Commissioner of Wealth Tax, Gujarat, Ahmedabad v. Vadilal Lallubhai et al.

A ·B c ## • E ### ' _a_ COMMISSIONER OF WEALTH TAX; GUJARAT, AHMEDABAD 485 . ' _v._ Vl\DILAL LALLUBHAI ETC. _October !11,_ _1983_ [R.S. PATHAK AND E.S. VBNKATARAM!AH, 11.I _Wealth_ _Tax Act, 1957-sec._ _2(n-1)-D!finition_ _of_ _'net_ wealth'-ln~er· _pretation of._ _Income_ _tax, wealth_ _tax_ _and_ _gift_ _·tax_ _liabilities are_ _debts_ _on_ _the_ _ltaluation .date and deductions in respect of those· liabilities are to_ _be_ _allowed "n the_ _basis of their final quantification on assenmtnt._ ~ ·The assessee while computing his net we_alth claimed a deduction in respect of debts which included amounts representing estimated liabilities on account of income tax, wealth tax and gift tax'. The Wealth -Tax Officer rejected the claim on the ground that as those Habilities wei:e claimed on the basis of an estimate they could not be regarded as debts oWed On the valuation dat~., In ~ppeal the Appellate Assistant Comil'l:issioner allowed part of the deductions claimed. · Th~ Revenue's appeal to the Appellate Tribunal. was dismissed. On a reference being.made the; High Court held against the Revenue. I~ this Court · the Revenue contended that on a true construction of sec. 2 (m) of the Wealth . Tax Act defining the expr~ssion "net wealth" the tax liability disclosed by the assessee in·~his returns should be taken as representing the debts· owed by the ~assessee on the valu~tion date. Dismissing the .appeals, HELD : It is settled law that an income tax liability becomes crystallized on the last day of the previous year corresp9nding to the particular assessment year, and a wealth tax liability becomes crystallized on the valua .. tion. date corresponding _to_ the particular assessment year. In each case the liabilities ate prcfect-ed debts on the last day of the previous ytar or the valuation date, as the case may be. LikellYiSe, a gift tax liability beci>mes crystallized, and therefore a perfected debt, on the last day of the previous year relevant to the particular assessment y_ear. (487 P-G; 488 A) . ###### + -.,,-, ,. _!_ _Kesoram Industries and Cotton Mills Ltd._ v. _·commissioner of Wealth Tax_ _(Centrql), Calcutta,_ (1966) 59 J.T.R. 767; _H.H. Setu Parvati Bay/_ v. _Commls•._ _sioner_ _of_ _Wealth_ _Tax,_ _KeralB,_ (1968) 69 I.T.R. 864; and _Commissioner_ _of_ _Wealth_ _Tax,·Madrasv. K.S.N. Bhatt,_ Civil Appeals Nos •. 384 to387 of1978, - Judgment delivered on October 21, 1983 referred to. B When~ in the course of a wealth tax assessment, the asscssee makes a claim to de•uction on account of in~me tax, wealth tax and gift tax liabiliti.os .486 SUPREME ·COURT REPORTS [1984] 1 s.c.R. subsisting as debts ·owed by· him on 'the valuation date, it is the final quantifi' **cation of the particular tax** **liability . which must** **be** **taken** **into** **account.** **Where** ,. **the wealth tax** **assessment so made** **is carried in appea.1,,** **there** **is** **no** **doubt** **that** **the appellate authority** **will** **take into account** **th!f** **ultimate quantification** **of the** **tax liability even though** **such· ultimate quantification has been** **reached aft'er** **the** **relevant valuation date and** **during** **the** **pendenqy of the** **Wealth** **tax appeal.** - [488 F-GJ CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: .Civil Appeal Nos. 1524-47 of. 1973. . . . . From the Judgment and Order dated 13.12.1972 of the Gujarat· ·High Court in Wealth Tax References Nos. 6 to II, 13, 15, 17, 18, 2~. 24 and 25 of 1971, 34, 39, and 40 of 1970, 20 and 42 of 1971, 22, 35; 41, 42, 4~ & .38of1970. _S;C._ _Manchanda,_ _B.B. Ahuja_ and _Miss_ _A.· Subhashini_ for the .+. Appellant. E J **G** **B** _F.S. Nariman,_ _Mrs._ _A.K._ _Verma_ and _K.J._ _John_ for the Respondents. The udgment of the .Court was delivered by PATHAK, J : These appeals are directed against the judgment of the Gujarat High Court disposing of a number of wealth tax referen· ces and answering the following question against the Revenue in each reference: "Whether in computing the net wealth of the assessee, the amount deductible in respect of liabihty of tax for any year for which the assessment is the completed after the valuation date is the liability as ascertainable on the valua, tion daie or th~ actual amount of tax subsequently - assessed ?" · The faets are substantially similar for.different appeals and ·therefore it will be sufficient to set forth the facts in one of them alone. In Civil Appeal No. 1524 of 197 3 the facts are these. . ' . In the computation of his net wealth for the assessment year l962-63, the corresponding valuation date being March 31, 1962, the assessee claimed a deduction in respect of debts which included amounts representing estimated liabilities on account of income tax and wealth tax for the assessmeut year 1962-63. The Wealth Tax ()ffieer rejected the claim on the ground that as those liabilities were "claiined on the basis of an estimate they could not be l'egarded as .... \ .· + C. W. T. _v._ VADILAL _(Pathak,_ J.) 487 debts owed on the valuation dates. In appeal before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner of Wealth Tax the assessee claimed the· de· duction of a larger sum on account of income tax, wealth ta.x and gift ~ · tax liabilities. