Anil Kumar M.V. v. Dhanya T.R.

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT: THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE ANTONY DOMINIC & THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE P.D.RAJAN FRIDAY, THE 25TH DAY OF OCTOBER 2013/3RD KARTHIKA, 1935 Mat.Appeal.No. 435 of 2009 ( ) ------------------------------AGAINST THE JUDGMENT IN OPG&W 1170/2008 of FAMILY COURT, KOTTAYAM AT ETTUMANOOR DATED 16-05-2009 ## APPELLANT(S)/APPELLANT: -------------------------------------------- ANILKUMAR M.V., AGED 41 YEARS, S/O.BHAMA VISWAM, MELEBHAGATHU HOUSE, VELLA ROAD MANGARA.PO, PALAKKAD DISTRICT. BY ADVS.SRI.T.KRISHNAN UNNI (SR.) SRI.P.M.HABEEB ## RESPONDENT(S): ---------------------------- 1. DHANYA T.R. RADHA VILAS, VELLAPPALLIL LANE, KOTTAYAM.PO KOTTAYAM DISTRICT. 2. P.K.THAMPI,AGED 63 YEARS,F/O.DHANYA.T.R, RADHA VILAS, VELLAPPALLIL LANE, KOTTAYAM.PO KOTTAYAM DISTRICT. 3. RAJAMMA,AGED 60 YEARS,RADHA VILAS, VELLAPPALLIL LANE, KOTTAYAM.PO, KOTTAYAM DISTRICT. R1 BY ADV. SRI.G.S.REGHUNATH R1 BY ADV. SRI.M.P.MADHAVANKUTTY R 2 TO3 BY ADV. SRI.C.S.MANU BY ADV. SRI.T.C.SURESH MENON THIS MATRIMONIAL APPEAL HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 25-10-2013, ALONG WITH MA. 434/2012, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: ## **ANTONY DOMINIC & P.D.RAJAN, JJ.** ------------------------------------------Mat.A.Nos.435 of 2009 & 434 of 2012 ------------------------------------------Dated this the 25[th] day of October, 2013 ## **JUDGMENT** ## Antony Dominic, J. 1. These appeals are filed against the judgment of the Family Court, Kottayam at Ettumanoor in OP(G&W).1170/08. We shall refer to the parties as they were arrayed before the Family Court. - 2.The marriage between the petitioner and the first respondent was solemnized on 30.8.2001. Respondents 2 and 3 are the parents of the first respondent wife. In the wedlock, a male child Pranav Vishwam @ Dilroop Krishna was born on 19.8.2002. The marriage between the parties was dissolved by a decree of divorce passed by the Family Court in OP.295/2003 on 30.8.2005. The child was in the custody of the first respondent wife. In the mean time, the first respondent secured employment as Nurse in Ireland and she also contracted a second marriage. In 2008, alleging that the wife MA.435/09 & 434/12 2 was attempting to take the child to Ireland by December, 2008, the petitioner filed OP(G&W).1170/08 before the Family Court with a prayer to appoint him as the guardian of the child and also to give him permanent custody. Respondents filed their objections. The petitioner was examined as PW1 and the first respondent and another witness were examined as RWs.1 and 2. Exhibits A1 to A12 and B1 to B3 were marked. Finally, the Family Court passed order dated 16.5.2009 directing that the custody of the child with the mother through her parents in her absence will continue and that the father will be at liberty to visit the child atleast once in every month. It is aggrieved by this order, the petitioner father has filed Mat.A.435/09. 3. Though belatedly, the wife has filed Mat.A.434/12 where she points out that now the situation is ripe for her to take the child to Ireland and that therefore, the order passed by the Family Court should be suitably modified enabling her to do so. 3 MA.435/09 & 434/12 - 4.We heard the counsel for the parties. - 5.The first issue that arises for consideration is the legality of the order passed by the Family Court giving custody of the child to the mother through her parents. The second issue that is to be considered is whether the modification of the order sought for by the wife should be allowed and if so, what are the conditions subject to which the request should be accepted. - 6.As far as the first issue is concerned, admittedly, the parties are Hindus and therefore, are governed by the provisions of the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956. Section 6 of the Act provides that the natural guardians of a Hindu minor, in case the minor is a boy or unmarried girl, shall be the father and after him, the mother. However, section 13 of the Act provides that in the appointment or declaration of any person as guardian of a Hindu minor by a Court, the welfare of the minor shall be the paramount consideration. These provisions, therefore, make it clear beyond any doubt that in matters of MA.435/09 & 434/12 4 custody of a minor, the paramount consideration of the court shall be the welfare of the child and the legal rights of the parties cannot assume importance over the welfare of the child. In the context of the provisions contained in the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890, the Apex Court considered this very same issue in a case where the rival claimants were the parents of the minor child. Considering that issue, in **Rosy Jacob** v. **Jacob A.Chakramakkal** [(1973) 1 SCC 840], the Apex Court held thus: “There is no dichotomy between the fitness of the father to be entrusted with the custody of his minor children and considerations of their welfare. The father's fitness has to be