Ajil Thomas v. Oriental Insurance Company Ltd

# **IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM** ## **PRESENT** **THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE ANIL K.NARENDRAN** **MONDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF NOVEMBER 2019 / 27TH KARTHIKA, 1941** ## **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** **AGAINST THE AWARD IN OPMV 1148/2016 DATED 08-04-2019 OF MOTOR ACCIDENT CLAIMS TRIBUNAL MUVATTUPUZHA** ## **APPELLANT/PETITIONER** **AJIL THOMAS, AGED 26 YEARS S/O. THOMAS, RESIDING AT ENCHAKAL HOUSE, PIRAKUNNAM KARA, KUTTAMANGALAM VILLAGE, OONNUKAL P.O., KOTHAMANGALAM, PIN-686 693.** **BY ADV. SMT.ANEY PAUL** ## **RESPONDENT/3RD RESPONDENT:** **THE ORIENTAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD REPRESENTED BY ITS MANAGER, KOTHAMANGALAM BRANCH 686 691.** **R1 BY ADV. SMT.LATHA SUSAN CHERIAN** **BY SMT K.S.SANTHI-STANDING COUNSEL** **THIS MOTOR ACCIDENT CLAIMS APPEAL HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON 18.11.2019, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:** **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 2 ## **JUDGMENT** The appellant is the claimant in O.P(MV)No.1148 of 2016 on the file of the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal, Muvattupuzha, a claim petition filed under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, claiming compensation on account of the injuries sustained by him in a motor accident, which occurred on 22.5.2016, while he was riding in a motorcycle bearing registration No.KL-40/9751. At the place of accident, he was knocked down by a bus bearing registration No.KL-6/D-6921 driven by the 1[st] respondent and owned by the 2[nd] respondent before the Tribunal and insured with the respondent herein. In the accident, the appellant/claimant sustained injuries. Alleging that the accident occurred due to the rash and negligent driving of bus by the 1[st] respondent, claim petition was filed before the Tribunal claiming a total compensation of Rs.6,00,000/-, under various heads. 2. Before the Tribunal, respondents 1 and 2 remained absent and they were set exparte. 3. The 3[rd] respondent insurer filed written statement admitting insurance coverage of the bus involved in the accident; however, denying the negligence alleged against the 1[st] respondent driver. The age, occupation, monthly income, etc. **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 3 stated in the claim petition were denied and it was contended that the compensation claimed is highly excessive. 4. Before the Tribunal, Exts.A1 to A12 were marked on the side of the appellant/claimant. The document marked as Ext.C1 is the disability certificate issued by the Medical Board at Government Medical College, Kottayam, assessing the permanent disability of the appellant/claimant, on account of the injuries sustained in the motor accident. The respondents have not chosen to adduce any oral or documentary evidence. 5. After considering the pleadings and materials on record, the Tribunal arrived at a conclusion that the accident occurred due to the rash and negligent driving of the offending bus by the 1[st] respondent driver. Since insurance coverage of the said vehicle was not in dispute, the insurer was held liable to indemnify the insured. Under various heads, the Tribunal awarded a total compensation of Rs.5,99,902/-, which was rounded off to Rs.6,00,000/-, together with interest at the rate of 7% per annum from the date of petition till date of deposit, with proportionate cost and the insurer was directed to satisfy the award. 6. Dissatisfied with the quantum of compensation **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 4 awarded by the Tribunal, the appellant/claimant is before this Court in this appeal. 7. Heard the learned counsel for the appellant/claimant and also the learned Standing Counsel for the respondent/insurer. 8. The issue that arises for consideration in this appeal is as to whether the appellant is entitled for enhancement of the compensation awarded by the Tribunal under various heads. 