is non cognizable. The phrase ‘or under any law for the time being in force’ used in S.2(c) Cr.P.C. refers to offences which are punishable with imprisonment for less than three years, but for which police have been empowered to arrest without warrant because all offences punishable with imprisonment for three years and above are cognizable offences as specified in List 2 in Schedule I Cr.P.C. Even if only a class of police officers has been empowered to arrest without warrant for an offence under an Act which is punishable with imprisonment for less than three years, it is a cognizable offence. The offence under S.12(1)(b) of the Passports Act, or for that matter any offence under S.12, is a cognizable offence because S.13 of the Act empowers police officers of and above the rank of Sub Inspectors to arrest without warrant. For the purpose of S.15 of the Act institution of prosecution takes place only when cognizance is taken by the court having jurisdiction. Sanction of the Central Government contemplated by the Section is necessary only at the time cognizance is taken. For registration of case or investigation sanction is not required.” I fully agree with the view taken by this Court in **Noufal M.H.’s** case (supra). 8. The next contention urged by the learned counsel for the petitioner is with respect to the sanction to be CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 9 ## obtained as contemplated under section 15 of the Passport ## Act. The aforesaid provision reads as follows: “15. Previous sanction of Central Government necessary. —No prosecution shall be instituted against any person in respect of any offence under this Act without the previous sanction of the Central Government or such officer or authority as may be authorised by that Government by order in writing in this behalf.” Going by the statutory stipulations contained therein, obtaining sanction from the Central Government is a mandatory requirement for initiating the prosecution. In **Noufal M.H.’** s case (supra), it was categorically held by this Court that for the purpose of section 15 of the Act, the institution of the prosecution takes place only when cognizance is taken by the court having jurisdiction. Similarly, in **Shereef** ’s case (supra) it was held by this Court that sanction is to be obtained before the final report is submitted. In this case, it is evident that the acts of filing of the final report and taking cognizance were without obtaining sanction from the Central Government as contemplated under section 15 of the Passport Act. Thus, it is evident that, the initiation of prosecution was without complying with the statutory stipulations contained in section 15 of the Passport Act, which CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 10 is mandatory in nature. The failure to comply with the same vitiates the entire proceedings. Therefore, I have no doubt in my mind that the prosecution, now launched on the basis of Annexure-4, is liable to be interfered with as the same lacks sanction as contemplated under section 15 of the Passport Act. In the result, this Crl.M.C. is allowed, and all further proceedings in Annexure-4 final report and C.C.No.1041/2020 on the file of the Judicial First Class Magistrate Court-1, Aluva, which arises from Crime No.681/2019 of Aluva Police Station as against the petitioner herein are hereby quashed. ## **Sd/-** **ZIYAD RAHMAN A.A., JUDGE** pkk CRL.MC No.6499 /2021 11 ## `APPENDIX OF CRL.MC 6499/2021` ## `PETITIONER’S ANNEXURES` |`Annexure`|`1`|`TRUE COPY OF THE REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE`| |---|---|---| |||`THIRD RESPONDENT TO THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF`| |||`POLICE, KOCHI ZONE, ERNAKULAM DATED`| |||`12/2/2019.`| |`Annexure`|`2`|`TRUE COPY OF THE FIRST INFORMATION REPORT IN`| |||`CRIME NO.681/2019 DATED 2/4/2019 FOR ALUVA`| |||`POLICE STATION.`| |`Annexure`|`3`|`TRUE COPY OF THE INTERIM ORDER DATED`| |||`18/12/2020 IN CRL.M.C.NO.4521/2019.`| |`Annexure`|`4`|`TRUE COPY OF THE FINAL REPORT SUBMITTED BY`| |||`THE SECOND RESPONDENT IN CRIME NO.681/2019`| |||`OF ALUVA POLICE STATION.`| |`Annexure`|`5`|`TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER OF THIS HONOURABLE`| |||`COURT DATED 23/3/2021 IN`| |||`CRL.M.C.NO.4521/2019.`| |`Annexure`|`6`|`TRUE COPY OF THE RELEVANT PAGES OF PASSPORT`| |||`OF PETITIONER.`| |`Annexure`|`7`|`TRUE COPY OF THE BIRTH CERTIFICATE OF`| |||`PETITIONER ISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF`| |||`REGISTRATION OF BIRTH AND DEATHS, ALUVA`| |||`MUNICIPALITY DATED 24/1/2019.`| |`Annexure`|`8`|`TRUE COPY OF THE RELEVANT PAGES OF EARLIER`| |||`PASSPORT OF THE PETITIONER DATE 7/10/2012.`| |`Annexure`|`9`|`TRUE COPY OF THE RELEVANT PAGES OF THE`| |||`RELEVANT PAGES OF EARLIER PASSPORT OF THE`| |||`PETITIONER DATED 18/1/2015.`| |`Annexure`|`10`|`TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DATED 8/2/2019 IN`| |||`WPC NO.3318/2019.`| |`Annexure`|`11`|`TRUE COPY OF THE COMMUNICATION DATED`| |||`23/5/2019 ISSUED FROM THE OFFICE OF REGIONAL`| |||`PASSPORT OFFICE, KOCHI.`| |`Annexure`|`12`|`TRUE COPY OF THE RELEVANT PAGES OF CORRECTED`| |||`SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE`| |`Annexure`|`13`|`TRUE COPY OF THE CORRECTED BIRTH CERTIFICATE`| |||`ISSUED ON 11/12/2019.`| |`Annexure`|`14`|`TRUE COPY OF THE RELEVANT PAGES OF KERALA`| |||`GAZETTE NOTIFICATION REGARDING CORRECTION OF`| |||`DATE OF BIRTH.`| |`Annexure`|`15`|`TRUE COPY OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF JOINT`| |||`COMMISSIONER FOR GOVERNMENT EXAMINATION,`| |||`PAREEKSHA BHAVAN DATED 22/6/2019 REGARDING`| |||`CHANGE OF ENTRY.`|