considered, determined and weighed predominantly in terms of the welfare of his minor children in the context of all the relevant circumstances. If the custody of the father cannot promote their welfare equally or better than the custody of the mother, then, he cannot claim indefeasible right to their custody under S.25 merely because there is no defect in his personal character and he has attachment for his children -which every normal parent has. These are the only two aspects pressed before us, apart from the stress laid by the husband on the allegations of MA.435/09 & 434/12 5 immorality against the wife which in our firm opinion, he was not at all justified in contending. Such allegations, in view of earlier decisions, had to be completely ignored in considering the question of custody of the children in the present case. The father's fitness from the point of view just mentioned cannot override considerations of the welfare of the minor children. No doubt, the father has been presumed by the statute generally to be better fitted to look after the children - being normally the earning member and head of the family but the Court has in each case to see primarily to the welfare of' the children in determining the question of their custody, in the background of all the relevant facts having bearing on their health, maintenance and education. The family is normal1y the heart of our society and for a balanced and healthy growth of children it is highly desirable that they get their due share of affection and care from both the parents in their normal parental home. Where, however, family dissolution due to some unavoidable circumstances becomes necessary the Court has to come to a judicial decision on the question of the welfare of the children on a full consideration of all the relevant circumstances. Merely because the father loves his children and is no, shown to he otherwise undesirable cannot necessarily lead to the conclusion that the welfare of the children would be better promoted by granting their custody to him as against the wife who may also be equally affectionate towards her children and otherwise equally free from blemish, MA.435/09 & 434/12 6 and, who, in addition, because if her profession and financial resources may be in a position to guarantee better health, education and maintenance for them. The children are not mere chattels: nor are they mere play-things for their parents. Absolute right of parents over the destinies and the lives of their children has, in the modern changed social conditions, yielded to the considerations of their welfare as human beings so that they may grow up in a normal balanced manner to be useful members of the society and the guardian court in case of a dispute between the mother and the father, is expected to strike a just and proper balance between the requirements of welfare of the minor children and the rights of their respective parents over them.” 7.This judgment has been followed on several occasions subsequently and in **Gaurav Nagpal** v. **Sumedha Nagpal** [2009 (1) SCC 42], it was held thus: “42.When the court is confronted with conflicting demands made by the parents, each time it has to justify the demands. The Court has not only to look at the issue on legalistic basis, in such matters human angles are relevant for deciding those issues. The court then does not give emphasis on what the parties say, it has to exercise a jurisdiction which is aimed at the MA.435/09 & 434/12 7 welfare of the minor. As observed recently in Mousami Moitra Ganguli's case (supra), the Court has to due weightage to the child's ordinary contentment, health, education, intellectual development and favourable surroundings but over and above physical comforts, the moral and ethical values have also to be noted. They are equal if not more important than the others. 43.The word 'welfare' used in Section 13 of the Act has to be construed literally and must be taken in its widest sense. The moral and ethical welfare of the child must also weigh with the Court as well as its physical well being. Though the provisions of the special statutes which govern the rights of the parents or guardians may be taken into consideration, there is nothing which can stand in the way of the Court exercising its parens patriae jurisdiction arising in such cases.” 8.This Court also had occasion to deal with a similar conflict and in **Sebastian** v. **Thomas** [1979 KLT 536], following the Apex Court judgment in **Rosy Jacob** (supra), it was held thus: “7. However, we would like to mention that as to what course would be in the best interests of a child would vary from time to time and cannot be stipulated for all time till it attains majority with reference to the facts obtained at a given time. In view of that it is necessary MA.435/09 & 434/12 8 to say that the appellant-petitioner would be free to bring to the notice of the concerned court that circumstances have changed and establish that, therefore, he is the better person to have the custody of the child. This we say only because it may not be taken that the decision