Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi Central v. Modi Spinning and Weaving Mills Co. Ltd.

COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, DELHI CENTRAL _v._ MODI SPINNING AND WEAVING MILLS CO. LTD. OCTOBER 26, 1990 A [MADAN MOHAN PUNCHHI AND S.C. AGRAWAL, JJ.] B _Income Tax Act, 1922-Section 10(2)(vib), Proviso (b) and_ _CBDT Circular dated October_ _14,_ _1965 Explanations (a),_ _(b) and (c)_ _Allowance of development rebate on plant and machinery--Entitlement_ _to by assessee._ In _Commissioner of Income Tax,_ _Madras_ v. _Veeraswami Nainar_ _&_ _0_ _rs.,_ SS ITR .3S, the Madras High Court took the view that the aevelopment rebate reserved shonld be made at the time of making up the Profits and Loss A~count, and this was affirmed by this Court in _Indian_ _Overseas Bank's Ltd._ v. _Commissioner of Income Tax,_ 77 ITR S12. A distinction "'as drawn between development rebate reserve and other reserves createable under the Companies Act and the Income Tax Ad and it was required to be separately created. Consequent to this decision it was noticed that an important circu' lar of the Central. Board of Direct Taxes dated October, 4, 1965 was unwittingly mowed down. This circular gave the Board's Explanation in three paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) regarding the position for creation of statutory reserve for allowance of development rebate. A spate of litigation ensued and·some of the taxing authorities, relying on the _Indian Overseas Bank's_ case in some cases, took revisional and rectificatory actions, and these reached various High Court$. The Gujarat High Court in _Surat Textiles Mills Ltd._ v. Comm~ _sioner of Income-tax Gujarat,_ 80 I. T .R. 1 opted for the narrow view in assuming that all the 3 Explanations contained iii the 1965 Circular stood wiped out by _Indian Oversas Bank's_ case. # c D G The Central Board of Direct Taxes, therefore, took the step of withdrawing in the year 1972 the Circular dated Odober 14, 196S to the extent it stooa superseded by decision in _Indian Overseas Bank's_ case. Other High Courts, however, took a broader view to the effect that - Explanation contained in para (a) only was done away with by this Court's decision in _Indian Overseas Bank's_ case and that contained in H paras (b) and (c) were still alive. 461 A B # c 462 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 1990] Supp. 2 S.C.R. On account of the aforesaid difference of opinion, it was represented to the Board that the earlier instructions dated October 14, 1965 represented the correct position of law and that the withdrawal to the extent it was presumed to be overruled by the decision in _Indian Over-_ _seas Bank's_ case had created unnecessary hardships to the assessees. In the instant appelll the question, whether the respondentassessee was entitled to al1owance rebate on the plant and machinery after 1.1.1958, after due compliance with the provisions of proviso (b) to section 10(2)(vib) of the Income Tax Act, 1922 was answered by the Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. The Revenue appealed to this Court. Dismissing the appeal, this Court, HELD: 1. The Board itself had clarified the matter by Circular D No. 189 dated 30th January, 1986. It states to have re-examined the issue involved coming to the view that except the clarification contained in Explanation para (a) which stood superseded by the decision of this Court in _Indian Overseas Bank's_ case, the clarification given in paragraphs (b) and ( c) bold good. [ 4650] E 2. The Board itself has opted for the broader view expressed in the matter in _the-Tata Iron and Steel Companies'_ case and other cases. There is, therefore, no reason 'to do the exercise of taking any side of the two views. [465E] .3 •. It is undisputed that the Board's view is not only valid under F the new Income Tax Act of 1961, but to the Indian Income-Tax Act, 1922 as well. [465F] _Commissioner of Income Tax, Madras_ v. _Veeraswami Nainarand_ _Ors.,_ 551. T .R. 35, affirmed. G _Indian Overseas_ _Bank Ltd._ v. _Commissioner of Income Tax,_ 77 I. T .R. 512, followed. _Surat Textile Mills Ltd._ v. _Commissioner of Income-Tax Gujarat,_ 80 I. T .R. 1, overruled. H _Veerabhadra Iron Fo1mdary_ _&_ _Anr._ v. _Commissioner of Income_ ### ' C.l.T. _v._ MODI SPG. & WVG. MILLS 463 _Tax,_ **69 I.T.R. 425;** _Tata_ _Iron and Steel Co._ _Ltd._ v. _N.C Upadhyaya._ **96** A **I.T.R. I and** _The Commissioner of Income Tax_ v. _SardarSingh,_ 86 **ITR** **387, approved.** CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 330 of 1976. From the Judgment and Order dated 13.3. 1972 of the Allahabad High Court in !TR No. 457 of 1968. V. Gauri Shankar, S. Rajappa and Ms. A. Subhashini for the petitioner. Harish N. Salve, A.T. Patra, Ms. Bina Gupta, Ms. Monika Mohil, Raj iv Shakhdhar and Praveen Kumar for the Respondent. The following Order of the Court was delivered: **B** # c This appeal is directed against the Judgment dated 13.3.1972 **D** made by a Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court in Income Tax Reference No. 457 of 1968 deciding the following question of law in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. "Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case the assessee can be.said·to have complied with the provi- E sions of proviso (b) to section l0(2)(vib) of the Income Tax Act, 1922 and was, therefore, entitled to allowance of development rebate on the plant and machinery installed after I. I. 1958." • It would be unnecessary