9. In **State of Haryana v. Jasbir Kaur [(2003) 7 SCC 484]** the Apex Court held that the Tribunal under Section 168 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 is required to make an award determining the amount of compensation which is to be in the real sense 'damages' which in turn appears to it to be 'just and reasonable'. It has to be borne in mind that compensation for loss of limbs or life can hardly be weighed in golden scales. But at the same time it has be to be borne in mind that the compensation is not expected to be a windfall for the victim. Statutory provisions clearly indicate that the compensation must be 'just' and it cannot be a bonanza; not a source of profit; but the same should not be a pittance. 10. In **National Insurance Company Ltd. v. Pranay Sethi [(2017) 16 SCC 680]** a Constitution Bench of the Apex **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 5 Court held that, Section 168 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 deals with the concept of 'just compensation' and the same has to be determined on the foundation of fairness, reasonableness and equitability on acceptable legal standard because such determination can never be in arithmetical exactitude. It can never be perfect. The aim is to achieve an acceptable degree of proximity to arithmetical precision on the basis of materials brought on record in an individual case. The conception of 'just compensation' has to be viewed through the prism of fairness, reasonableness and non-violation of the principle of equitability. 11. In the instant case, the compensation awarded by the Tribunal under various heads reads thus; |Head of claim<br>Compensation for|Amount<br>claimed<br>(in Rs.)|Amount<br>awarded<br>(in Rs.)|Notes| |---|---|---|---| |Loss of amenities|1,50,000|32,000|reasonable| |Transportation<br>to<br>hospital|10,000|6,000|reasonable| |Extra nourishment|15,000|5,000|reasonable| |Damage to clothing &<br>articles|3,000|1,000|reasonable| |Treatment expenses|3,50,000|2,80,262|Actual| |Attendant expenses|20,000|6,000|reasonable| |Future<br>medical<br>expenses|1,00,000|0|Not entitled| |Pain and suffering|75,000|25,000|reasonable| **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 6 ||6||| |---|---|---|---| |Amenities<br>and<br>discomfort|50,000|20,000|reasonable| |Permanent disability|2,00,000|2,24,640|reasonable| |disfiguration|50,000|0|Not entitled| |Total<br>Claim is limited to|10,23,000<br>6,00,000|5,99,902|| 12. The accident occurred on 22.05.2016. At the time of accident, the appellant was aged 23 years. The appellant claimed a monthly income of Rs.15,000/- as mason. No materials were produced before the Tribunal to prove the monthly income of the appellant. The appellant has also not chosen to mount the box. In the absence of any reliable materials, the Tribunal fixed the monthly income notionally as Rs.8,000/-, for the purpose of assessing compensation under various heads. ## 13. In **Ramachandrappa v. Manager, Royal Sundaram Alliance Insurance Company Limited [(2011) 13 SCC 236]** the Apex Court reckoned the monthly income of a coolie (manual labourer), who met with a road accident in the year 2004, at the age of 35 years, notionally as Rs.4,500/-. The Apex Court held that, the claimant who was working as a coolie cannot be expected to produce any documentary evidence to substantiate his claim. In the absence of any other evidence contrary to the claim made by the claimant, in the facts of the said case, the **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 7 Tribunal should have accepted the claim of the claimant. The Apex Court made it clear that, in all cases and in all circumstances, the Tribunal need not accept the claim of the claimant, in the absence of supporting material. It depends on the facts of each case. In a given case, if the claim made is so exorbitant or if the claim made is contrary to ground realities, the Tribunal may not accept the claim and may proceed to determine the possible income by resorting to some guess work, which may include the ground realities prevailing at the relevant point of time. 14. In **Syed Sadiq v. Divisional Manager, United India Insurance Co. Ltd. [(2014) 2 SCC 735]** , taking note of the earlier decision in **Ramachandrappa's case (supra)** , the Apex Court reckoned the monthly income of a vegetable vendor, who met with a road accident in the year 2008, at the age of 24 years, notionally as Rs.6,500/-. In the said decision, the Apex Court held that, a labourer in an unorganised sector doing his own business cannot be expected to produce documents to prove his monthly income. Therefore, there was no reason for the Tribunal and the High Court to ask for evidence to prove his monthly income. Going by the state of economy prevailing at that **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 8 time and the rising prices in agricultural products, the Apex Court accepted his case that a vegetable vendor is reasonably capable of earning 6,500/- per month. 