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner scrutinised the data placed before him and allowed part of the deductio11.s claimed. The Revenue now appealed to the App·enate Tribunal, and contended that the deductions on account-of income tax, weath tax and gift tax. - liabilities for the assessment year 1962-63 should. have been allowed on the basis of the respective returns filed hy the assessee and not on the basis of the final assessment as the assessment orders were made after the valuation date. The Appellate Tribunal rejected the con· tention and dismissed the appeal. At the. instance of the Revenue, the Appellate Tribunal referred the case to the Gujarat High Court for its opinion on the question of law set forth earlier. Similar references were made in other cases, and all of them were disposed of by a common judgment of the High Court dated December 13, 1972. The High Court, relying on its earlier judgment in _Commissioner_ _of_ _Wealth_ _Tax_ v. _Kantilal Manila!(')_ held that the deduction admissible in computing the net wealth of the assessee must be calculated on the basis of the tax as firnilly determined on assessment though the assessment may have been made subsequent to the valuation date, and not on the baSIS of tax computed in accordance with thereturns filed by the asseesse~. . A B G, H ~ _I_ In these appeals, it is contended on behalf of the Revenue that the High Court has erred, and thai on a true construction of s. 2 (m) of the Wealth Tax Act defi.ning the expression "net wealth" the tax liability disclosed by the assessee in bis returns should -be taken as representing the debt owed by the assessee on the valuatio~ date. Now, it is settled law that an income tax liability becomes crystal· lized on the last day of the previous y0ar corresponding to the .. particular assessment year, and a wealth tax liability becomes crys· tallized on the valuation date cqrrespon:ding to the particular assess-· . . #### . ment year. In each case the liabilities are perfected debts on the last day of previou's year or the valuation date, as the case may be. See _Kesoram Industries and Cotton Mills Ltd._ v. _Commissioner_ _of_ _Wealth Tax (Central), Calcutta(')_ and _H.H. Setu Parvati Bayi_ v. _Commissioner of Wealth_ _Tax, Kera/a.(')_ Likewise, we think a gift ~~(1) (1973)~~ ~~88 I.T.~~ R. 125. (2) (1966) 59 I.T.R. 767. (3) (1968) 69 I.T.R. 864. 488 SUPl.UlME COtiRT REPORTs (1984} I s.c.a. B G D lil G H tax liability becomes crystallized, and therefore a,perfected debt, on the. last . day of the previous year relevant to the. particular assessement · year. See _Commissioner_ _of_ _Wealth'_ _Tax,_ _Madras_ v. _K.S.N. Bhatt(')_ The object and purpose of the· assessment proce- ' '\ dure presclibed by the releval).t tax statute, be it the Income Tax Act, the Wealth Tax Act or the Gift Tax Act, is to,quantify the preci1·e amount of the tax .liability. The process is initiated ordinarily by the assessee filing a tax return, and thereupon the asssessment machi' nery swings ·into ·motion. The tax return is scrutinised by the assessing authority and in accordance with the procedure detailed in the relevant statute the assessfog autho~ity proceeds to determine 'the true figure, in its opinion, of the asseessee's. taxable income . or taxable wealth or total value of the taxable gifts, depending on whether it is a case of income tax,. wealth tax or gift tax. The assessment order made by the assessing authority specifies the assessed. income, .wealth or value of the gifts, and on that the corresponding tax liability is computed followed by a notice of demand. The + a~sessment order may be subjected to consideration in appeal before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and thereafter .the case may be carried in second appeal to the Appellate Tribunal, in reference to the High Court artcf ultimately in appeal before this Court. At every stage, the endeavour of the authority, tribunal or court is to adjudi. cate on questions which will lead in the final result to a true deter mination of the tax liability. There may be cases where the assessment finally made may be reopened in accordance with the procedure and subject to the .conditions stated in the relevant statute.· There may also be cases where a rectification of apparent. errors is effected purs~ant to jurisdiction granted by the relevant statute. Both these proceddings are similarly intended for the true quantification of the tax liability. When, in the course of a wealth tax assessment, the - ·assessee miikes a claim. to deduction on account of income tax, wealth tax and gift tax liabilities subsisting as debts owed by him on the valuation date, it is the final quantification ·of the par.ticular tax liability which must be taken into accouni. . Wh~re the wealth tax assessment so made is carried in appeal, we have no doubt that the appellate authority will take into account the ultima:l'e quantification of the tax · liability, even though ·such ultimate quantification has been · reached after the relevant valuation date and during the pendency of the wealth tax appeal. l _·.JI&_ ' ~~(I) Civil Appeals N~~ os. 384 to 387 of 1978, Judgment delivered on October . 21, 1983. . . . ' . - .. 489 Upon the aforesaid considerations, we are of opinion that the High Court has acted rightly in holding that in computing the net wealth of the assessee the deduction admissble must be calculated on the basis of the tax as finally quantified on assessment, even though the assessment may have bee!\. made subsequent to the , valuation date., Once an assessement orcler is passed, the .data dis closed by the assesiee in his return is no longer determinative of the ~ssessee's tax liability becomes in law it stands superseded by the. assessment brde; . The appeals are dimissed,with costs. ##### + # H.S.K. - _Appeals dismissed._