B.C. Shivashankara v. B.R. Nagaraj

> '1 # B.C. SHIVASHANKARA _v._ ## B.R. NAGARAJ FEBRUARY 27, 2007 # [DR. ARJJIT PASAYA T AND TARUN CHATTERJEE, JJ.] _Code of Civil Procedure, 1908:_ _s. l 00-Second appeal allowed by High Court without formulating any_ c _substantial question of /aw-Justification of-Held, not justified._ _s. 100(5)-Applicability of-Held: It is applicable only when any substantial question of law has already been formulated and it empowers the High Court to hear, for reasons to be recorded, the appeal "on any other substantial question of law''._ D _Words and Phrases-"On any other substantial question of law"Meaning of_ _'r_ _<·_ Challenge in the present appeal is to the judgment of the High Court allowing the Second Appeal filed by Respondent No. 1. It was contended that the Second Appeal was allowed without formulating any substantial question[E ] of law as required under Section 100, CPC. ## Disposing of the appeal, the Court -·....: HELD: 1.1. A perusal of the impugned judgment passed by the High F Court does not show that any substantial question of law has been formulated or that the second appeal was heard on the question, if any, so formulated. That being so, the judgment cannot be maintained. [Para 4) (391-El 1.2. Sub-section (5) of Section I 00, CPC is applicable only when any substantial question of law has already been formulated and it empowers the G High Court to hear, for reasons to be recorded, the appeal on any other substantial question of law. The expression "on any other substantial question of law" clearly shows that there must be some substantial question of law already formulated and then only another substantial question of law which H 389 390 [2007] 3 S.C.R. ## SUPREME COURT REPORTS A was not formulated earlier can be taken up by the High Court for reasons to be recorded, if it is of the view that the case involves such question. (Para 10( ~ , _Ishwar Dass Jain_ v. _Sohan Lal,_ (2000] I SCC 434; _Roop Singh_ v. _Ram Singh,_ (2000( 3 SCC 708; _Kanhaiyalal_ v. _Anupkumar,_ (2003( 1 SCC 430; _Chadat Singh_ v. _Bahadur Ram and Ors.,_ (2004( 6 SCC359; _Joseph Severane_ B _and Ors._ v. _Benny Mathew and Ors .._ (2005] 7 SCC 667; _Sasikumar and Ors._ v. _Kunnath Chellappan Nair and Ors.,_ (2005] 12 SCC 588 and _Gian Dass_ v. _Gram Panchayat, Village Sunner Kalan and Ors.,_ (2006] 6 SCC 271, relied on. 2. Under the circumstances the impugned judgment is set aside. The C matter is remitted to the High Court so far as it relates to the Second Appeal for disposal in accordance with law. (Para 11 ( (393-C( CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 5452 of2000. D From the final Judgment and Decree dated 27.5.1998 of the High Court of Kamataka at Bangalore in R.S.A. No. 236/1991. S.N. Bhat for the Appellant. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by E DR. ARIJIT PASAYA T, J. l. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of a learned Single Judge of the Kamataka High Court allowing the Second Appeal filed by respondent No. I. Originally, there were three defendants and the present appeal has been filed only by defendant no. I. The other defendants were impleaded as respondents 2 and 3 in the present appeal but their names F were deleted at the request of the appellant. Though several points were urged in support of the appeal, we think it unnecessary to deal with them in detail considering the primary stand taken that the Second Appeal was allowed without formulating any substantial question of law as required under Section I 00 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short the 'Code'). G 2. None appeared for the respondent in spite of service of notice. . ') _)r_ - 3. Section I 00 of the Code deals with "second appeal". The provision reads as follows: "JOO (I) Save as otherwise expressly provided in the body of this H Code or by any other law for the time being in force, an appeal shall B.C. SHIVASHANKARA v. B.R. NAGARAJ [PASA Y AT,J.] 391 '[,, ] lie to the High Court from every decree passed in appeal by any court A subordinate to the High Court, if the High Court is satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law. (2) An appeal may lie under this section from an appellate decree passed _ex-parte._ B (3) In an appeal under this section, the memorandum of appeal shall precisely state the substantial question of law involved in the appeal. (4) Where the High Court is satisfied that a substantial question of law is involved in any case, it shall formulate that question. (5) The appeal shall be heard on the question so formulated and the respondent shall, at the hearing of the appeal, be allowed to argue that the case does not involve such question: c Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall be deemed to take away or abridge the power of the Court to hear, for reasons to be D recorded, the appeal on any other substantial question of law, not formulated by it, if it is satisfied that the case involves such question." _(_ _r_ 4. A perusal of the impugned judgment passed by the High Court does not show that any substantial question of law has been formulated or that the second appeal was heard on the question, if any, so formulated. That E being so, the judgment cannot be maintained. 