15. In the absence of any reliable evidence, considering the economic conditions prevailing at the time of accident, i.e., during the year 2016, and taking note of the fixation of notional monthly income by the Apex Court in the decisions referred to supra, this Court deem it appropriate to re-fix the monthly income of the appellant notionally as Rs.10,500/-, for the purpose of assessing compensation under various heads. 16. The document marked as Ext.A6 is the wound certificate issued from Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva. Exts.A7 and A8 are the discharge summaries and Ext.A9 is the EEG report. Ext.A12 series of medical bills are for a sum of Rs.2,80,262/-. As per the medical records, in the accident, the appellant sustained diffuse axonal injury, multiple parenchymal punctuate contusion 2.8 x 2.5 cm, right FTP acute SDH with A 10 mm midline shift, bifrontal and right temporal contusions, right temporal polar EDH, left occipital fracture with posterior fossa EDH, cerebellar contusion, left interventricular bleed, multiple facial bone fracture and left eye exposure keratopathy. He had undergone inpatient **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 9 treatment for a period of 20 days. 17. In Ext.C1 disability certificate, the Medical Board assessed the permanent disability of the appellant, on account of the injuries sustained in the accident, at 13%. The Tribunal accepted the percentage of permanent disability assessed by the Medical Board, for the purpose of awarding compensation under various heads. 18. Towards loss of earning, the Tribunal awarded a sum of Rs.32,000/-, at the rate of Rs.8,000/- for a period of 4 months. Considering the nature of injuries sustained and the treatment the appellant had undergone, as borne out from medical records, the period of 4 months fixed by the Tribunal for granting loss of earning is just and reasonable. Since the monthly income of the appellant is re-fixed notionally as Rs.10,500/-, the compensation under the head loss of earning is re-fixed as Rs.42,000/- (10,500 x 4), resulting an additional compensation of **Rs.10,000/-** (42,000 - 32,000). 19. On account of the injuries sustained in the accident, the appellant had undergone inpatient treatment for 20 days. Towards transportation to hospital, the Tribunal awarded a sum of Rs.6,000/-. Considering the nature of injuries sustained and the **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 10 treatment the appellant had undergone, as borne out from medical records, the compensation awarded by the Tribunal under this head represents just and reasonable compensation, which requires no enhancement in this appeal. 20. The accident is of the year 2016. Towards attendant expenses the Tribunal awarded a sum of Rs.6,000/-. Towards extra nourishment, the Tribunal awarded a further sum of Rs.5,000/-. Considering the nature of injuries sustained and the inpatient treatment the appellant had undergone for 20 days, as borne out from medical records, the compensation awarded by the Tribunal under these heads cannot be said to be on the lower side and therefore, no interference is warranted. 21. Towards damage to clothing and articles, the Tribunal awarded a sum of Rs.1,000/-. Considering the fact that the accident is of the year 2016, the compensation under this head is re-fixed as Rs.1,500/-, resulting an additional compensation of **Rs.500/-** (1,500 – 1,000). 22. Towards treatment expenses, the Tribunal awarded a sum of Rs.2,80,262/-, covered by Ext.A12 series of medical bills. In the absence of any further materials, the compensation awarded by the Tribunal under this head represents just and **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 11 reasonable compensation, which requires no enhancement in this appeal. 