Bijay Cotton Mills Ltd. v. Their Workmen & Another

_February_ _12_ 982 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1960 (2)] THE BIJAY COTTON MILLS LTD. _v._ THEIR WORKMEN & ANOTHER (P. B. GAJENDRAGADKAR AND K. c. DAS GUPTA, JJ.) _Industrial Dispu.te-Minimu.m basic_ _wage fixed by_ _Tribunal-_ #### M odiflcation by Labou.r Appellate Tribunal according to stati/.fory 1 _notification isst<cd_ _two years after the_ _award-If_ _valid-Appropriate_ _Govcmmcnt-Industrial_ _Disputes Act, I947•_ _(I4_ _of I947),_ _Indus-_ ~ _trial (Development and Regulations) Act. I95I_ (65 _of I9JI)._ _s. 2(a)(i)._ On the refusal of the appellant-employer to fix the minirnnn1 wages and rates for contract work of the \Vorkmen-respondents who alleged that they were paid below the level of bare subsistance v.. [1] age, the dispute was referred to the Industrial Tribunal for adjudication. The first Tribunal could not fix any minimu1n basic wage and the a\vard of the second Tribunal which fixed a scale \Vas set aside on the ground that the appointment of the Tribunal was not published according to law. The third Tribunal ultimately fixed the basic minimun1 \vage on the industry-cum-region basis after considering the rates prevalent in various parts of the country and a place nearest to the appellant company. The minimum awarded by the Tribunal was slightly increased by the Labour Appellate Tribunal in accordance \vi th a statutory notification issued under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (XI of 1948), which had come into force after two years of the award of the Tribunal and by which a scale of minimum wage and dearness allo\vancc was fixed. On appeal by the appellant company by special leave. _Held,_ that the Labonr Appellate Tribunal committed no error of la\v in awarding the same minimum basic wage which '\Vas statutorily fixed and which came into force only two years after •. the award of the Tribunal., In determining the minimum basic wage the fact that a large ~ amount of dearness allo\vance \Vas paid _to_ the employees in other _J A_ comparable occupations in the same region should not be ignored. In order that the Central Government might itself become the appropriate Government within the meaning of s. 2(a)(i) of the Industrial (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951, (65 of 1951) it must specify in that behalf that the industry in question was a controlled industry. If the services of one Tribunal were not available to the appropriate,.Government it vvas perfectly competent to that Government to appoint another Tribunal to take up the work of acljudication. CIVIL APPELLATE,JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 355 ofl958. Appeal by special leave from the decision dated Ill December 12, 1956 of the Labour Appellate Tribunal 11111 ## .. S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 983 of India, Bombay in Appeal (Born.) Nos. 77 and 103 of 1956. . _B. C._ _Mills Ltd._ _A._ _V._ _Viswa,natha Sastri,_ _S._ _N._ _Andley,_ _J._ _B._ v. v. _Dadachanji_ and _Rcv;neshwar_ _Nath_ for the appellant. _Their Work»?Pn_ _B._ _D. Sharma,_ for respondent No. I. 1960. February, 12. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by 't' GAJENDR~GADKAR, J.~The industrial dispute bet- _Gajendragadkar_ _f._ ween the Bijay Co,tton Mills Ltd., (hereinafter called the appellant) and their workmen (hereinafter called the respondents)' which has given rise to this appeal by special leave has gone through a protracted and tortuous course. The respondents claimed that the scale of minimum wages and rates for contract works should be fixed for them because it was alleged that the payments made by the appellant were below the level of the bare subsistance wage. The appellant did not accede to the demand thus made by the respondents, and so on December 1, 1950, the present dispute was referred for adjudication to the Industrial Tribu! nal consisting of Mr. D. N. Roy, under s. 10(1) read withs. 12(5) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (Act XIV of 1947) (hereinafter called the Act). ·Amongst the items thus referred for adjudication, the first two were (1) that the mill employees be paid minimum wages and rates. for contract works as shown in the two statements enclosed, and (2) that dearness allowance be paid to all workers at the rate of Rs. 35 per mensem each and it may be increased or decreased according to rise or fall in prices. in the present appeal we are concerned with the minimum wages. It appears that Mr. Roy found himself unable to fix any basic minimum wage, and to support his view, that it would be inexpedient to fix any minimum basic wage in the proceedings pending before him, he referred to the fact that the question of fixatiOn of the basic wage had been rendered enormously difficult by the state of industrial development in the State of Ajmer and by the unsteady and frequent fluctuations in prices. Even so he considered several items of dispute referred to him and announced his award on October 5, 1951. 