5. In _/shwar Dass Jain_ v. _Sohan Lal,_ [2000] I SCC 434 this Court in para 10 has stated thus: "10. Now under Section 100 CPC, after the 1976 amendment, it is F essential for the High Court to formulate a substantial question of law and it is not permissible to reverse the judgment of the first appellate court without doing so." 6. Yet again in _Roop Singh_ v. _Ram Singh,_ [2000] 3 SCC 708 this Court has expressed that the jurisdiction of a High Court is confined to appeals G involving substantial question of law. Para 7 of the said judgment reads: "7. It is to be reiterated that under Section 100 CPC jurisdiction of the High Court to entertain a second appeal is confined only to such appeals which involve a substantial question of law and it does not confer any jurisdiction on the High Court to interfere with pure H SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007] 3 S.C.R. 392 A c questions of fact while exercising its jurisdiction under Section 100 CPC. That apart, at the time of disposing of the matter, the High Court did not even notice the question of law formulated by it at the time of admission of the second appeal as there is no reference of it in the impugned judgment. Further, the fact finding courts after appreciating the evidence held that the defendant entered into the possession of the premises as a batai, that is to say, as a te:nant and his possession was permissive and there was no pleading or proof as to when it became adverse and hostile. These findings recorded by the two courts below were based on proper appreciation of evidence and the material on record and there was no perversity, illegality or irregularity in those findings. If the defendant got the possession of suit land as a lessee or under a batai agreement then from the permissive possession it is for him to establish by cogent and convincing evidence to show hostile animus Page 1532 and possession adverse to the knowledge of the real owner. Mere possession for a long time does not result in converting pet missive possession into adverse possession _Thakur Kishan Singh_ v. _Arvind Kumar;_ [1994] 6 SCC 591. Hence the High Court ought not to have interfered with the findings of fact recorded by both the courts below. B D 7. The position has been reiterated in _Kanhaiyalal_ v. _Anupkumar,_ E (200311 sec 430. . ·~ . ' 8. In _Chadat Singh_ v. _Bahadur Ram and Ors.,_ [2004] 6 SCC 359, it was observed thus: F G H "6. In view of Section 100 of the Code the memorandum of appeal shall precisely state substantial question or questions involved in the appeal as required under Sub-section (3) of Section I 00. Where the High Court is satisfied that in any case any substantial question of law is involved, it shall formulate that question under Sub-section (4) and the second appeal has to be heard on the question so formulated as stated in Sub-section (5) of Section 100." 9. The position was highlighted by this Court in _Joseph Severane and Ors._ v. _Benny Mathew and Ors.,_ [2005] 7 SCC 667, _Sasikumar and Ors._ v. _Kunnath Chellappan Nair and Ors.,_ [2005] 12 SCC 588] and _Gian Dass_ v. _Gram Panchayat, Village Sunner Kalan and Ors.,_ [2006] 6 SCC 271. IO. Sub-section (5) of Section 100 is applicable only when any substantial ~ 393 B.C. SHIVASHANKARA _v._ B.R. NAGARAJ [PASA Y AT, J.] question of law has already been formulated and it empowers the High Court A to hear, for reasons to be recorded, the appeal on any other substantial question of law. The expression "on any other substantial question of law" clearly shows that there must be some substantial question of law already formulated and then only another substantial question of law which was not formulated earlier can be taken up by the High Court for reasons to be B recorded, if it is of the view that the case involves such question. 11. Under the circumstances the impugned judgment is set aside. We remit the matter to the High Court so far as it relates to Second Appeal No. 236 of 1991 for disposal in accordance with law. The appeal is disposed of in the aforesaid terms with no order as to costs. B.B.B. Appeal disposed of. c· )- _(_ .