Babubhai Odhavji Patel v. State of Gujarat

**'A** .. C **F** # BABUBHAI ODHAVJI PATEL, ETC. ETC. _v._ # STA TE OF GUJARAT OCTOBER 27, 2005 ## **B** # [K.G. BALAKRISHNAN AND BN. SRIKRISHNA, JJ.] _Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985:_ _Section 17-0wner of tanker lorry found in possession of contraband substance weighing more than_ 5 _Kgs-He was using the tanker lorry for illegally transporting the contraband substance-Conviction by Courts below under S.17 held valid._ _Section. 42-D.J. G. had instructed the officer conducting search that_ **D** _intoxicant materials were being transported illegally between the States and that vehicles had been passing through a particular district-Police party had no previous information that any contraband substance was conc.ealed in any building, conveyance or enclosed space and they have to conduct a search pursuant to such information-Contraband substance recovered from tanker Ion)' when usual search of suspected vehicles carrying such contraband_ **E** _was being conducted by police officials-Held: Only a general information was given by the D.J.G-Such information is no(bound to be.recorded as a source of information as contemplated under S.42-S.42 provides that specific information alone need be recorded by the officer empowered to conduct search-It being a case of chance recovery, procedure contemplated under S.42 cannot be complied with._ _Section 50-Violation of-Even if made out on facts, would not vitiate the trial but would render the recovery of the illicit article suspect-Jn the present case no article was found on person of the accused but was recovered from the tanker lorry owned by him-Hence, recovery itself is not tainted_ G _with any procedural irregularity._ ## **H** **Police officials while doing usual patrol duty came across a tanker lorry and on search recovered contraband substance, namely opium weighing more than 5 Kgs from the vehicle. The search was conducted at 5:30 in the morning. Appellant, who was the c.wner of the tanker lorry, and two other. accused were** 844 BABUBHAI ODHA VJIPATEL _v._ STATEOFGUJARAT 845 found guilty under Section 17 of the NDPS Act. High Court upheld the conviction. Questions pertaining to violation of Section 42 and 50 of the NDPS Act as also violation of Sections 52, 55 and 57 of the NDPS Act arose for consideration in appeals to this Court. B Dismissing the appeals, the Court HELD: 1.1. The officer who conducted the search was examined as PW2. What he stated in the evidence was that the D.l.G. had instructed him that intoxicant materials were being transported illegally from the States of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh and the vehicles had been passing through C Banaskantha district. This was only a general information given by the D.l.G. to PW-2 and such information is not bound to be recorded as a source of ·information as contemplated under Section 42 of the NDPS Act. Section 42 of th.e NDPS Act provides that a specific information alone need be recorded by the officer empowered to conduct a search; Here, PW-2 and the members D : ·. of the patrol team were doing the usual patrol duty and they incidentally came , across the tanker lorry in question and on search recovered the contraband ··:.substance from the vehicle. There was no violation of Section 42 of the NDPS Act. 1848-C, DJ 1.2. The contention that the search was conducted at 5.30 A.M., that is E before the sunrise and the PSI should have obtained a warrant or authori7.ation for conducting the search of the vehicle is without any merit. The contraband substance, namely the opium, was recovered from the tanker when the usual search of suspected vehicles carrying such contraband was being conducted by the police officials. The police party had no previous information that any F contraband substance was being concealed in any building, conveyance or enelosed space and they have to conduct a search pursuant to such information. Then only they would require a warrant or authori7.ation as contemplated under Section 42 of the NDPS Act. If it is a chance recovery, the procedure contemplated under Section 42 cannot be complied with and the evidence of PW-2 would clearly show that it was a chance recovery. [848-E, F, GJ G 2. With regard to the contention that there was violation of S.50 of the NDPS Act as the appellant was searched without being informed of the option of search before a Gazetted Officer or Judicial Magistrate, it is important to note that no narcotic substance was recovered on the person of the appellant. H SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2005] SUPP. 4 S.C.R. 846 - A Even if it is assumed that a search was made on the person of the appellant by PW-2, no evidence in that behalf was made use of by the prosecution to sustain. the charge against the appellant. If at all there is any violation of Section 50, it will not vitiate the trial but would render the recovery of the illicit article suspect. In the present case no article was found on the person of the appellant - B