125 I ### _I_ 984 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1960 (2)] _z96o_ This award was challenged by the respondents before the Labour Appellate Tribunal.. The appellate tribiinal _B. C._ _Mills_ v. _Ltd,_ t ereupon h reman d d e th e matter to _ill._ l\'- R oy wit 'h a _Their_ _workmen_ direction that the issues as to the and as 0 basic wage . to dearness allowance should be specifically dekr_Gajendragadkar_ _J._ mined and appropriate directions :issued on thorn two items. This remand order was passed on October 20, 1952. By the time the proceedings were taken up before the tribunal on remand, Mr. Roy was not available because he had ceased to be a District Judge in Ajmer. J In his place Mr. Sharma was appointed. Mr. Sharma then made his award on September 8, 1953. He fixed Rs. 25 as basic wage {tnd Rs. 10 as minimum dearness allowance. It appears that the award thus made by Mr. Sharma was subsequently quashed on the ground that his appointment had not been duly published as required by the Act. This order was passed on May 25, 1955. Mr. C. Jacob was then appointed Industrial Tribunal. " He made his award on January 25, 1956. By this award Mr. Jacob in substance agreed with the view taken by Mr. Sharma and fixed the basic wage at Rs. 25 per merisem and the minimum dearness allowance at Rs. IO per mensem. This award was directed to . come into operation as from December 1, 1950. This award was again challenged before the Labour Appellate Tribunal and the appellate tribunal has partly allowed the appeal preferred by the respondents and increased the basic wage from Rs. 25 per mensem ? to Rs. 30 per mensem. The amount of the minimum dearness allowance has been affirmed at Rs. 10 per mensem. This decision was announced by the appellate tribunal on December 12, 1956. It is this decision that has given rise to the present appeal by special leave. It is common ground that a; Statutory Committee was appointed under Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (Act XI of 1948) in respect of Ajmer on January 17, 1952. Its report was submitted on October 4, 1952, and a notification was issued in pursuance of the said repmt on Octob(Jr 7, 1952. This notification has come into force as from January 8, 1953, and in _)_ S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 985 consequence the basic minimum wage is now statu- _r960_ torily fixed at Rs. 30 per mensem and dearness allowance at Rs. 26 per mensem. Thus it would be _B._ _c._ _Mills Ltd._ clear that there is no dispute between t):ie parties as _Their_ ~orkmen to what would be the basic wage and the minimum dearness allowance subsequent to January 8, 1953. _Gajendragadkar_ _J._ It appears that Mr. Jacob who fixed the basic minimum wage at Rs. 25 per mensem relied upon the fact that the said rate represented the basic minimum wage on the industry-cum-region basis. He has observed that the basic minimum wage of an unskilled worker in the textile mills in Bombay was R.s. 30 per mensem, while at other places it varies from Rs. 22 to Rs. 30 pel' mem1em. Then he has also referred to the two charts, Exhibits 4-A and 4-B, produced by the respondents where the minimum basic wages were shown to range between Rs. 21 to Rs. 30 in Rajasthan. According to him, in Rajasthan minimum basic wages were Rs. 26 per mensem and in Beawar which is the nearest centre from Bijaynagar the minimum wages for an unskilled textile worker in 1950 were Rs. 25 per niensem. That is one fact on which the tribunal relied. The other fact· on which reliance was placed w~s that there was an agreement between the parties in December 1949, under which the respondents were willing to work on the minimum wage of Rs. 27. ·In fact it appears that both the appellant and the i~espondents had moved this Court for striking down the notification issued by the Ajmer Government by which the basic wage had been fixed at Rs. 30 from January 8, 1953. In _Bijay_ _Cotton_ _Mills Ltd._ _v._ _The State of_ _Ajmer_ ( [1] ) it was urged on their behalf jointly that the relevant provisions ofthe Minimum Wages Act were _ultra vires_ and that it would be in the interests of the employer and the employees as well to strike down the impugned notification. This Court rejected the said