23. As compensation towards pain and suffering, the Tribunal awarded a sum of Rs.25,000/-. Considering the nature of injuries sustained and the treatment the appellant had undergone, as borne out from medical records, the compensation awarded by the Tribunal under this head cannot be said to be on the lower side. Therefore, the appellant is not entitled for any enhancement under this head. 24. In **Sarla Verma v. Delhi Transport Corporation [(2009) 6 SCC 121]** , the Apex Court, after referring to its earlier decisions in **Kerala State Road Transport Corporation v. Susamma Thomas [(1994) 2 SCC 176]** , **U.P. State Road Transport Corporation v. Trilok Chandra [(1996) 4 SCC 362]** and **New India Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Charlie [(2005) 10 SCC 720]** held that the multiplier to be used should be as mentioned in column (4) of the Table in paragraph 40 of the said decision [prepared by applying **Susamma Thomas** , **Trilok Chandra** and **Charlie** ], which starts with an operative multiplier of **18** [for the age groups of 15 to 20 and 21 to 25 years], reduced by one unit for every five years, i.e., multiplier of **17** for **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 12 26 to 30 years, multiplier of **16** for 31 to 35 years, multiplier of **15** for 36 to 40 years, multiplier of **14** for 41 to 45 years, and multiplier of **13** for 46 to 50 years, then reduced by two units for every five years, i.e., multiplier of **11** for 51 to 55 years, multiplier of **9** for 56 to 60 years, multiplier of **7** for 61 to 65 years and multiplier of **5** for 66 to 70 years. ## 25. In **National Insurance Company Ltd. v. Pranay** **Sethi [(2017) 16 SCC 680]** a Constitution Bench of the Apex Court held that, as far as the multiplier is concerned, the Claims Tribunal and the Courts shall be guided by Step 2 that finds place in paragraph 19 of **Sarla Verma** , read with paragraph 42 of the said judgment. 26. In the instant case, as on the date of accident, the appellant was aged 23 years. In the light of the decisions of the Apex Court in **Sarla Verma's case** and **Pranay Sethi's case** referred to supra, the multiplier of **18** applied by the Tribunal is correct and proper. 27. Towards compensation for permanent disability, the Tribunal awarded a sum of Rs.2,24,640/- (8,000 x 12 x 18 x 13/100). Since the monthly income of the appellant is re-fixed **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** 13 notionally as Rs.10,500/-, applying the multiple of 18 applicable to the age group of the appellant and the percentage of permanent disability as 13%, the compensation under the head permanent disability is re-fixed as Rs.2,94,840/- (10,500 x 12 x 18 x 13/100), resulting an additional compensation of **Rs.70,200/-** ( 2,94,840 – 2,24,640). 28. Towards loss of amenities the Tribunal awarded a sum of Rs.20,000/-. In Ext.C1 disability certificate the permanent disability of the appellant, on account of the injuries sustained in the accident, is assessed as 13%. Considering the nature of injuries sustained and the permanent disability assessed in Ext.C1 disability certificate, the compensation awarded by the Tribunal under this head cannot also be said to be on the lower side. Therefore, the appellant is not entitled for any enhancement under this head. In the result, the appellant will be entitled for payment of an additional compensation of **Rs.80,700/-** (Rupees eighty thousand and seven hundred only) [10,000 + 500 + 70,200] in this appeal, which will carry interest at the rate of **8%** per annum from the date of petition till realisation. The 3[rd] respondent/insurer shall satisfy the additional compensation **MACA.No.4129 OF 2019** **==> picture [13 x 7] intentionally omitted <==** granted in this appeal, together with interest, within a period of two months from the date of receipt of a certified copy of this judgment, after deducting the liability, if any, of the appellant/claimant towards Balance Court Fee and Legal Benefit Fund. Payment of additional compensation granted in this appeal shall be made to the appellant/claimant as per the directives issued by this Court in Circular No.3 of 2019 dated 06.09.2019 and clarified further in Official Memorandum No.D1-62475/2016 dated 07.11.2019. This appeal is disposed of as above. No order as to costs. ## **Sd/-** ## **ANIL K.NARENDRAN** JV **JUDGE**