but was recovered from the tanker lorry. Therefore, the recovery itself is not tainted with any procedural irregularity. (848-H; 849-A, Bl _State of Punjab_ v. _Baldev Singh,_ (1999[ 6 SCC 172, distinguished 3. The contention that the seal on the sample sent to the forensic science C laboratory was found tampered with and this creates a serious suspicion about the report furnished by the laboratory is also without any substance. This aspect of,the matter was elaborately dealt with by the Sessions Court and the appellant had even given up this plea before the High Court. (849-C[ 4. The further contention that the seized articles were not kept in proper D custody and that there was violation of Sections 52, 55 and 57 of the NDPS Act is also without any force. This Court in an earlier decision held that these provisions are not mandatory and are only directory. In the present case, no serious violation of these provisions is found. The prosecution a~duced evidence to prove that these provisions have been substantially complied with and the Sessions Judge discussed these matters in detail and accepted the E prosecution case. (849-D, El _Gurbax Singh_ v. _State of Hmyana,_ !2001 [ 3 SCC 28 and _Valsa/a_ v. _State of Kera/a,_ (1993) 3 Supp. 665, referred to. F 5. It is proved satisfactorily that the appellant who was the owner of the tanker lorry in question was found in possession of the narcotic substance .weighing more than 5 kilograms. It is proved that the appellant was using this vehicle for illegally transporting the narcotic substance. He has rightly been found guilty by the Sessions Court and his conviction was rightly upheld by the High Court. (849-F, G l ## G CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 861 of 1997. From the Judgment and Order dated 30.1.97 of the Gujarat High Court. in Crl.A. No. 32 of 1991. H BABUBHAIODHA VJI PATEL 1•. STATEOFGUJARA T[BALAKRISHNAN, l.] > l.] 847 0 WITH A Crl.A. No. 1132of1997. Sushi! Kurar, Mrs. Saroj H. Raichura, Sanjay Jain, Adolf Mathew, Vinay Arora, Ravi P. Wadhwani, H.A. Raichura and Ms. Asha Gopalan Nair for the Appellants. B Maulik Nanavati, Ms. Archna Palkar-Khopde and Ms. Hemantika Wahi for the Respondent. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by c **K.G. BALAKRISHNAN, J.** The appellant in Criminal Appeal No. 861 of 1997, along with two others was tried by the Addi. Sessions Judge, Banaskantha in Gujarat, for the offence punishable under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (hereinafter referred to as NDPS Act). All the accused were found guilty of the offence under Section 17 of the NDPS Act. They preferred an appeal before the High Court of Gujarat and by the **D** impugned judgment the High Court dismissed the appeal. Aggrieved by the same, the present appeals are filed by the appellants. The facts of the case are that on 1.7.1989 PSI, L.U. Pandey, along with other police constables, was on patrol duty in the night of 1.7.1989 and at about 5.30 A.M., they noticed a tanker lorry bearing registration number GRS E 6407 crossing the Palanpur railway crossing line. They signaled the vehicle to be stopped. The vehicle was stopped and they made a search of the lorry. The tanker lorry had three cabins. The police team wanted to conduct further search of the tanker lorry; therefore, they called two Panch witnesses and in their presence they opened the lid of the first cabin of the tanker with a p spanner. They found a bundle of jute bag and on further search it was found that the jute bundle contained a dark brown substance which smelled like opium. The contents were found to weigh more than 5.5 kilograms. The entire quantity was seized by the police and out of the seized material, 15 grams was taken as a sample and sent for examination by the forensic science laboratory. It was found that the seized substance was opium. G The appellant completely denied his involvement and at the trial he . alleged that there was violation of Section 42 of the NDPS Act. The appellant had also contended that there were procedural irregularities in conducting the search and sending the sample to the laboratory and in recording the arrest **H** 848 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] SUPP. 4 S.C.R. " A of the appellant. According to the appellant, all these procedural violations have caused serious prejudice to the accused and therefore the appellant is entitled to be released. We have carefully considered the contentions advanced by the counsel for the appellants and found no merit in the same. As regards violation of Section 42 of the NDPS Act, it was contended B that PSI, N.U. Pandey had received previous information before going for the search, but he had not recorded this information anywhere and that he had also not informed his superior officers about the proposed seizure. In the present case, the officer who conducted the search was examined as PW-2. What he stated in the evidence was that the D.l.G. had instructed him that C intoxicant materials were being transported illegally from the States of Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh and the vehicles had been passing through Banaskantha district. This was only a general information given by the D.l.G. to PW-2 and such information is not bound to be recorded as a source of information as contemplated under Section 42 of the NDPS Act. Section 42 of the NDPS Act provides that a specific information alone need be recorded by the officer D empowered to conduct a search. Here, PW-2 and the members of the patrol team were doing the usual patrol duty and they incidentally came across the tanker lorry in question and on search recovered the contraband substance from the vehicle. We do not think that there is any violation of Sectio,n 42 of the NDPS Act. E The counsel for the appellant further contended that the search was conducted at 5.30 A.M., that is before the sunrise and the PSI should have obtained a warrant or authorization for conducting the search of the vehicle. This plea also is without any merit. The contraband substance, namely the opium, was recovered from the tanker when the usual search of suspected p vehicles carrying such contraband was being conducted by the police officials. The police party had no previous information that any contraband substance was being concealed in any building, conveyance or enclosed space and they have to conduct a search pursuant to such information. Then only they would require a warrant or authorization as contemplated under Section 42 of the NDPS Act. If it is a chance recovery, the procedure contemplated under G Section 42 cannot be complied with and the evidence of PW-2 would clearly show that it was a chance recovery. The counsel for the appellant would further contend that there was violation of Section 50 of the NDPS Act as the appellant was searched H without being informed of the option of search before a gazetted officer or 849 BABUBHAI ODHAVJI PATEL _v._ STATEOFGUJARA T[BALAKRISHNAN,J.] ,.. • - judicial magistrate. It is important to note that no narcotic substance was A recovered on the person of the appellant. Even if it is assumed that a search was made on the person of the appellant by PW-2, no evidence in that behalf was made use of by the prosecution to sustain the charge against the appellant The counsel for the appellant placed reliance on _State of Punjab_ v. _Baldev Singh,_ [1999] 6 SCC 172. That decision has no application to the facts of the present case and even according to the said decision, if at all B there is any violation of Section 50, it will not vitiate the trial but would render the recovery of the illicit article suspect. In the present case no article was found on the person of the appellant but was recovered from the tanker lorry. Therefore, the recovery itself is not tainted with any procedural irregularity. c The counsel for the appellant also raised a contention that the seal on the sample sent to the forensic science laboratory was found tampered with and this creates a serious suspicion about the report furnished by the laboratory. We find no substance in this argument either. This aspect of the matter was elaborately dealt with by the Sessions Court and the appellant had even given up this plea before the High Court. D The learned counsel further contended that the seized articles were not kept in proper custody and that there was violation of Sections 52, 55 and 57 of the NDPS Act He placed reliance on _Valsala_ v. _State of Kera/a,_ (1993~ 3 Supp. 665. We do not think that there is much force in this contention. This Court in _Gurbax Singh_ v. _State of Haryana,_ [2001] 3 SCC 28 held that these E provisions are not mandatory provisions and they are only directory. In the present case, we do not find any serious violation of these provisions. The prosecution adduced evidence to prove that these provisions have been substantially complied with and the Sessions Judge discussed these matters in detail and accepted the prosecution case. F It is proved satisfactorily that the appellant who was the owner of the tanker lorry in question was found in possession of the narcotic substance weighing more than 5 kilograms. It is proved that the appellant was using this vehicle for illegally transporting the narcotic substance. He has rightly been found guilty by the sessions court and his conviction was rightly upheld by G the High Court. We do not find any merit in the appeal and the same is liable to be dismissed. The appellant was released on bail by this court by order dated 15th September. 1997 and there was also an interim stay of realization of the fine in terms of order dated 25th September, 1997. The appeal is dismissed and the H 850 - SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005) SUPP. 4 S.C.R. - A appellant is directed to surrender before the authorities within four weeks to undergo the remaining period of the sentence of imprisonment. He is also liable to pay the fine imposed on him, if riot already paid. The connected Criminal Appeal No. 1132 of 1997 would also stand dismissed accordingly. • B B.B.B. Appeals dismissed. ·,