contention and upheld the validity of the Act as well as of the notification. That, however, is another matter. · The agreement on which the respondents were prepared to work for the appellant was pressed into service by the appellant before the tribunal. The tribunal was (r) (1955] x S.C.R, 75l, 986 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1960 (2)] _196o_ influenced by that fact in finally determining the amount of basic wage. Two other facts may also have _B._ c. ~:us _Ltd._ weighed. The appellant started its textile business in _Their Workmen_ 1940 and had to face a serious calamity in 1943, as a result of which it suffered great loss and incurred _Gajendragadkar_ _J._ liability to the tune of nearly rupees thirty lakhs. Besides, it was urged before the tribunal that a large section of the respondents belonged to the agricultural class and they can supplement their income from agricultural sources. It is presumably on these grounds that Mr. Jacob fixed the basic wage at Rs. 25 per mensem. The Labour Appellate Tribunal, on the other hand, has held that, in the absence of satisfactory evidence on the record, the statutory notification issued under the Minimum Wages Act affords " the best and safest guide in the matter of fixation of minimum wage" .. It has observed that even though the notification can have no application prior to January 8, 1953, still " they were of opinion that the scales of wages fixed thereunder should not· be departed from even for the period now in question. That was all the more so because not much useful material was available on the record to fix the said wage ".. It is on this ground that the appellate tribunal has increased the basic wage from Hs. 25 to Rs. 30 as prescribed by the notification. It is this modification that is challenged before us by Mr. A. V. Viswanatha Sastri on behalf of the appellant. ... Mr. Sastri contends that the method adopted by the -' tribunal was a scientific method ; it took into account a )Jasic wage deducible on the industry-cum-region basis and this should not have been reversed by the appellate tribunal. It, however, appears that in ascertaining the wages which labour in comparable trades was getting in the relevant region, the tribunal has completely lost sight of the fact that in addition to the basic wages of Rs. 26/- Rs. 43/- was the average minimum dearness allowance paid to the workers and that made a very large difference in the total earnings of the workmen. In determining the minimum basic wa.ge the fact that a large amount of dearness allowance was being paid to employees in #### r S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 987 other comparable occupations in the same region _rc,60_ should not have been ignored by the tribunal, and that is one infirmity on which the appellate tribunal was _B._ c. ~~lls _Ltd._ entitled to comment. _Their Workmen_ Besides, if the appellate tribunal thought that more useful assistance can be derived from the statutory _Gajendragadkar ]<_ fixation of the minimum wage in Ajmer under the Minimum Wages Act, we do not see how we Q.an interfere with the said view in the present appeal. It would not be wrong to assume, as the appellate tribunal did, that in fixing the minimum wage in the area, the Statutory Committee took into consideration all the relevant factors and came to the conclusion that that would be a fair minimum to prescribe. On the other hand, before the· tribunal much relevant or useful' evidence was. not adduced, and so the appellatljl tribunal could not be said to have committed any error. of law in preferring to rely on the statutory notification rather than on the other unsatisfactory evidence produced in the case. After all, from January 8, 1953, the minimum basic wage was statutorily fixed, and so, if for a couple of years before that date the same basic wage was awarded by the appellate tribunal it cannot be said that any error of law has been committed, which should be corrected by us in our jurisdiction under Art. 136 of the Constitution. Therefore, we are not satisfied that any case for interference has been made out by the appellant on this point. The next contention raised by Mr. Sastri is that the appointment of Mr. Jacob who made his award on January 25, 1956, was invalid, and Mr. Sastri suggests that the said award as well as the decision of the appellate tribunal should be set aside and the matter should be sent back to Mr. Sharma for disposal in accordance with law. The argument is that Mr. Sharma's appointment as Industrial Tribunal made on · December 31, 1954, was subsisting at the time when Mr. Jacob was appointed on June 17, 1955, and it is urged that when the same industrial dispute had already been referred to Mr. Sharma, it was not competent to the appropriate authority to refer the same dispute to Mr. Jacob. In support of this argument reliance is placed on the decision of this Court in _The_ ., ' 988 SUPREME COURT HEPORTS [1960(2)] _i96o_ _State of Bihar_ _v._ _D._ _N._ _Ganguly_ _&_ _Ors_ ( [1] ). In our opinion there is no substance in this argument. The _**B.