Chet Singh v. State of Punjab & Ors.

# #### • 369 CHET SINGH _v._ STATE OF PUNJAB & ORS. _March_ 24, 1977 [M. H. BEG, C.J., A. C. GUPTA AND P. S. KAILASAM, JJ.] _Constitution_ _of_ _India, Article 136-Powers to_ _be_ _exercised when-whether_ _non-est_ _orders_ _can_ _be_ _ig11ored-East_ _Puniab Holdings (Consolidation and_ _Pre-_ _1-ention_ _of_ _Fragmentation)_ _Act_ _1948-Section_ 42 . Gurdev Singh had certain complaints about the Consolidation Scheme. He \Vas not present when his application was being considered. Therefore, the application was dismissed by the Additional Director, Consolidation. Thereafter, Gurdev Singh respondent No. 3 filed an application for restoration supported by an affidavit attributing his absence to his illness. The Additional Director C accepted the ground of resJ)ondent No. 3 about illness and granted necessary relief to him. The appellant filed a writ_petition in the High Court under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution. The High Court held that the assertion of rights by the appellant merely because of some report contained in the "Fard Badar" could not take away the effect of the entries in the revenue records. The High Court alsc held that no injustice was caused to the appellant and, therefore. there was no ground for interference under Article 226. D Jn an appeal by Special Leave, the appellant contended that the Additional Director had no power to review his previous order. The power to review CQn~ ferred by section 42 of the Act has to be exercised only after hearing the interested parties. Since respondent No. 3 was not given an opportunity of being heard on account of his illness, it shows that the 9rder passed was non~est and can be ignored at any stage. The court dismissed the appeal on the ground that this was not a fit case for interference under Article 136. rhe Court, how· ever, observed that if the appellant has any right on account of long possession or otherv.:ise he can assert them by adopting proper proceedings and that his E rights would not be affected by \vhatever is staled in the judgment of this ·court as well as the High Court. CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 2150 of 1968. (Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated. 5.9. J 968 of the Punjab & Haryana High Court in L.P.A. No. 458/68). F _V._ C. _Malwjan, Hardev Singh_ and _R._ _S._ _Sodhi,_ for the appellant. 0. _P._ _Sharma,_ for the respondents 1 and 2. _K._ _R._ _Nagaraja_ and _P._ _N. Puri,_ for respondent No. 3. A B _The_ Judgment of the Court was delivered by G BEG, C.J. This appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution is directed against a very detailed Judgment of the Punjab & Haryana High Court on a Writ Petition No. 1875 of 1965 filed under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution, assailing an order of the Additional Director, Consolidation of Holdings, passed on 8 June, 1965. A .perusal of that order, together with the earlier order of 4 May, 1965, H and the application for restoration dated _15_ May, 1965, filed by Gurdev Singh, respondent No. 3, shows : Gurdev Singh, wl10 had A B ### c D E F G H 37 0 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1977] 3 S.C.R. some complaint against the Consolidation Scheme, was not present so that his petition was ordered to be filed by the Additional Director, Consolidation on 4 May, 1965. Gurdev Singh, soon thereafter i.e. on 15 May, 1965, filed an application for restoration supported by an affidavit, attributing his absence on 4 May, 1965, to his illness. The order dated 8 June, 1965, of the Additional Director, shows that the applicant Gurdev Singh's assertion that he could not attend due to illness, over which he had no control, was accepted by the Additional Director, who proceeded to exercise his powers under ~ection 42 of the East Punjab Holdings (Consolidation and Prevention of Fragmentation) Act, 1948 (hereinafter referred to as the Act) and to set right the grievance of the applicant, Gurdev Singh, alter going into all the relevant records. The learned Judge of the High Court, who heard the petition also went through the records very carefully, came to the conclusion tha·t an assertion of rights by the petitioner/ appellant, a member of the Sanjam Group, merely because of some report contained in the "Fard Badar," could not take away the effect of entries in the revenue records. The learned Judge held that no injustice was caused to the petitioner/appellant also, there was no ground for interference under Article 226 of the Constitution. The learned counsel for the appellant has relied upon the case of _Harbhajan_ _Singh_ v. _Karam_ _Singh_ & _Ors._ reported in 1966 (I) S.C.R. 817, where thiB Court held that the Addi. Director exercising the powers of the State Government has no jurisdiction under section 42 of the Act to review his previous order. Section 42 of the Act runs as follows : "The State Government may at any time for the purpose of satisfying i\self as to the legality or propriety of any order passed, scheme prepared or confirmed or repartltlon made by any officer under this 'Act, call for and examine the record of any case pending before or disposed of by such officer and may pass such order in reference thereto as it thinks fit : Provided that no order or scheme or repartition shall be varied or reserved without giving the parties interested notice to appear and opportunity to be beard excep! in case where the State Government is satisfied that the proceedings have been vitiated by unlawful consideration." The proviso to Section 42 lays down that notice to interested parties to appear and opportunity to ~e beard are conditions precedent . to passing of an order under Section 42. The fact that the. Additional Director was satisfied that the respondent, Gurdev Smgh, did not have an opportunity of being h~ard due to his illness, s:ems ~o us to amount to a finding that the proviso could not be complied with so that the previous order could not be held to 1Je au order duly passed under Section 42 of the Act. It could be ignored as "non est." The view taken in _Harbhajan_ _Singh's_ case (supra) would not apply to the ##### ' _,j_ CHET SINGH _v._ PUNJAB _(Beg, C.J.)_ 3 71 instant case although Section 42 of the Act does not contain a power A of review. Orders which are 'non est' can be ignored at any stage. ' On the facts and circumstances of this case, we think that this is not a fit case for interference under Article 136 of the Constitution. The appellant, if he has acquired any rights by reason of long possession, can assert them whenever any proceedings are taken before a competent authority to dispossess him. What we have held here or whatever has been held by the High Court will not affect such other rights, if any, as the Appellant may have acquired by reason of possession. We do not know and refrain from deciding who is actually in possession and for how long and,in what capacity. This appeal is dismissed. Parties will bear their own costs. P.H.P. _Appeal dismissed._ ## l 0 B ### c