herein may preclude him from approaching the court again for the custody of the child if circumstances change and the changed circumstances warrant such a course.” - 9.Again, the Division Bench of this Court in **Baby Sarojam** v. **Vijayakrishnan** [1992 (2) KLJ 257] summarised the legal position in paragraph 45 of the judgment by holding that the father has no absolute right to have the custody of the child, though he has proved that he is not unfit to be the guardian. - 10.Therefore, the duty of this Court is to pass an order reconciling the legal rights and welfare of the minor, giving paramount importance to the latter. Bearing in mind the above, we shall now proceed to examine whether the Family Court has committed any illegality in concluding that welfare of the child will be served better if the arrangement, leaving 9 MA.435/09 & 434/12 custody of the child to the mother through her parents, is continued. - 11.In so far as the father is concerned, going by the averments in the petition, he is a graduate and was doing business at Palghat and in the gulf countries. However, it has come out in his own evidence that he is not even a matriculate. His evidence also shows that he was previously employed in private sector and Ext.A10 series appointment orders would also show that he was employed under different employers at different points of time. More over, when we interacted with him on 8.10.2013 in our chambers, he told us that he is presently employed at Chennai, again, in the private sector. Therefore, the impression that we could gather is that he is not a person with a steady career. 12. In so far as his financial resources are concerned, though we do not have any material before us indicating the latest position, his deposition before the Family Court shows that the petitioner did not have any savings in his bank account. Apart MA.435/09 & 434/12 10 from the family property having an extent of 42 Ares, to which his other siblings are also equally entitled, he neither owns any landed property nor has he got a house of his own. Instead, what he himself says is that he has a family property with a house, where his mother and the other siblings are residing and that they will look after the child in his absence. 13. As against the above, admittedly, the mother is a qualified Nurse. She is presently employed in Ireland. She has bank deposits in India. Her parents were willing to look after the child during the period of her absence. The child is attending a school at Kottayam. We had occasion to interact with the child on 8.10.2013 in our chambers. He appeared to be an intelligent boy who, despite his teen age, is capable of choosing what is good for him. He has told us that he is very comfortable with his grandparents and is also very satisfied with the atmosphere in the school where he is presently studying. 11 MA.435/09 & 434/12 14.However, learned counsel for the petitioner strenuously contended that the wife has contracted a re-marriage and has another child in that marriage. Therefore, according to him, instead of allowing the child to get divided love from his mother, the child should be left in the custody of the father who still remains unmarried. In matters of this nature, we do not think that even if the wife has contracted a re-marriage, that by itself would, in any manner, disqualify her from having custody of her child provided that will serve the welfare of the child himself. Law in this behalf has been settled by the Apex Court in **Lekha** v. **Anil Kumar** [2007(1) KLT 9 (SC)], where, in paragraph 18, it has been held thus: “The fact that the mother has married again after the divorce of her first husband is no ground for depriving the mother of her parental right of custody.” Therefore, this argument of the counsel for the petitioner does not merit acceptance. 12 MA.435/09 & 434/12 15. The materials before the Family Court being the above, we are satisfied that the Family Court was fully justified in its conclusion that the welfare of the child, which should be given paramount importance, would be served better if the child is allowed to continue with the mother through her parents in her absence. Therefore, we do not find any reason to reverse that finding of the Family Court. - 16.Now what remains is the request of the wife for a modification of the order allowing her to take the child to Ireland. According to the wife, she has a regular employment and sufficient income and she is willing to look after and attend to the needs of the child. She also says that her husband welcomes such an arrangement and she undertakes that the child will be given good education in Ireland and that if he is allowed to be taken, his future prospects will be better. 17. However, learned counsel for the husband contended that the child has not stayed so far with the stepfather and that therefore, removing the child from the existing circumstances MA.435/09 & 434/12 13 and planting him in a hostile alien situation would not be in the interest of the child. It may be true that the child would not have stayed with the stepfather for long. But then, we cannot ignore that his mother is also available in the house and it is she who wants to take the child to Ireland. Therefore, this argument does not impress us in any manner. 