**_ **C.** _**}1fills Ltd.**_ "fi . h" h h h ] f v. not1 catwn on w IC t e w o e o the argument is _Thei,_ Workm..,_ based was issued on December 31, 1954, for the sole purpose of correcting the error which had crept into _Gajendragadkar_ _J._ the appointment of Mr. Sharma by reason of the fact that his earlier appointment made on May 4, 1953, had not been duly published and notified as required by the Act. Indeed, it was because of this infirmity that the award made by Mr. Sharma on September 8, 1953, had been quashed on May 25, 1955. In reading the later notification this fact must be borne in mind. No doubt the notification purports to refer to Mr. Sharma for his adjudication the matter referred to him by the Labour Appellate Tribunal on remand; it, however, appears as poiuted out by the appellate . tribunal that at the time when the proceedings after the remand· commenced Mr. Sharma's services were not available, as he was apparently not in the service of the State, and it was impossible to refer the matter to him for his adjudication. That is the finding made by the appellate tribunal and this finding is fully justified. Therefore, since Mr. Sharma's services were not available to the appropriate Government it was perfectly competent to the said Government to fill in the vacancy and appoint Mr. Jacob in his place to take up the work of adjudication. Therefore, tl'l.ere is no substance in the contention that the deeision of Mr. Jacob is invalid in law. The last contention urged is thail the reference is invalid inasmuch as the Chief Commissioner of Ajmer was not competent to refer the present dispute for adjudication under s. **10(1)** read with s. 12(5) of the Act. The argument is that the Textile Industry has been included at serial No. 23 in the First Schedule to the Industrial (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 (Act 65 of 1951) and as such the Chief Commissioner of Ajmer was not the appropriate Government under s. 2(a)(i) of the Act. It is urged, that the present dispute could have been validly refet\red for adjudication to the industrial tribunal only by the Central Government. Section 2(a)(i) inter alia defines the _)_ (t) [19,9] S.C.R. n9x. ###### ' .... ' **i** I \ # - ""\- _-r_ S.C.R. SUPREME COURT REPORTS 989 appropriate Government as meaning, in relation to _x96v_ any industrial dispute concerning any industry carried on by or under the authority of the Central Govern- _B._ c. _Milts_ _Ltd._ ~ mentor b y a railway company or concerning any _Their Workmen_ such controlled industry as may be specified in this b_ehalf by the Central Government, the Central _Gajendragadkar ]._ Government. The question which arises is: has the textile industry been specified as controlled industry in this behalf by the Central Government ? · It is true that the textile industry is controlled by the provisions of Act 65 of 1951 and in that sense it is controlled industry ; but that would not be enough to attract the application of s. 2(a)(i) of the Act. What this latter provision requires is that the Central Government must specify "in this behalf" that the industry in question is a controlled industry; in other words the specification must be made by the Central Government by reference to, and for the purpose of, the provisions of the Act in order that the Central Government may itself become the appropriate Government _qua_ such industry under s. 2(a)(i) of the Act. It.is conceded by Mr. Sastri that no such specification has been made by the Central Government. Indeed, we ought to add in fairness to Mr. Sastri that he did not very seriously press this. point. The result is the appeal fails and is dismissed with· costs. _Appeal dismissed._ M/S. ROHTAS SUGAR LTD., & OTHERS _v._ THEIR WORKMEN (P. B. GAJENDRAGADKAR, K. SuBBA RAO AND ##### K. c. DAS GUPTA, JJ.) _Seasonal Industries-Unskilled_ _workmen-Retaining_ _allowance_ _for off_ _season-If wage_ _structure_ _to_ _be_ _raised_ _in_ _lieu_ _of_ _reta-ining_ _allowances._ The unskilled seasonal workmen of the.Bihar Sugar Industry, bulk of whom belonged to the landless labou.rer class, who ceased to have any contractual relation with the employers once the _February,_ _xa_