to detail out fads which led to the **F** framing of the question and the answer given. The dispute centered around the timing of the creation of the reserve known as the development rebaie reserve. In _Commissioner_ _of Income_ _Tax,_ _Madras_ v. _Veeraswami Nainar_ & _Ors.,_ 55 !TR p. 35, the Madras High Court took the view that development rebate reserve should be made at the time of making up the Profits and Loss Account. This view was affirmed by G this Court in _Indian Overseas Bank's Ltd._ v. _Commissioner of Income_ _Tax,_ 77 ITR 512 .. Both cases arose under the Indian Income Tax Act, I922. Distinction was drawn between development rebate reserve and· other reserves createable under the Companies Act and the Income Tax Act and it was required to be separately created. On appearance of the _Indian Overseas Bank's_ case on the scene it appears that an **H** A **B** # c **D** E **F** G **H** 464 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1990] Supp. 2 S.C.R. important circular of the Central Board of Direct Taxes was unwit· tingly mowed down. That circular was of October 4, 1965 and stands reproduced in circular No. 189 dated 30th January, 1976 at page 90 in 102 Income Tax Reports (Statutes). The Board's Explanation **with** ·regard to the position for creation of statutory reserve for allowance of development rebate was in these terms: (a) In the case of certain industrial undertakings, particu· larly those in which there is Government participation either by way of capital, loan or guarantee, and where there are certain obligations by law or agreement about the maintenance of reserve for development purposes, the development rebate reserve may be treated as included in the said reserve though not specifically created as a development rebate reserve. (b) In a case where the total income computed before allowing the development rebate is a loss there was no legal obligation to create any statutory resel'Ve in that year as no development rebate would actually be anowed in that year. ( c) Where there was no deliberate contravention of the provisions, the Income-tax Officer may condone genuine deficiencies subject to the same being made good by-the assessee though operation of adequate additional reserve in the current year books in which the assessment is framed. This led to a spate of litigation, pressing the _Indian Overseas_ _'Bank's_ case some taxing authorities in some cases took revisional and rectificatory actions. These reached various High Courts. The Gujarat High Court in _Surat Textile Mills Ltd._ v. _Commissioner of Income-tax_ _Gujarat,_ 80 I.T.R. P. 1 opted for what may be called a narrow view in assuming that besides Explanation (a) reproduced above explanations (b) and (c) as well too stood wiped out by _Indian Overseas Bank's_ case .. In these circumstances the Central Board of Direct Taxes took the step of withdrawing in the year 1972 the Circular dated October 14, 1965 to the extent it stood superseded by decision in _Indian Overseas Bank's_ case and the judgment of the Gujarat High Court in _Surat Textile Mills_ _Ltd._ v. _Commissioner of Income Tax._ Other High Courts took what may be cailed a broader view. ·The trend of reasoning in those cases was that explanation (a) only was done away with by this Court in _Indian Overseas Bank's_ case but explanations (b) and (c) were still alive. In this connection _Veerabha·_ - C.l.T. _v._ MODI SPG. & WV.!} .. MILLS 465 _dra Iron Foundary_ & _Anr._ v. _Commissioner of Income Tax,_ 691.T.R. 425; _Tata_ _Iron and Steel Co. Ltd._ v. _N.C. Upadhyaya,_ 96 I.T.R. p. 1 and _The Commissioner_ _of Income Tax_ v. _Sardar Singh,_ 86 ITR 387 (Punjab) may be seen. In the face of such difference of opinion, it was represented to the Board that earlier instructions dated October 14, 1965 represented the correct position of law and that the withdrawal to the extent it was p.resumed to be overruled by this Court in _Indian Overseas Bank's_ case had createcj unnecessary hardship to the assessees. It appears that the instant case, out. of which this appeal has arisen, was decided by the Allahabad High Court taking the broader view, Spei:ial leave was sought by the Revenue from this Court on the question of resolving the conflict between the two views. Leave was granted at a time when the Board itself had clarified the matter vide Circular No. 189 dated 30th January, W86·ofwhich hint has been left earlier. The Board states to have re-examined the issue involved coming to the view that except the clarification given in paragraph (a) above, which stood superseded by the decision of this Court in _Indian_ _Overseas Bank's_ case,_ the clarifications given in paragraphs (b) and (c) quoted above hold good. It can thus legitimately be stated that the Board h'ls itself opted for the view expressed in _Tata_ _Iron and Steel_ _Companies'_ case and other cases of the kind taking the broader view in the matter. When the Board has itself opted for that view and that view is being followed by Income Tax authorities concerned, we see no reason to do the exercise of taking any side of the two views and 1eave the matter at that. It is undisputed that the Board's view is not only valid under the new Income Tax Act of 1961 but to the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922 as well. For the foregoing discussions this appealfails and the judgment of the High Court is left untouched. In the circumstances of the case there will be no order as to costs. V.P.R. Appeal dismissed. A B ## c D E p