18. It is true, as contended by the counsel for the petitioner, that the nature of the employment of a Nurse might require night duties and duties at the odd hours. Such hazards may lead to situations when the child is left with others in the house. However, when the mother of the child herself, who is equally keen to safeguard his welfare is there, her temporary absence from the house on account of her employment cannot be held against her. At any rate, on the materials available before us, there is absolutely no reason for us to think that his stepfather would not look after him. 19. As contended by the counsel for the petitioner, in Kerala also, there are good schools where the child can be educated. MA.435/09 & 434/12 14 However, the advantage of allowing the child to be taken to Ireland is that he would get not only good education and career prospects but will also enjoy the affection and care of his mother. Therefore, the fact that there are schools here in Kerala does not persuade us to compromise the welfare of the child on that account. We should, in this context, recall that during our interaction with the child on 8.10.2013, he had also told us that he is happy to go to Ireland with his mother. 20. In the above circumstances, we see no reason why the wife should be denied opportunity to take the child to Ireland where she is presently employed. We should also refer in this context the judgments in **Chandrakala Menon** v. **Vipin Menon** [1993 (2) SCC 6] and **Vikram Vir Vohra** v. **Shalini Bhalla** [2010 KHC 4204], where, similar requests have been allowed by the Apex Court. However, such an arrangement cannot be unconditional and certain conditions are necessary to ensure that the child is made available to the father and also to ensure that the wife honours her commitment to look after the child and also provide him good education at Ireland. 15 MA.435/09 & 434/12 21. Accordingly, we dismiss Mat.A.435/09. Mat.A.434/12 is allowed and the first respondent wife is permitted to take her son, Pranav Vishwam @ Dilroop Krishna to Ireland, subject to the following conditions: - (a)Within four weeks from today, the first respondent wife shall file an affidavit before the Family Court, Kottayam, undertaking to bring the child to Kerala every year during school vacations atleast for a period of one month and shall leave the child in the custody of the father during that period. - (b) In the affidavit, she shall specify the period during which the child would be made available in Kerala for the father to take him into his custody. - (c)She should also disclose in the affidavit the details of the school where the child is going to be admitted and also should furnish the details about the manner in which she is proposing to bear the expenses thereof. MA.435/09 & 434/12 16 - (d)She should also undertake that if, for some reason, it is not possible for her to get the child admitted in school in Ireland, she shall return the child to Kerala and shall continue the existing arrangements, either by accommodating him with the grandparents or by accommodating him in a boarding school. If such an arrangement is made, the father will have visitorial rights as directed by the Family Court. - (e)In the affidavit, she shall furnish her address, phone numbers and e-mail ID in Ireland and the petitioner father will be allowed to contact and interact with the child. - (f)In addition to the filing of the affidavit as above, she shall also deposit in a nationalized bank in Kottayam an amount of Rs.5 lakh in Fixed Deposit and shall submit the receipt thereof to the Family Court, Kottayam with lien noticed in favour of the court. The FD receipt will remain with the Family Court until the MA.435/09 & 434/12 17 child attains 18 years and will be released only thereafter. (g)The above arrangements will continue until the child attains 18 years. We clarify that if there is any change of circumstances justifying modification of the arrangements ordered by us, it would be open to either of the parties to apply to the Family Court, Kottayam for appropriate modifications, in which event, the Family Court shall consider such applications and pass orders thereon, in accordance with law. Sd/ANTONY DOMINIC, Judge. Sd/- P.D.RAJAN, Judge. kkb. The condition in paragraph 21(f) of the common judgment dated 25.10.2013 in Mat.Appeal No.435/09 and Mat.Appeal. No.434/2012 is modified with the further direction that; MA.435/09 & 434/12 18 “In the event the 1[st] respondent wife is found to have violated any one of the conditions imposed by this Court, the deposit covered by the F.D. receipt produced by the 1[st] respondent will be forfeited. Thereupon, the Family Court shall deposit the said amount in the account of the Kerala High Court Legal Services Committee, Kochi.” Vide order dated 8.11.2013 in R.P.No.892/13 in M.A.No.435/09. Sd/- Registrar (Judicial)